• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SP
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• v.48 no.1
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• pp.122-131
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• 2011

A widely used single image-based 3D face reconstruction method, 3D morphable shape model, reconstructs an accurate 3D facial shape when 2D facial feature points are correctly extracted from an input face image. However, in the case that a user's cooperation is not available such as a real-time 3D face reconstruction system, this method can be vulnerable to the errors of automatic facial feature point extraction. In order to solve this problem, we automatically classify extracted facial feature points into two groups, erroneous and correct ones, and then reconstruct a 3D facial shape by using only the correctly extracted facial feature points. The experimental results showed that the 3D reconstruction performance of the proposed method was remarkably improved compared to that of the previous method which does not consider the errors of automatic facial feature point extraction.

• Journal of Sensor Science and Technology
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.404-409
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• 2013

We devised calibration procedure for industrial thermometers by a comparison method at the boiling point of nitrogen (${\sim}-196^{\circ}C$). The uncertainty of the calibration was 4 mK (k = 2). As experimentally demonstrated in this work, the effect of the atmospheric pressure on the boiling point of nitrogen can be easily detected by the thermometer. Therefore, when the boiling point of nitrogen is used for calibration of thermometer by comparison, either a reference thermometer must be used to provide the reference temperature or the effect of atmospheric pressure should be carefully considered. The use of a copper block with a large thermal mass soaked into the liquid nitrogen was proven to be more reliable, and the stability of the temperature immersed into the copper block was 1.4 mK. The temperatures at the thermometer wells, evaluated by the crossed-measurement method to compensate for the inaccuracy of the thermometers and the linear drift of the temperature of the copper block, were equivalent within 0.23 mK of standard uncertainty.

• The Journal of Korean Society for Radiation Therapy
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.73-77
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• 2004

Purpose of the radio-therapy is maximize the radiation dose to the tumor while minimizing the dose to the critical organ. Carcinoma of the uterine cervix treatment are external irradiation or an interstitial brachtheraphy make use of isotope. Brachytherapy is a method of radiotherapy in advantage to achieve better local control with minimum radiation toxicity in comparison with external irradiation because radiation dose is distributed according to the inverse square low of gamma-ray emitted from the implanted sources. Authors make use of the patients data which 192Ir gives medical treatment intrcavity. Intracavitary radiation of the uterine cervix cancer, critical organ take $20\%$ below than exposure dose of A point in the ICRU report. None the less of the advice, Radiation proctitis and radiation cystitis are frequent and problematic early complications in patients treated with radiation for the uterine cervix cancer. In brachytherapy of uterine cervical cancer using a high dose rate remote afterloading system, it is of prime importance to deliver a accurate dose in each fractionated treatment by minimizing the difference between the pre-treatment planned and post-treatment calculated doses. Use of packing to reduce late complications intracavitary radiation of the uterine cervix cancer. Bladder and rectum changes exposure dose rate by radiotherphy make use of packing.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.53-62
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• 2006

Objectives : Because of the recent well-being syndrome, concerns about smoking cessation, as well as dietary improvement and exercise, are being increased. There are various methods for smoking cessation. Among them, recently acupuncture treatment is verified through diverse attempts. This research was conducted to examine the effects of acupuncture treatment especially on juvenile smoking cessation. Methods : From April 04 to Oct 04, this study had investigated 93 middle and high school students. 5 times of acupuncture treatment were given to each participant, and the survey was executed before and after each treatment. The acupuncture was treated to the ear alternately twice a week. The evaluation was taken before the treatment after the 1st treatment, and the 5th treatment with 6 questions of amount of daily smoking, desire to smoke, taste of smoking, subjective symptoms, smoking cessation proportion, Fagerstorm Tolerance Questionaire point. Results : Regarding amount of daily smoking, the significant tendency between before and after the treatment varied, but between the 1st and the 5th treatment, there was no difference. The 1st treatment had caused desire to smoke reduction in 46 students(49.5%), but the 5th treatment didn't have much effects on desire to smoke(43 persons; 46.2%). After treatment, 37.6% had no effect in taste of smoking, while the rest of them showed various reactions. Also, there were no difference of significant tendency between the 1st and 5th treatments. In respect to the amount of smoking, 70% of them achieved smoking cessation, or reduction in smoking, but about 25% of them showed no changes. Various subjective symptoms such as lethargy, decrease of appetite, headache were shown, and especially desire to smoke was shown pervasively. Regarding Fagerstorm Tolerance Questionaire point, the average of significant tendency in point after the treatment had decreased(3.1+-2.4 to 2.1+-2.1, p<0.0001). but for those students who had tried smoking cessation less than 5 times, Fagerstorm Tolerance Questionaire point had decreased significantly, but for the others who had tried smoking cessation more than 5times, there were no difference. Conclusion : In regard to 6 questions of amount of daily smoking, desire to smoke, taste of smoking, subjective symptoms, smoking cessation proportion, Fagerstorm Tolerance Questionaire point, various conclusion is drawn. These results suggest that acupuncture treatment on juvenile may have the tendency of smoking cessation.

