• Proceedings of the Korean Institute Of Construction Engineering and Management
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• 2007.11a
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• pp.19-24
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• 2007

Due to the decreasing of Korean Construction market situation, recently a lot of medium & small size contractors, engineering firms and consulting firms are extending their business area to overseas market. To compare with 80${\sim}$90's situation at that time only Contractor provide service to overseas but in recent, there are number of Design, CM/PM and other consulting services which provide service to overseas. With this figures, the number of nation also increased from middle east and South east asian area to central asia and african nations and among them Kazakhstan has became as new market for the construction industry based on it oil money and up stream of real estimate market. Based on this fact, we will explain one of our recent project case for PM service in Almaty, Kazakhstan to show others who have interest to do business in their.

• The Southeast Asian review
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.191-221
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• 2014

South Sumatra's capital, Palembang, has long maintained a river-oriented transportation system. With road transportation's increased importance for exploiting natural resources, however, hundreds of roads have been constructed since the Dutch colonial period. This article examines how the construction of roads and bridges affected people's lives and social networks in Palembang, and what social and political significance it has in the context of a region in the postcolonial Indonesia, with a focus on the huge river called the Musi River, which horizontally crosses the city. After independence, there has been strong aspiration to link these two parts by road, and in 1965 the Musi Bridge (then the Sukarno Bridge) over the river was eventually opened. The construction of the bridge apparently initiated socioeconomic transformations and development in the region, including Ulu (the southern river bank)'s rapid urbanization. However, the features of regional development actually were prerequisites for "national" development. The regional development was impossible without financial support from the central government, and the local or regional aspiration for development was often supported only when it fitted with national envision. The Musi Bridge was a model case that fitted with such national envision. While it was the symbol of regional development, it was also celebrated as an exemplary sign of "national" development, by both Sukarno's government and Suharto's New Order regime. By analyzing the discussions and discourses regarding the Musi project since early 1950s, in addition to its social and economic impact after the construction, this article explores the continuities and changes in the roles and significance of the (construction of the) Musi Bridge with the changing political backstops in both regimes. Together with it, this article also aims to reexamine the interplay between "the national" and "the regional" in the prevalent aspiration for the national and regional "development" throughout the 1950s and 1960s.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.175-184
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• 2009

This study attempts to analyze the difference among the variations of ecological distribution in Gobi desert and Manchuria through satellite based land cover classification. This was motivated by two well-known facts: 1) Gobi desert, which is an old source region, had been gradually expanded eastward; 2) Manchuria, which is located in east of Gobi desert, was observed as a new source region of yellow dust. An unsupervised classification called ISODATA clustering method was employed to detect the land cover change and to characterize the status of desertification and its expanding trends using NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) derived from VEGETATION sensor onboard the SPOT satellite for 1999 and 2007. We analyzed NDVI annual variation pattern for every classes and divide into 5 level according to their vegetation's density level based on NDVI. As results, Gobi desert is showed positive variation: a decrease $78,066km^2$ in central Gobi desert and out skirts of Gobi desert (level-0) but Manchuria area is worse than previous time: an increase $25,744km^2$.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.57 no.5
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• pp.469-479
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• 2019

Plasmodium vivax is usually considered morbidity in endemic areas of Asia, Central and South America, and some part of Africa. In Thailand, previous studies indicated the genetic diversity of P. vivax in malaria-endemic regions such as the western part of Thailand bordering with Myanmar. The objective of the study is to investigate the genetic diversity of P. vivax circulating in Southern Thailand by using 3 antigenic markers and 8 microsatellite markers. Dried blood spots were collected from Chumphon, Phang Nga, Ranong and, Surat Thani provinces of Thailand. By PCR, 3 distinct sizes of $PvMSP3{\alpha}$, 2 sizes of $PvMSP3{\beta}$ and 2 sizes of PvMSP1 F2 were detected based on the length of PCR products, respectively. PCR/RFLP analyses of these antigen genes revealed high levels of genetic diversity. The genotyping of 8 microsatellite loci showed high genetic diversity as indicated by high alleles per locus and high expected heterozygosity ($H_E$). The genotyping markers also showed multiple-clones of infection. Mixed genotypes were detected in 4.8% of $PvMSP3{\alpha}$, 29.1% in $PvMSP3{\beta}$ and 55.3% of microsatellite markers. These results showed that there was high genetic diversity of P. vivax isolated from Southern Thailand, indicating that the genetic diversity of P. vivax in this region was comparable to those observed other areas of Thailand.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2019.10a
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• pp.15-15
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• 2019

The walnut (Juglans regia L.), a member of the Juglandaceae, is native to the mountain ranges of central Asia. This species of walnut is valued commercially for its nuts and in some areas for its timber. The seeds of walnut are recalcitrant and it has strong integument dormancy and their germination is irregular, making its natural propagation difficult. Low percentage of seed germination and long propagation cycle are the main problems of propagation. This study was conducted medium composition on in vitro plantlet regeneration from axillary buds of walnut. It has proved to be the most generally applicable and reliable method of in vitro propagation. Micropropagation culture that axillary buds are excised aseptically enables faster multiplication of plants. The axillary buds of walnut new cultivar "Sinlyeong" were cultured on two basal media which contained the different plant growth regulators depending on the respective shooting and rooting stage. After 12 weeks, the shoot generation rate was 85.3%, the shoot number and its length were 1.9/explant and 2.7 cm in the most favorable medium composition. The percentage of rooting was 25.4%. From these results, it was found the optimum basal medium and plant growth regulator for in vitro plant regeneration from axillary buds of walnut new cultivar "Sinlyeong". However, we have continued to search the other medium additives to enhance the rate of walnut root.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.47 no.3
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• pp.171-179
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• 2017

