• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.385-392
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• 2021

In this study, impact of Co proportion and calcination temperature of ceria on the Co/CeO₂ was analyzed by comparing nitrogen monoxide oxidation performance of various catalysts and their physico-chemical properties. The structural properties of each catalyst were studied by XRD and BET analysis, and the surface crystal states of cobalt were proposed according to the surface density. Oxidation states of elements were observed through Raman and XPS analysis, and the relationship between typical oxidation states and nitrogen monoxide oxidation performance was designed. Through H₂-TPR, oxygen-transferring capacity due to changes in the characteristics of catalysts were identified, and activation sites (Co³⁺) for oxidation were suggested.

• Journal of Powder Materials
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.302-307
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• 2008

$Gd_2O_3$-doped $CeO_2$(GDC) solid solutions have been considered as a promising materials for electrolytes in intermediate-temperature solid oxide fuel cells. In this study, the nano-sized GDC powder with average panicle size of 69nm was prepared by a high energy ball milling process and its sintering behavior was investigated. Heat-treatment at $1200^{\circ}C$ of nano-sized GDC powder mixture led to GDC solid-solution. The enhanced densification over 96% of relative density was obtained after sintering at $1300^{\circ}C$ for 2h. It was found that the sinterability of GDC powder could be significantly improved by the introduction of a high energy ball milling process.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.23 no.12
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• pp.695-701
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• 2013

To understand how reactivity between reinforcing nanoparticles and aqueous solution affects electrodeposited Cu thin films, two types of commercialized cerium oxide (ceria, $CeO_2$) nanoparticles were used with copper sulfate electrolyte to form in-situ nanocomposite films. During this process, we observed variation in colors and pH of the electrolyte depending on the manufacturer. Ceria aqueous solution and nickel sulfate ($NiSO_4$) aqueous solutions were also used for comparison. We checked several parameters which could be key factors contributing to the changes, such as the oxidation number of Cu, chemical impurities of ceria nanoparticles, and so on. Oxidation number was checked by salt formation by chemical reaction between $CuSO_4$ solution and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution. We observed that the color changed when $H_2SO_4$ was added to the $CuSO_4$ solution. The same effect was obtained when $H_2SO_4$ was mixed with ceria solution; the color of ceria solution changed from white to yellow. However, the color of $NiSO_4$ solution did not show any significant changes. We did observe slight changes in the pH of the solutions in this study. We did not obtain firm evidence to explain the changes observed in this study, but changes in the color of the electrolyte might be caused by interaction of Cu ion and the by-product of ceria. The mechanical properties of the films were examined by nanoindentation, and reaction between ceria and electrolyte presumably affect the mechanical properties of electrodeposited copper films. We also examined their crystal structures and optical properties by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and UV-Vis spectroscopy.

• Journal of the Korean Crystal Growth and Crystal Technology
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.311-317
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• 2009

3Y-TZP block doped with $HfO_2$ and $CeO_2$ for dental ceramic block to the proliferation of CAD/CAM systems was prepared by heating at $800{\sim}1100^{\circ}C$ and then sintering at $1450^{\circ}C$. The influences of heating temperature and addition of $HfO_2$ and $CeO_2$ on the mechanical and chemical properties of 3Y-TZP block were investigated. Using the EDS mapping images, $HfO_2$ and $CeO_2$ was well dispersed in the 3Y-TZP matrix. 3 wt% $HfO_2$ doped block showed the optimum biaxial strength (1 GPa), while 3 wt% $CeO_2$ doped block enhanced the stability of $t-ZrO_2$ under hydrothermal atmosphere.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.34 no.10
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• pp.1067-1073
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• 1997

The yttria doped ceria (YDC) thin films were fabricated by electrochemical vapor deposition on the porous $\alpha$-Al2O3 substrate. The growth rates of the films obeyed a parabolic rate law, which constant was 259.0 $m^2$/hr at 120$0^{\circ}C$. As deposition temperature (above 110$0^{\circ}C$) increased, dense thin films were enhanced. Mole fraction of XYC13 had an effect upon surface morphologies. Electrical conductivity was increased with deposition temperature. The conductivity of YDC film prepared at XYC13=7.9$\times$10-2 was about 0.097 S/cm at 104$0^{\circ}C$ and the activation energy of conduction was calculated to be 26.6 kcal/mol.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.51 no.1
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• pp.47-52
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• 2013

In this study, the catalytic performance and characterization of $Ni/Ce_xZr_{1-x}O_2$ were investigated using an autothermal reforming (ATR) process for hydrogen production. The $Ni/Ce_xZr_{1-x}O_2$ catalysts were prepared using the following methods: the water method (CZ-W), urea water method (CZ-UW) and urea, water and ethanol method (CZ-UWA). The performance of $Ni/Ce_xZr_{1-x}O_2$ catalysts in autothermal reforming of propane for hydrogen production was studied in a fixed-bed flow reactor. Reaction tests were conducted by using a feed of $H_2O/C_3H_8/O_2$=3/1/0.37 and $300{\sim}700^{\circ}C$. The CZ-UW and CZ-UWA catalysts showed higher propane conversion and hydrogen yield than the CZ-W catalyst. The activity test confirmed that the improvement in the water-ethanol catalyst was due to the low level of carbon deposition. SEM showed that the surface carbon consisted of clusters on the used CZ-UW catalyst, which is incontrast to the nano-fiber morphology observed on the used CZ-UWA catalyst. It was found that the amount of carbon deposition depends on the preparation method. Especially the $Ni/Ce_{0.75}Zr_{0.25}O_2$ was showed higher propane conversion and hydrogen yield than the other catalysts. Also TGA showed that the resistance of carbon deposition increase to Co addition.

