• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.173-182
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• 2013

This Study was designed to investigate the effects of Sibjeondaebo-tang (SDT) and Gamy-Sibjeondaebo-tang (GST, Sibjeondaebo-tang adding Cervi Pantotrichum Cornu) on the improvement in regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) and mean arterial blood pressure (MABP) in normal rats, and in the rats with cerebral ischemia induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion, and further to determine the mechanisms. And, It was to investigate the effects of the SDT and GST with the change of histologic examination through the BDNF in the hippocampus CA1. In changes of cerebral hemodynamics, SDT and GST significantly increased rCBF in a dose-dependent manner but decreased MABP in normal rats. In mechanism of cerebral hemodynamics, Increase of GST-induced rCBF was significantly inhibited by pretreatment with methylene blue (0.01 mg/kg, i.p.), an inhibitor of guanylate cyclase, and Decrease of GST-induced MABP was significantly increased by pretreatment with methylene. These results suggested that the action of GST was mediated by guantlate cyclase pathway. In cerebral ischemics, the rCBF was stably improved by SDT (10 mg/kg, i.p.) significantly and stably increased by GST (10 mg/kg, i.p.) during the period of cerebral reperfusion, which contrast with the findings of rapid and marked increase in Control group. These results suggested that GST had anti-ischemic action in cerebral ischemic state. In histological examination through TTC stain, Sample A group and Sample B group decreased discoloration in the cortical part at $28^{th}$ day after MCAO induction. In immunohistochemistric response of BDNF, Sample A group and Sample B group increased respondent effect at $28^{th}$ day after MCAO induction. These results suggest that GST can Increase rCBF in normal state, as well as improve the stability of rCBF in cerebral ischemic state. Furthermore, methylene blue inhibitor study suggested the mechanism of blood flow enhancement by GST may be mediated by guanylate cyclase pathway.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.47-57
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• 2010

Experimental Study of Taegye($KI_3$) Taebaek($SP_3$) Draining Acupuncture on the Improvement of Cerebral Blood flow and Arterial Blood Pressure. Objectives : This study was designed to investigate the effects of acupuncture on Taegye($KI_3$) Taebaek($SP_3$) draining and determine the mechanism of action of PCBL by measuring the changes of regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) and mean arterial blood pressure (MABP) in normal rats. Methods : This study was designed to investigate whether acupuncture on Taegye($KI_3$) Taebaek($SP_3$) draining affect Regional cerebral blood flow(rCBF), Mean arterial blood pressure(MABP) in normal rats. To make manifest whether acupuncture on Taegye($KI_3$) Taebaek($SP_3$) draining was mediated by inhibitor of cyclooxygenase or guanylate cyclase which diate arterial diameter. Results 1. Acupuncture on Taegye($KI_3$) Taebaek($SP_3$) draining significantly increased rCBF but decreased MABP. This result suggests that Acupuncturing on Taegye($KI_3$) Taebaek($SP_3$) draining might significantly increase rCBF by dilating arterial diameter. 2. Acupuncture on Taegye($KI_3$) Taebaek($SP_3$) draining induced increase of rCBF was significantly inhibited by pretreatment with indomethacin (1 mg/kg, i.p.), an inhibitor of cyclooxygenase. 3. This result suggests that the action of Acupuncture on Taegye($KI_3$) Taebaek($SP_3$) draining might be mediated by cyclooxygenase.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.25-30
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• 2006

This Study was designed to investigate the effects of Patholobi Caulis on the change of regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) and blood Pressure (MABP) in normal and Cerebral ischemic rats. And, this Study was designed to investigate the inhibition of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity in neuronal cells. The results were as follows : In normal rats, Patholobi Caulis significantly increased rCBF in a dose-dependent manner, and MABP was somewhat increased. In ischemia rats, rCBF was significantly and stably increased by Patholobi Caulis (10 mg/kg, i.p.) during the period of cerebral reperfusion, which contrasted with the findings of rapid and marked increase in control group. Patholobi Caulis significantly inhibited LDH activity in neuronal cells. It was suggested that Patholobi Caulis had an anti-ischemic effect through the improvement of cerebral hemodynamics and inhibitive effect on the brain damage.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2002.08a
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• pp.721-722
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• 2002

