• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.348-352
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• 1998

Different bacteria wwere seperated from saliva and teeth of cariogenic patients and identified by a variety of morphological and biochemical tests. Extracts of green tea strongly inhibited Escherichia coli, Streptococcus salivarius and Streptococcus mutans. The antibacterial effect of green and black tea extracts were compared with those of amoxicillin, cephradine and eugenol.

• 대한약학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한약학회 2003년도 Proceedings of the Convention of the Pharmaceutical Society of Korea Vol.2-2
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• pp.228.2-229
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• 2003

Investigation of polymorphism has become a requirement in the pharmaceutical industry because the physical properties and bioavailabilities of crystalline drugs depend on their polymorphic form. Two polymorphic modifications and one pseudopolymorphic modification of cefotaxime sodium were prepared by recrystallization in organic solvents under variable conditions. Four polymorphic modifications of cephardine were prepared by recrystallization. Three polymorphic modifications and one pseudopolymorphic modification of ceftriaxone sodium were prepared by recrystallization. (omitted)

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제27권6호
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• pp.729-734
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• 2010

11살된 암컷 푸들 (체중 2.3 kg)이 지속적인 기침, 호흡곤란, 운동불내성 및 식욕부진으로 내원하였다. 영상진단 검사 및 실험실 검사를 통해, 환자는 ISACHC Ib 단계의 이첨판 패쇄부전증이 합병된 특발성 출혈성 심낭수 유출증으로 진단되었다. 우측 흉벽에서 심낭에 접근하여 투시현미경의 조사 하에 엘리게이터 포셉과 카테터를 이용한 경피하 심낭 부분절개술을 실시하였다. 시술 직후 실시한 ECG 와 심초음파 검사에서 환자의 심장 기능은 크게 개선되었다. 환자는 경도의 이첨판 역류증과 술 후 감염을 관리하기 위해 furosemide (1 mg/kg, bid, PO), enalapril (0.5 mg/kg, bid, PO), cephradine (20 mg/kg, bid, PO)을 처방 받고 퇴원하였다. 2주 후 실시된 검사에서 심낭수는 발견되지 않았으며 임상증상은 크게 개선되어있었다. 현재는 이첨판 패쇄부전증에 대한 처치를 위해 enalapril을 투약 중이고, 주기적으로 환자를 모니터하고 있다.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.177-184
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• 1982

토양에서 분리, 선별한 Streptomyces 속의 한 균주가 생산하는 Penicillinase의 최적생산조건을 조사한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 탄소원으로서는 glucose, 실소원으로는 L-as-paragine이 가장 우수했으며 금속감중에서 Mn C $l_2$를 첨가했을때 효소생성을 37% 증가시켰다. Amino 산중에서 L-leucine이 본 효소생산을 약간 증가시켰으며 L-histidine L-methionine은 크게 저하시켰다. Riboflavine, i-inositol, hesperidine, niacinamide, biotin, DL-$\alpha$- lipoic acid, folic acid가 효소생산을 증가시켰으며 항생물질중에서 cephradine, cephalexin, ampicillin, cloxacillin의 첨가가 효소생성을 크게 증가시켰다. 본 효소생산의 최고 pH는 7.0이며 최적온도는 28$^{\circ}C$였다. 또 500$m\ell$ Erlenmeyer flask에서 175$m\ell$의 배지를 가하여 3 일간 배양했을 때 효소생성이 최고에 도달했다.

• 분석과학
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.119-127
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• 2010

환경 시료중에 잔류하는 베타-락탐계 항생제를 동시에 추출하는 방법을 확립하였다. pH 2 에서 HLB 고체상을 사용하여 추출 및 정제한 후, 7종의 베타-락탐계 항생제(amoxicillin, ampicillin, penicillin G, cefaclor, cefadroxil, cefatrizine 및 cephradine)를 LC/ESI-MS/MS를 사용하여 동시에 분석하였다. 새롭게 확립된 분석법은 하천수중에서 베타-락탐계 항생제의 농도가 0.01~1.0 ng/mL일 때 정량을 위한 검정곡선의 상관계수($r^2$)가 0.9911~0.9995 범위로써 우수한 직선성을 나타내었다. 바탕하천수로부터 구한 검출한계(LOD)와 정량한계(LOQ)는 각각 0.0003~0.0234 ng/mL 와 0.0046~0.0778 ng/mL이었다. 이 분석방법은 물 환경중에 잔류하는 베타-락탐계 항생제를 정성 정량하는데 빠르고 신뢰할 만한 방법이 될 것이다.

• 생약학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.45-50
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• 1991

The combined effect of berberine isolated from the bark of Phellodendron amurense and some antibiotics was evaluated in order to measure the antibiotic activities. In this study, in the presence of streptomycin, tetracycline, cephradine as antibiotics, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Shigella sonnei as microorganisms were grown in an Automated Microbiology System. In case of Staphylococus aureus, combination with berberine and cephardine resulted in the strongest synergistic activity and in case of Escherichia coli and Shigella sonnei, combination with berberine and streptomycin resulted in the strongest synergistic activity. The combination with berberine and antibiotics increased the antibiotic activities, thereby showing a synergistic action.