• Journal of Hydrogen and New Energy
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 2014

Ceria ($CeO_2$) was used to scavenge free radicals which attack the membrane in the polymer electrolyte membrane water electrolysis (PEMWE) circumstance and to increase the duration of the membrane. In order to improve the electrochemical, mechanical and electrocatalytic characteristics, engineering plastic of the sulfonated polyether ether ketone (SPEEK) as polymer matrix was prepared in the sulfonation reaction of polyether ether ketone (PEEK) and the organic-inorganic blended composite membranes were prepared by sol-gel casting method with loading the highly dispersed ceria and cesium-substituted phophomolybdic acid(Cs-MoPA) with cross-linking agent contents of 0.01mL. In conclusion, CL-SPEEK/$Cs_{(2.5)}$-MoPA/ceria(1%) membrane showed the optimum results such as 0.1095S/cm of proton conductivity at $80^{\circ}C$, 2.906meq./g-dry-membrane of ion exchange capacity and mechanical characteristics, and 49.73MPa of tensile strength which were better than Nafion 117 membrane.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2006.11a
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• pp.451-454
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• 2006

WGS reaction over Mo2C and ceria based catalysts was investigated to develop an alternative commercial Cu-Zn/Al2O3 catalyst for fuel processor and hydrogen station. The Mo2C catalysts were prepared by a temperature programmed method and the various metal supported cerium oxide catalysts were prepared by an Impregnation method. The catalysts were characterized by the N2 physisorption, Co chemisorption, XRD, TEM and TPR. It was found that Mo2C and 0.2wt% Pt-40wt%, Ni/CeO2 catalysts had higher activity and stability than the Cu-Zn/Al203 above $260^{\circ}C$. Moreover, CO conversion of more than 85% was observed at $280{\sim}300^{\circ}C$. But all catalysts were deactivated during the thermal cycling runs. The results suggest that these catalysts are an attractive candidate for the alternative Cu-Zn/Al2O3 catalyst for fuel processor and hydrogen station applications.

• Proceedings of the Materials Research Society of Korea Conference
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• 2003.03a
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• pp.61-61
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• 2003

CMP(Chemical Mechanical Polishing)는 VLSI의 제조공정에서 실리콘웨이퍼의 절연막내에 있는 토포그래피를 제어할 수 있는 광역 평탄화 기술이다. 또한 최근에는 실리콘웨이퍼의 나노토포그래피(Nanotopography)가 STI의 CMP 공정에서 연마 후 필름의 막 두께 변화에 많은 영향을 미치게 됨으로 중요한 요인으로 대두되고 있다. STI CMP에 사용되는 CeO$_2$ 슬러리에서 첨가되는 계면활성제의 농도에 따라서 나노토포그래피에 미치는 영향을 제어하는 것이 필수적 과제로 등장하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 STI CMP 공정에서 사용되는 CeO$_2$ 슬러리에서 계면활성제의 농도에 따른 나노토포그래피의 의존성에 대해서 연구하였다. 실험은 8 "단면연마 실리콘웨이퍼로 PETEOS 7000$\AA$이 증착 된 것을 사용하였으며, 연마 시간에 따른 나노토포그래피 의존성을 알아보기 위해 연마 깊이는 3000$\AA$으로 일정하게 맞췄다. 그리고 CMP 공정은 Strasbaugh 6EC를 사용하였으며, 패드는 IC1000/SUBA4(Rodel)이다. 그리고 연마시 적용된 압력은 4psi(Pounds per Square Inch), 헤드와 정반(table)의 회전속도는 각각 70rpm이다 슬러리는 A, B 모두 CeO$_2$ 슬러리로 입자크기가 다른 것을 사용하였고, 농도를 달리한 계면활성제가 첨가되었다. CMP 전 후 웨이퍼의 막 두께 측정은 Nanospec 180(Nanometrics)과 spectroscopic ellipsometer (MOSS-ES4G, SOPRA)가 사용되었다.

• Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Materials
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.189-192
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• 2014

Yttria-stablized zirconia (YSZ) is the most commonly used electrolyte material, but the reduction in working temperature leads to insufficient ionic conductivity. Ceria based electrolytes (GDC) are more attractive in terms of conductivity at low temperature, but these materials are well known to be reducible at very low oxygen partial pressure. The reduction of electrolyte resistivity is necessary to overcome cell performance losses. So, thin YSZ/GDC bilayer technology seems suitable for decreasing the electrolyte resistance at lower operating temperatures. Bilayer electrolytes composed of a galdolinium-doped $CeO_2$ ($Ce_{0.9}Gd_{0.1}O_{1.95}$, GDC) layer and yttria-stabilized $ZrO_2$ (YSZ) layer with various thicknesses were deposited by RF sputtering and E-beam evaporation. The bilayer electrolytes were deposited between porous Ni-GDC anode and LSM cathode for anode-supported single cells. Thin film structure and surface morphology were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), using $CuK{\alpha}$-radiation in the range of 2ce morphol$^{\circ}C$. The XRD patterns exhibit a well-formed cubic fluorite structure, and sharp lines of XRD peaks can be observed, which indicate a single solid solution. The morphology and size of the prepared particles were investigated by field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). The performance of the cells was evaluated over $500{\sim}800^{\circ}C$, using humidified hydrogen as fuel, and air as oxidant.