• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.57-67
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• 1998

The main purpose of this study was to provide a basic information for the efficient foodservice management in elementary schools. A survey was conducted to get the information on the cost management and centralization needs of dietitians working for school foodservice in Kyungki-do. Detail information was collected from 85 dietitians. Statistical data analysis was completed using the SPSS/PC/sup/＋ package for descriptive analysis, t-test, $\chi$$^2$test and ANOVA. The results of this study were as follows: 1. Meal costs per one person evaluated on the standards of monthly budget basis in May and June, 1996 did not show any significant differance between commisary foodservice schools and conventional ones. Labor costs of island type and rural type were significantly higher than those of urban type. The schools with less than 1,000 feeding numbers spent more labor costs than those with over 1,001-feeding numbers did. 2. In island type and rural type, total meal costs increased according as the scale of the schools decreased. 3. Results of the survey on dietitians' centralization noeds showed that the aspects of common-purchasing and common solid waste management marked the highest ratings, whereas the aspects of commissary foodserice system got the lowest rating.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.21 no.47
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• pp.11-23
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• 1998

Many empirical research surveys have supported that Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB) is influnced by or closely related with leadership styles. The first purpose of this study is to review the relationship between 2 leadership styles(employee-centered style, job-centered style) and 2 OCB factors(altruism, conscientiousness) as a criterion variable, and the second and primary purpose is to test the moderating effects of structural factors(formalization, centralization) and personal factors(growth needs, sex, age, tenure, rank, occupation, school career) between 2 leadership styles and 2 OCB factors. For the analytical purpose of this article, Fisher's Z-transformation and SGC(split groups correlations) methods were introduced. Generally 2 leadership styles are found to influence on altruism and conscientiousness respectively. Out of 36 cases, only 2 cases were significant in moderating effects. Based on empirical results, there is no moderating effects in conscientiousness. But altruism is found to more closely related with employee-centered leadership in low centralized group than on high centralized group, and more closely related with job-centered leadership in low growth-needs group than in high growth-needs group.

• Journal of Korean Society for Quality Management
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.108-129
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• 1998

Many empirical research surveys have su, pp.rted that Organizational Citizenship Behavior(OCB) is influenced by or closely related with leadership styles. The primary purpose is to test the moderating effects of structural factors (formalization, centralization) and personal factors(growth needs, sex, age, tenure, rank, occuption, school carrer) between 2 leadership styles and 2 OCB factors. For the analytical purpose of this article, Fisher's Z-transformation and SGC(split groups correlations) methods were introduced. Generally 2 leadership styles are found to influence on altruism and conscientiousness respectively. Out of 36 cases, only 2 cases were significant in moderating effects. Based on empirical results, there is no moderating effects in conscientiousness. But altruism is found to more closely related with employee-centered leadership in low centralized group than in high centralized group, and more closely related with job-centered leadership in low growth-needs group than in high growth-needs group.

• Magazine of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.2649-2653
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• 1972

Many empirical research surveys have supported that Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB) is influnced by or closely related with leadership styles. The first purpose of this study is to review the relationship between 2 leadership styles(employee-centered style, job-centered style) and 2 OCB factors(altruism, conscientiousness) as a criterion variable, and the second and primary purpose is to test the moderating effects of structural factors(formalization, centralization) and personal factors(growth needs, sex, age, tenure, rank, occupation, school career) between 2 leadership styles and 2 OCB factors. For the analytical purpose of this article, Fisher's Z-transformation and SGC(split groups correlations) methods were introduced. Generally 2 leadership styles are found to influence on altruism and conscientiousness respectively. Out of 36 cases, only 2 cases were significant in moderating effects. Based on empirical results, there is no moderating effects in conscientiousness. But altruism is found to more closely related with employee-centered leadership in low centralized group than on high centralized group, and more closely related with job-centered leadership in low growth-needs group than in high growth-needs group.