Ten species of vascular plants newly recorded in Uzbekistan are presented. The first record of Anthemis ruthenica from the northern side of the Alay range is confirmed, and the species was found for the second time in a neighborhood of Tashkent as an alien. Carduus arabicus as a native plant in Central Asia is recorded for the first time from Western Pamir-Alay. Chondrilla brevirostris, C. macrocarpa, and C. phaeocephala are from the desert and adyrs zones. Crinitaria tatarica and Crepis mira collected from Western Tien-Shan are presented, Olgaea baldschuanica first recorded on the Babatag range of mountains as a subendemic species and Erigeron andryaloides from the Hissar range are reported here as among the flora of Uzbekistan. The former Centaurea apiculata Ledeb. was accepted as a synonym of C. scabiosa L. subsp. apiculata. All records were collected in different habitats of Uzbekistan. Taxonomic remarks, pictures and distribution maps for these species are provided.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.51 no.3
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• pp.181-191
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• 2021

Tulips are bulbous geophytes that have considerable commercial value worldwide. This genus primarily originated in the Tien Shan and Pamir-Alai mountain ranges, which surround the Ferghana Valley. The Ferghana Valley is home to five sections of the genus Tulipa L, represented by 23 taxa (22 species). However, there is a lack of detailed information about the distribution of Tulipa species in the natural geographic area of the Ferghana Valley. Therefore, to address this knowledge gap, we comprehensively investigated the spatial distribution of all Tulipa species in the valley. To assess the spatial distribution, the entire area was divided into 32 squares consisting of four latitudinal and eight longitudinal zones. The results showed that latitudinal zones B and C with 15 and 13 taxa, respectively, along with five longitudinal zones (A5, B3, B4, C2, and C3) with 5 to 10 taxa were hotspots for this genus. Additionally, the spatial distributions of the species in terms of the corresponding state borders, mountain ranges, endemism, and conservation issues were assessed. The findings of this study provide comprehensive information about the distribution of Tulipa species to assist with conservation initiatives ultimately to ensure the survival of various species.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.443-457
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• 2019

Objectives: This study aimed to review the clinical research trends in respiratory diseases related to particulate matter (PM) to help design clinical studies on herbal medicine that protects against PM. Methods: We searched three international databases (Pubmed, EMBASE, and CENTRAL) to investigate clinical studies on respiratory diseases related to PM and to analyze their study design, respiratory-related disease, inclusion/exclusion criteria, study period, outcome measure, study results, measurement method of PM and range of PM. Results: A total of 18 studies were finally selected, including 13 observational studies and 5 randomized controlled trials. The selected studies showed an increasing trend from 1985 to 2018 and were conducted mostly in North America, followed by Europe and Asia. Subject disease and age were decided in variety by each study objective, although asthma accounted for the majority. For the outcome assessment, pulmonary function test was mostly used for lung function. Quality of life questionnaires and biomarkers in blood and sputum were also used. Conclusion: A well-designed clinical study on herbal medicine that protects against PM is needed, and this study is expected to be used as base data.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2019.04a
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• pp.110-110
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• 2019

Beet (Beta vulgaris) is a crop similar to sugar beet, chard and leaf beets, and its origin is the Mediterranean coast of southern Europe and Central Asia. Among the components contained in beet, betalain, the main component of the root, has been reported to prevent lipid peroxidation induced by active oxygen and free radicals due to its high radical scavenging ability. Among these, the betalain, betanin (Betanidin 5-O-${\beta}$-glucoside) contains both phenolic and cyclic amine groups, all of which are highly electron-donating and act as antioxidants and has tyrosinase inhibitory activity. Betanin accounts for about 75-95% of the total pigment found in the beet. EM stands for effective microorganisms and is a collection of beneficial microorganisms. EM includes yeast, lactic acid bacteria, mycelia, photosynthetic bacteria, actinomycetes, etc. Human patch test according to CTFA guidelines was observed to be a safe source of no stimulation when 5% (v/v) of the EM fermentation liquid was applied to the human body. In addition, beneficial microorganisms are synergistic in the process of co-existence and cultivation and it has the effect of increasing antioxidant capacity and inhibiting corruption. This study confirms the difference in tyrosinase inhibitory activity and betanin content of beetroot extracts and EM fermented beetroot extracts. Hence, these results confirm that EM fermented beetroot extracts are highly beneficial for the human body.

• Journal of Climate Change Research
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.263-271
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• 2018

Considering the high needs of recipient countries and the regional biases of Korean Official Development Assistance (ODA) policy, increases in the total amount of ODA and allocation to the forest sector are needed for Central Asia. In Tajikistan, illegal harvesting and grazing cause a gradual decrease in forest area. The Tajikistan government conserves forests by requesting international cooperation and establishing a policy for sustainable management of forest resources and prevention of further damages. To suggest suitable strategies and plans, the current statuses of forests and forestry were investigated, and ODA projects that can illustrate successful Korean experiences of forestation were conceived based on various geographical features and local conditions of Tajikistan in this study. Forest resource creation type projects (fuelwood and Tugai forest restoration) could result in energy independence and enhancement of ecosystem service such as a climate regulation and an increase in biodiversity. Community development type projects (introduction of ecotourism, agroforestry, and planting of fruit trees) can contribute to job creation and encourage participation of local residents, thus improving their incomes. In addition, establishment of a project foundation, including education, training, and a national forest inventory, would help those projects be sustainable in the long-term.