The aim of this work is to analyze changes in cerebral hemodynamics and intracranial pressure mediated by cerebral blood flow challenges in patients with acute heart arrest. Lumped parameter model with feedback mechanism is utilized to simulate the hemodynamics of brain blood flow in case 40 min T-PLS operation is applied to patients of cardiac arrest. Numerical solutions show that cerebral blood flow and perfusion pressure in patients of cardiac arrest are sharply recovered in the initial state of T-PLS operation.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.164-175
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• 2021

Objectives: The LI11 (Quchi) acupuncture point has always been included in the Seven acupoints for stroke; however, additional LI11 acupuncture research is needed. In this study, the effect of LI11 acupuncture on cerebral blood flow of the anterior cerebral arteries (ACA) and middle cerebral arteries (MCA) was investigated. Method: This study included 10 healthy young male subjects. Cerebral blood flow velocity and cerebrovascular reactivity were measured using transcranial Doppler sonography. Changes in hyperventilation-induced carbon dioxide (CO₂) reactivity and modified ACA and MCA blood flow velocity at 40 mmHg (CV40), blood pressure, and heart rate were observed before and after LI11 acupuncture treatment. Results: A statistically significant increase in contralateral anterior cerebral artery CO₂ reactivity (p=0.036) and decrease in contralateral middle cerebral artery CV40 (p=0.047) were observed. No significant difference in mean blood pressure was shown. A statistically significant increase in heart rate occurred after LI11 acupuncture; however, it was not clinically significant as there were negligible changes in the heart rhythm. Conclusions: LI11 acupuncture treatment could improve cerebral blood flow velocity. These results might be explained by regulating endothelium-dependent vessel dilation in the anterior cerebral artery region. Trial registration: This trial has been registered with Clinical Research Information Service, a service of the Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: KCT0004494 (retrospectively registered). https://cris.nih.go.kr/cris/search/search_result_st01.jsp?seq=15359

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.611-616
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• 2007

The study was designed to investigate the effects of Leonuri herba extract (LHE) on the change of regional cerebral blood flow (rCBT and cytokines production (IL-1${\beta}$, TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-10, TGF-${\beta}$) in ischemic rats. The results were as follows : The rCBF was significantly and stably increased by LHE (10 mg/kg, i.p.) during the period of cerebral reperfusion, which contrasted with the findings of rapid and marked increase in control group. In cytokine production of serum by drawing from femoral arterial blood at 1 hr after middle cerebral arterial occlusion, experimental group (LHE 10 mg/kg treated group) was significantly decreased IL-l${\beta}$ production, and increased TGF-${\beta}$ production compared with control group. In cytokine production of serum by drawing from femoral arterial blood at 1 hr after reperfusion, experimental group was significantly decreased IL-1${\beta}$ production compared with control group. IL-10 and TGF-${\beta}$ production of sample group were significantly increased compared with control group. These results suggested that LHE was significantly and stably increased regional cerebral blood flow by inhibited IL-1${\beta}$ production, and accelerated IL-10 and TGF-${\beta}$ production.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.950-961
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• 2008

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to compare cerebral biood flow between hypertensives and normotensives using transcranial doppler ultrasonography (TCD). Methods : I investigated cerebral blood flow of 72 hypertensives and 127 normotensives. To evaluate the cerebral blood flow, I measured the systolic peak velocity(Vs) and mean How velocity (Vm) of the middle cerebral artery(MCA), anterior cerebral artery(ACA), posterior cerebral artery(PCA), basilar artery(BA), and internal carotid artery(ICA) in the two groups using TCD. Result : 1. There was a decrease in the Vs and Vm of all examined vessels of hypertensives in comparison with normotensives. There was a significant difference in the Vs of ACA and Vm of ACA, PCA, ICA. 2. In males, there was a decrease in the Vs of ACA, PCA, ICA and Vm of MCA, ACA, PCA, ICA of hypertensives in comparison with normotensives. However, there was no significant difference in the Vs or Vm of all examined vessels. 3. In females, there was a decrease in the Vs and Vm of all examined vessels of hypertensives in comparison with normotensives. There was a significant difference in the Vs of MCA, ACA and BA and Vm of ACA, PCA and BA. 4. In 30-49 year-olds, there was a decrease in the Vs and Vm of all examined vessels of hypertensives in comparison with normotensives. There was a significant difference in the Vs of ACA and Vm of ACA. 5. In 50-69 year-olds, there was a decrease in the Vs of ACA, PCA, BA, ICA and Vm of all examined vessels of hypertensives in comparison with normotensives. However, there was no significant difference in the Vs or Vm of all examined vessels. 6. In 70-89 vests old. there was a decrease in the Vs. Vm of PCA, BA, ICA of hypertensives in comparison with normotensives. But, there was no significant difference in the Vs, Vm of all examined vessels. Conclusions : There was a significant difference in the cerebral blood now velocity between hypertensives and normotcnsives. These results suggest that blood pressure has influence on cerebral blood flow.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.467-472
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• 2004

