• Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging
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• 제43권5호
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• pp.505-507
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• 2009

A 60-year-old woman, who had non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in left lower lobe underwent brain F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (FDG-PET/CT) for evaluation of cerebral metastasis. On follow-up FDG-PET/CT, only hypometaolic lesion was detected and progressed in right frontal lobe at 6 months and 10 months, later. Hypermetabolic metastasis was not detected even at last scan time of FDG-PET/CT. Brain MRI showed brain metastasis in right frontal lobe. As might be expected, the physician should take cerebral metastasis into consideration even though there is only hypometabolic change on subsequent FDG-PET/CT in patients with NSCLC.

• 대한핵의학회지
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• 제34권5호
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• pp.433-435
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• 2000

A 6000-year-old male with carcinoma of the prostate and cerebral infarction underwent a Tc-99m MDP bone scintigraphy for the evaluation of skeletal metastases. Bone scintigraphy (Fig. 1) showed multiple areas of increased uptake of Tc-99m MDP in the skull, spine, and ribs representing skeletal metastases. Two different patterns of uptake occurred in the skull region (Fig. 1A-C); one represents bony metastasis and the ether represents cerebral infarction. The shape, size, location, intensity, and border of the increased uptake differed between the two lesions. An oval-shaped pattern with smaller size, greater intensity and more sharply defined border in the frontal region was consistent with bony metastasis. A rectangular-shaped pattern with larger size, lesser intensity and relatively indistinct border in the temporo-parieto-occipital region was consistent with cerebral infarction. Increased uptake of bone-seeking radiotracers in cerebral infarction has been reported previously.$^{1-4)}$ A suggested mechanism by which bone-seeking radiotracers accumulate in the necrotizing cerebral tissue is an alteration of the blood-brain barrier induced during cerebral infarction, which results in entry of the radiotracers into the extracellular space of the brain.$^{4)}$ Brain CT (Fig. 2) performed 7 days before and one month after the bone scintigraphy revealed lesions on the right temporo-parieto-occipital region consistent with acute hemorrhagic and chronic cerebral infarction, respectively.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제30권11호
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• pp.1340-1344
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• 2001

뇌로 전이한 악성 섬유성 조직구종 1례를 문헌 고찰과 함께 보고하고자 한다. 환자는 62세 남자로 다발성 전이성 뇌종양 의증하에 개두술 및 종양 제거술을 시행받았다. 술전 검사상 두개강외 원발 부위를 의심할만한 병변은 발견하지 못하였다. 수술과 전뇌 방사선 치료후 6개월째에 성장하는 우측 견부 종양이 발견되어 적출술을 시행하였다. 뇌와 견부 조직 표본에서 악성 섬유성 조직 세포종에 부합되는 일치된 병리 소견을 보였으나 GFAP-양성 세포들은 뇌병변의 조직 표본에서만 발견되었다. 이후에 발생한 척추 등의 골격계 전이성 병변에 대하여서는 고식적 방사선 치료를 행하였다. 최초 진단 후 12개월째 우측 견부 종양이 재발하여 항암 화학 치료 중이다. 이 증례에서 특이한 점은 원발 부위 발견전 전이성 뇌종양이 진단된 것인데, 악성 섬유성 조직구종으로부터 뇌로 전이한 경우가 드물거니와 특히 원발부위가 확인되기 전에 뇌로 전이한 병변이 먼저 발견된 경우는 보고된 바가 없다. 또 하나의 중요한 소견은 GFAP 발현이 뇌병변에서만 나타나며 원발부위인 견부 종양에서는 관찰되지 않은 점이다. 원발성 두개강내 악성 섬유성 조직구종에서 GFAP-양성 세포의 존재는 중요한 조직학적 특성의 하나로 알려져 있으나, 본 증례의 소견은 원발성 두개강내 악성 섬유성 조직구종에 존재하는 GFAP-양성 세포들도 악성 섬유성 조직구종에 의해 이차적으로 생성된 비종양성 성상 세포들이라는 가설을 뒷받침하고 있다.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제40권6호
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• pp.463-466
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• 2006

A case of parasagittal meningioma en plaque with a peculiar clinical presentation is reported with a review of the literature. A 72-year-old woman presented with dysphasia and right hemiparesis. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated focal edema of left frontal lobe and a thick sheet-like parasagittal enhancing lesion with extension along the falx cerebri and adjacent sulcal enhancement. Differential diagnosis included idiopathic hypertrophic pachymeningitis, meningeal neurosarcoidosis, metastasis and meningioma en plaque. Cerebral angiography revealed occlusion of the anterior one-third of the superior sagittal sinus as well as a faint tumor blush supplied from the anterior branch of the middle meningeal artery. At surgery, the tumor invading the dura and skull was removed totally but the tumor invaded into the superior sagittal sinus was removed subtotally. The tumor was confirmed to be a transitional meningioma on pathological examination.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제51권1호
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• pp.47-50
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• 2012

We report here one case of rapid and aggressive course of cerebral metastatic angiosarcoma from the heart. A 36-year-old man presented with 10-days history of headache. Magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated subacute hemorrhage with a small region of enhancement in right parietal region and the pathological diagnosis was angiosarcoma. Transthoracic echocardiography demonstrated $3.2{\times}3$ cm sized mass on right atrial wall. Newly developed lesion was reoperated, three and four weeks later respectively, and whole brain radiotherapy of total 30 Gy was done. With the interval of two months, gamma knife surgery was done for new lesions two times, which were well controlled. Newly developed lesions rapidly happened even in the adjuvant treatment. He died 9 months after the diagnosis because of the aggravation of primary cancer. The cerebral metastatic angiosarcoma from the heart showed the rapid aggressive behavior and the closed follow-up could be needed for the adjuvant treatment.

• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.165-169
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• 2011

심장점액종은 심장의 가장 흔한 양성 종양이다. 하지만 국소전이와 원격전이의 증례들이 낮은 빈도로 보고되어 있다. 뇌경색을 주소로 내원한 49세 여자 환자의 심장초음파에서 심장 점액종이 발견되었으며 수술로 절제 1년 후에 구음장애가 발생하여 촬영한 자기공명영상에서 여러개의 조영증강이 되는 출혈성뇌전이 병변들이 관찰되었다. 방사선치료 후 추적 자기공명영상에서 병변의 크기들이 작아지는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 양성 종양이지만 심장 점액종은 드물게 지연되어 전이를 보일 수 있다. 저자들은 심장 점액종을 수술로 완전히 절제 후 지연되어 나타난 뇌전이를 경험하여 증례 및 문헌고찰을 하는 바이다.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제47권5호
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• pp.325-331
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• 2010

Objective : We retrospectively evaluated the survival outcome of patients with brain metastasis from hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Methods : Between 1991 and 2007, a total of 20 patients were diagnosed as having brain metastasis from HCC. The mean age of the patients was 55 ${\pm}$ 13 years, and 17 (85.0%) were men. Seventeen (85.0%) patients had already extracranial metastases. The median time from diagnosis of HCC to brain metastasis was 18.5 months. Fourteen (70.0%) patients had stroke-like presentation due to intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). Ten (50.0%) patients had single or solitary brain metastasis. Among a total of 34 brain lesions, 31 (91.2%) lesions had the hemorrhagic components. Results : The median survival time was 8 weeks (95% CI, 5.08-10.92), and the actuarial survival rates were 85.0%, 45.0%, 22.5%, and 8.4% at 4, 12, 24, and 54 weeks. Age < 60 years, treatment of the primary and/or extracranial lesions, and recurrent ICH were the possible prognostic factors (p = 0.044, p < 0.001, and p = 0.111, respectively). The median progression-free survival (PFS) time was 3 months (95% CI, 0.95-5.05). Conclusion : The overall survival of the patients with brain metastasis from HCC was very poor with median survival time being only 8 weeks. However, the younger patients less than 60 years and/or no extracranial metastases seem to be a positive prognostic factor.

• Journal of Digestive Cancer Research
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.113-115
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• 2015

본 증례는 전이성 췌장암에서 연수막전이로 발현된 국내 첫 사례이다. 또한 급성뇌졸중 양상이 첫 증상으로 발현된 경우도 이전에 보고된 바가 없다. 향후 전이성 췌장암의 뇌전이 양상에 대해 좀 더 많은 증례를 통한 연구가 필요하며, 췌장암의 빈번한 연수막전이 기전에 대해서도 추가 연구가 필요하다.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제51권3호
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• pp.141-143
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• 2012

The authors describe a case of choriocarcinoma that metastasized to the cerebral cortex, vertebral body, and intramedullary spinal cord. A 21-year-old woman presented with sudden headache, vomiting and a visual field defect. Brain computed tomography and magnetic resonance examinations revealed an intracranial hemorrhage in the left temporo-parietal lobe and two enhancing nodules in the left temporal and right frontal lobe. After several days, the size of the hemorrhage increased, and a new hemorrhage was identified in the right frontal lobe. The hematoma and enhancing mass in the left temporo-parietal lobe were surgically removed. Choriocarcinoma was diagnosed after histological examination. At 6 days after the operation, her consciousness had worsened and she was in a state of stupor. The size of the hematoma in the right frontal lobe was enlarged. We performed an emergency operation to remove the hematoma and enhancing mass. Her mental status recovered slowly. Two months thereafter, she complained of paraplegia with sensory loss below the nipples. Whole spine magnetic resonance imaging revealed a well-enhancing mass in the thoracic intramedullary spinal cord and L2 vertebral body. Despite chemotherapy and radiotherapy, the patient died 13 months after the diagnosis.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제66권4호
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• pp.465-475
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• 2023

Objective : Our objective is to analyze the occurrence, clinical course and risk factors for glioma patients with leptomeningeal metastasis (LM) according to different metastasis patterns and clinical variables. Methods : We retrospectively reviewed data from 376 World Health Organization (WHO) grade II-IV adult glioma patients who were treated in the National Cancer Center from 2001 to 2020. Patients who underwent surgery at other institutions, those without initial images or those with pathologically unconfirmed cases were excluded. LM was diagnosed based on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cytology. The metastasis pattern was categorized as nodular or linear according to the enhancement pattern. Tumor proximity to the CSF space was classified as involved or separated, whereas location of the tumor was dichotomized as midline, for tumors residing in the thalamus, basal ganglia and brainstem, or lateral, for tumors residing in the cerebral and cerebellar hemispheres. Results : A total of 138 patients were enrolled in the study. A total of 44 patients (38%) were diagnosed with LM during a median follow-up of 9 months (range, 0-60). Among the clinical variables, tumor proximity to CSF space, the location of the tumor and the WHO grade were significant factors for LM development in univariate analysis. In multivariate analysis, the midline location of the tumor and WHO grade IV gliomas were the most significant factor for LM development. The hazard ratio was 2.624 for midline located gliomas (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.384-4.974; p=0.003) and 3.008 for WHO grade IV gliomas (95% CI, 1.379-6.561; p=0.006). Conclusion : Midline location and histological grading are an important factor for LM in glioma patients. The proximity to the CSF circulation pathway is also an important factor for WHO grade IV glioma LM. Patients carrying high risks should be followed up more thoroughly.