• 한국임상약학회지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.91-96
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• 2003

Paclitaxel과 cephalosporines(제 1세대인 ceftezole sodium과 cephradine, 제2세대인 cefamandole sodium과 cefmetazole sodium, 제3세대인 cefoperazone sodium과 cefotaxime sodium 그러고 제4세대인 cefepime hydrochloride)을 $5\%$포도당주사액 그리고 $0.9\%$ 염화나트륨주사액과 함께 Y-Site 장치를 써서 환자에게 주입할 때 paclitaxel의 안정성에 관하여 연구하였다. Paclitaxel 0.3 mg/ml 및 1.2 mg/ml과 cephalosporines 20 mg/m을 각각 1 : 1로 혼합한 후 0, 1, 2, 4, 12시간 시점에서 paclitaxel의 농도를 HPLC로 분석하였다. 방해물질에 의한 분석오차를 줄이기 위해 분석법을 여러 상태에서 확인하였으며, 각 농도에서 3차례씩 실험하였고 각 샘플은 2차례 반복하여 HPLC로 분석하였다. 분석전에 각 시료의 투명도, 색의 변화, 침전상태 및 pH를 검사하였다. Paclitaxel 0.3 mg/ml 및 1.2 mg/ml와 cephalosporines 20 mg/ml를 각각 혼합하였을 때 12시간 동안 안정하였으며, 주사액의 혼탁이나 색의 변화 및 침전은 나타나지 않았으며 pH도 변하지 않았다.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.373-381
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• 2012

Antibiotics have been issued recently in water environments because of potential impacts on ecosystem and public health. This study was aimed to investigating the degradation of antibiotics such as tetracycline, lincomycin, sulfamethazine and cephradine using gamma ray irradiation. And the toxicity before and after irradiation on antibiotics was tested in order to examine the aquatic eco-risk assessment by aquatic organisms. In addition, comparing tests on toxicity for gamma ray and UV irradiated antibiotics was conducted. Four different antibiotics were prepared by concentration of 30 mg/L with demi-water respectively. The absorption dose of gamma ray was ranged from 0.2 to 2 kGy. The concentration of four antibiotics was gradually decreased corresponding to the increase of the absorption dose. A method for toxicity assessment using Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata was evaluated to the most acceptable compared with methods by Daphnia magna and Microtox$^{(R)}$ in terms of sensibility. It showed that the reduction of toxicity on antibiotics treated by gamma ray was superior comparing to the test results obtained from UV treatment. By-products from antibiotics treated by gamma ray were easily decomposed by microorganism and their toxicity was also evaluated to low.

• Near Infrared Analysis
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.29-33
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• 2000

The identification step of raw drug materials is an indispensible procedure in the GMP manufacturing process within the pharmaceutical industry. However, wet chemistry methods for identification of drug materials, used by the various Pharmacopeia are time-consuming and expensive steps. In this paper, near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) has been developed for identifying eleven drug substances including calcium pantothenate, cefaclor, cefoperazone, cephradine, dextromethorphan, ehtambutol, nicotinamide, pyrozinamide, tramadol, vitamin C, and vitamin E. Also the aim of ths work is to consturct a new algorithm for calibration model using soft independence modeling of class analogy (SIMCA) with Malinowskis Indicator Function (IND), which is used for finding the number of principal components of each class of the SIMACA model. The use of NIR technique with pattern recognition to qualify raw materials can make it possible to monitor process in real time as well as to control all procedures in the pharmaceutical industry. As the result, the samples identified of 183 different batches from 11 different compounds were separated clearly by SIMCA with 2nd derivative spectra in the NIR region of 1100∼2400 nm.

• 방사선산업학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.39-45
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• 2010

The pollution of antibiotics is a major cause of spreading antibiotics resistant bacteria in the environment. Applications of ozonation, UV, and ${\gamma}-ray$ irradiations have been introduced to remove antibiotics in the effluents from wastewater treatment system. In this study, we compared the chemical (HPLC) and biological (antimicrobial susceptibility test, AMS) assays in measuring of the concentrations of residual antibiotics after ${\gamma}-ray$ and UV irradiation. Most samples were degraded by ${\gamma}-ray$ irradiation (1~2 kGy). However, lincomycin and tetracycline were not degraded by UV irradiation. The concentration of residual antibiotics, that was treated with ${\gamma}-ray$ and UV irradiation, measuring by bioassay was similar to HPLC. The concentrations of ${\gamma}-ray$ irradiated cephradine measured by AMS test were 2 times higher than that of HPLC assay, indicating AMS test is more sensitive than HPLC assay. These results indicate that ${\gamma}-ray$ irradiation technique is more useful than UV irradiation, and biological assay is more useful to detect the antibiotics and toxic intermediates in antibiotics degradation.