Transcranial Doppler sonography (TCD) is a useful diagnostic method to measure cerebral blood flow velocity in various cerebral disorders. However, we haven't data enough to be available for young persons, especially in the twenties in Korea. This study was performed to collect the basic data of the cerebral blood flow velocity and to understand the cerebral physiology in the twenties. We determined the mean velocities of middle, anterior, and posterior cerebral artery, and vertebral and basilar artery (MCA-V, ACA-V, PCA-V, VA-V, and BA-V, respectively) in eighty-two healthy volunteers. For evaluating cerebral autoregulation, only the MCA- V was measured under various conditions such as stable, apnea, and hyperventilation state. Right and left MCA-V were 80.66±14.03 and 83.22±14.40 cm/sec at stable state, 90.13±17.47 and 90.26±16.38 cm/sec at apnea, and 54.83±11.09 and 55.33±10.74 cm/sec at hyperventilation. Right and left ACA-V were 49.11±15.71 and 48.19±13.75 cm/sec. Right and left PCA-V were 39.44±9.12 and 37.91±6.74 cm/sec. Right and left VA-V were 33.65±9.26 and 36.l8±10.39 cm/sec. BA-V was 48.49±11.16 cm/sec. Right and left MCA- V, V A-V, and right ACA- V and PCA- V in women were higher than those of men (P<0.05). No significant differences were found between men and women in the others. These findings indicate that cerebral hemodynamics and autoregulation were normal in young people in their twenties. The velocities of MCA, ACA, PCA, and BA were high values in women as compared with men.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.1014-1020
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• 2004

The study was designed to investigate the effects of Palmul-Tang(PMT) on the change of cerebral hemodynamics [regional cerebral blood flow(rCBF), pial arterial diameter(PAD) and mean arterial blood pressure(MABP)] in normal and cerebral ischemic rats. The change of rCBF and MABP were determinated by laser-doppler flowmetry(LDF), and the change of PAD was determinated by video-microscopy. The results in normal rats were as follows ; PMT significantly increased rCBF and PAD in a dose-dependent, and PMT increased MABP in a dose-dependent. This results were suggested that PMT significantly increased rCBF by dilating PAD. The results in cerebral ischemic rats were as follows ; Both rCBF and PAD were significantly and stably increased by PMT(10㎎/㎏, i.p.) during the period of cerebral reperfusion, which contrasted with the findings of rapid and marked increase in control group. The present authors thought that PMT had an anti-ischemic effect through the improvement of cerebral hemodynamics.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.17 no.2 s.32
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• pp.161-167
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• 1996

For the purpose of developing a new drug against cerebral infarction, we chose Ijintang which is frequently applied in the field of Jung Pung of traditional medicine. From this formula, water extract and methanol extract were prepared respectively. Animals were divided into three groups; control group, water extract medicated group, methanol extract treated group. water extract was given 195mg／kg orally and methanol extract, 165mg／kg for 2 weeks in case of cerebral edema and 1 month in regional cerebral blood flow. On the regional cerebral blood flow, the drug medicated groups showed no significant changes as compared gith control group. There was no significant difference on the cerebral edema among the groups. According to the results above, it is suggested that oral medication of water extract and methanol extract from Ijintang have no effect on the change of rCBF and edema after acutely induced cerebral infarction. However, it is thought that modification of administration method and development of new animal model for traditional medicine are needed.