• Journal of Daesoon Thought and the Religions of East Asia
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.73-99
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• 2023

The dragon is a special imaginary figure created by the people of East Asia. Its archetypes appeared primarily as totemic symbols of different tribes and groups in the region. The formation of early dynasties probably generated the molding of the dragon symbol. Dragon symbols carried deep imprints of nature. They concealed alternative messages of how ancient people at different locations dealt with or interacted with nature. Under pressure to standardize in the medieval and late imperial periods, the popular dragon had to transform physically and ideologically. It became imposed, unified, and framed, conveying ideas of caste classification and power, and losing itsecological implications. The dragon transitioned from a semi-ecological domain into a total social caste system. However, many people considered the "standardized" dragon as the symbol of the oppressor. Because of continuous orthopraxy and calls for imperial reverence, especially under orthopractic agenda and the surveillance of local elites, the popularized dragon was imbued within local artworks or hidden under the sanctity of Buddhas or popular gods in order to survive. Through disguise, the popular dragon partially maintained its ecological narratives. When the imperial dynasties ended in East Asia (1910 in Korea, 1911 in China, 1945 in Vietnam), the dragon was dramatically decentralized. However, trends of re-standardization and re-centralization have emerged recently in China, as the country rises in the global arena. In this newly-emerging "re-orthopraxy", the dragon has been superimposed with a more externally political discourse ("soft power" in international relations) rather than the old-style standardization for internal centralization in the late imperial period. In the contemporary world, science and technology have advanced humanity's ability to improve the world; however, it seems that people have abused science and technology to control nature, consequently damaging the environment (pollution, global warming, etc.). The dragon symbol needs to be re-defined, "re-molded", re-evaluated and reinterpreted accordingly, especially under the newly-emerging lens-the New Confucian "anthropocosmic" view.

• Journal of Information Technology Services
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.309-324
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• 2014

This case study focuses on the preparing a guide for the plan to the companies that want to build a business document system for the centralized services under the cloud computing. Total 3 Operating companies with regard to cloud computing issues are introduced for this purpose. Analyzing the usage and development direction of the selected companies were performed to set up plans. Through this in-depth needs of the user's point of view for the management of business documents, The necessary improvements in the process of collaboration and document sharing were derived. Business documents centralized service plans were proposed based on cloud computing models. Practical experiences of the companies were helpful to present the details of the operational strategy and operational plans. Especially with minimal staff input and verification process, Sample method for the automatic generating of the new document file name is introduced. A test bed before operating the enterprise-wide system were presented with information that is to be considered when building systems.

• Journal of the Korean BIBLIA Society for library and Information Science
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.49-83
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• 1980

Rapid expansion has taken place in development of cooperative arrangements among libraries, in computerization, mechanization, and centralization of library services; in sizes of collections; and in the variety of services offered by libraries. These increasing complexities of library organizational arrangements and expansions in activities and services make it all the more important for libraries to define their objectives clearly and to have methods for measuring the level of attainment of these objectives. Libraries, as all other institutions and organizations, are faced with the economic problem of allocating their limited resources in such a manner as to generate maximum benefits and calculating the costs of a library. Furthermore, they should be able to measure their performance or degree of achievement of objectives. In order to it, it is essential to set a standard and review the time and motion study. This study is an attempt to build a general standard applicable to Korean university libraries to provide a persuasive basis to university library administrators in their work management: The usefulness of this study are given below. (1) It helps to balance available resources with estimated workload. (2) It helps in managing a library more efficiency and more economically (3) It helps in objective evaluation of individual employee performance and in evaluation of the organization as a whole. (4) It helps the librarian plan for financial and personnel needs on the basis of sound production figures.

• Journal of the Korean Society for information Management
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.25-40
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• 2010

The purpose of this study is to analyze the usage pattern between each academic database through social network analysis, and to support the academic database for users's needs. For this purpose, we have extracted log data to construct the academic database networks in the proxy server of K university library and have analyzed the usage pattern among each research area and among each social position. Our results indicate that the specialized academic database for the research area has more cohesion than the generalized academic database in the full-time professors' network and the doctoral students' network, and the density, degree centrality and degree centralization of the full-time professors' network and the doctoral students' network are higher than those of the other social position networks.

• Journal of IKEEE
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.239-246
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• 2007

One of the most serious problems in KEPCO power system is the load centralization in the capital area. The load capacity in the capital area is almost 40% of the total load. However, the generation capacity in this area is just 16% of the total generation. The inequality, between the power demand and supply, in this area needs the power transmission from other regions. The simplest method to solve the problem is the installation of power plants or the addition of high-capacity transmission line in the metropolitan area. However, because of the concentration of human and material resources, there is a difficulty in the installation of the generation and transformer facility. As a result, instead of the installation of large scale facilities, the approach to maximize the application of existing facilities is required. In this research, we will develop a scheme with an HVDC installation for enhancing power transfer capability by utilizing the existing transmission lines.