• International Journal of Costume and Fashion
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.1-13
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• 2005

Two hundreds of female aged 19 years old and up were recruited to evaluate the postural changes and bilateral variation of asymmetry over age. To find out the differences among the age group, subjects were classified into 5 groups, early young age(19-29), late young age(30-39), early middle age(40-49), late middle age(50-59), and old age(60-). 35 body measurements were taken by the 3-D body scanner which allowed us to take measurements which cannot be measured using traditional methods, including the shape of a cross section, slice area surface are, and volume. Bilateral variations were observed as a function of age; Depth of scapular point level, scapular point to center back, and blade angle. Postural change of anterior cervical angle, upper anterior thoracic angle, upper posterior thoracic angle, posterior cervical angle, and center back/center front ratio were also exhibited. In each measurements, subjects were classified into normal, and abnormal group. Percentiles of abnormal in shoulder line angle, blade angle, neck point $\∼$ acromial point $\∼$ scapular point, posterior cervical angle, and upper posterior thoracic angle were increased over age group. The upper body of lateral view was classified into 3 types of posture based on the previous research; straight, erect(leaning back), and stooped(bent forward). The percentiles of subjects who have straight postures were decreased as a function of age, but those of stooped postures were increased. Subjects who have erect postures did not so. The stooped posture group shows the big cervical fossa angle, anterior cervical angle, posterior cervical angle, upper posterior thoracic angle, and the small upper anterior thoracic angle comparing to the straight and erect posture group. These results could be apply for clothing construction reflecting the changes in back, shoulder, neck, and the bilateral asymmetry according to the target age group.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.279-286
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• 2017

In this study, the characteristics of non-point source pollution runoff and the possibility of using new unit load were investigated by using pollutant load based on monitoring data considering baseflow. For this purpose, the components of hydrograph were separated by using digital filter method and the numerical integration method was applied to calculate the non-point source pollutant load for nine rainfall events in Juwon river in the Geum River basin. As a result of this study, the mean contribution rate of non-point pollutant was 31.34% for BOD, 58.94% for T-N, and 50.42% for T-P and BOD was more influenced by baseflow pollutant. Also, it was analyzed the pollutant load using the new unit load is closer to the observation load than the old unit load. This result implies that it is necessary to manage not only pollutant load due to direct runoff but also pollutant load due to baseflow runoff for efficient water quality management of the watershed.

• Journal of Veterinary Science
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.28.1-28.11
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• 2024

Background: Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) infection is ubiquitous around the world. Diagnosis of the porcine circovirus-associated disease requires clinic-pathological elements together with the quantification of viral loads. Furthermore, given pig farms in regions lacking access to sufficient laboratory equipment, developing diagnostic devices with high accuracy, accessibility, and affordability is a necessity. Objectives: This study aims to investigate two newly developed diagnostic tools that may satisfy these criteria. Methods: We collected 250 specimens, including 170 PCV2-positive and 80 PCV2-negative samples. The standard diagnosis and cycle threshold (Ct) values were determined by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Then, two point-of-care (POC) diagnostic platforms, convective polymerase chain reaction (cPCR, qualitative assay: positive or negative results are shown) and EZtargex (quantitative assay: Ct values are shown), were examined and analyzed. Results: The sensitivity and specificity of cPCR were 88.23% and 100%, respectively; the sensitivity and specificity of EZtargex were 87.65% and 100%, respectively. These assays also showed excellent concordance compared with the qPCR assay (κ = 0.828 for cPCR and κ = 0.820 for EZtargex). The statistical analysis showed a great diagnostic power of the EZtargex assay to discriminate between samples with different levels of positivity. Conclusions: The two point-of-care diagnostic platforms are accurate, rapid, convenient and require little training for PCV2 diagnosis. These POC platforms can discriminate viral loads to predict the clinical status of the animals. The current study provided evidence that these diagnostics were applicable with high sensitivity and specificity in the diagnosis of PCV2 infection in the field.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.27 no.10
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• pp.883-899
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• 2018

In this study, water quality data of eight main sites in the Geumho River watershed were collected and analyzed for long-term changes in water quality over the period from 2005 to 2015. The results showed that BOD concentration was gradually improved by the Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL), stages 1 and 2. Recently, a tendency of increasing BOD concentration was observed in the downstream section of the river. The concentration of COD was analyzed to be contaminated throughout the water system regardless of the water quality improvement project, and the TN concentration tended to increase in the midstream of the river from 2013. The TP concentration has clearly decreased from 2012 after the second stage of TMDL. For the statistical analysis of PCA ordination, monthly water qualities (pH, DO, Electrical Conductivity (EC), Water Temperature (WT), BOD, COD, TN, TP, TOC, and SS) and flow rate data for 5 years from 2012 to 2016 were used. Seasonally the Geumho River showed an increase in the TN concentration at point sources during the dry season (December to February). TP showed the effect of non-point sources in the summer, because rainfall has caused a rise in flow rate in the upstream. Besides, the origin of pollution source was changed from non-point sources with BOD, COD, and TOC.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.23-37
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• 2001

Objective: The purpose of this study is to develop and activate anti-tumor herbal acupuncture for cancer patients in South Korea. Methods: We investigated some literatures on anti-tumor herbal acupuncture which is used in South Korea and China, and made diagrams. Results: The results are summarized as follows. Anti-tumor herbal acupuncture is one of the traditional oriental medical method which is effective for cancer patients. In domestic studies, most of herb materials are belong to action of cooling&detoxification(25.0%) and strengthening body resistance(46.4%) which are proved to have effects of anti-tumor, immune activation and preventing tumor. In China, point injection therapy are used for improving symptoms of cancer patients and hea1ing tumor. Also herbal intravenous injection is used for combination of chinese traditional and western cancer therapy and treating cancer patients variously. Conclusions: From the above results. it is expected that anti-tumor herbal acupuncture is useful to improve clinical symptoms and quality of life(QOL) of cancer patients. Also we must develop new progressive methods of point injection and herbal intravenous injection for treating cancer patients, and advance clinical studies and trials.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.860-870
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• 2010

Long term monthly monitoring data showed that the water quality of streams flowing into Lake Paldang has been improved by various strategy for water. However, the effect of quality on Lake Paldang is still insufficient because of nonpoint source from watershed. In order to evaluate quantifying methods for pollution source and make a suggestion on improvements, Storm Water Management Model (SWMM) was constructed by using data set from the water quality and streamflow monitoring network in the Kyoungan watershed for Total Maximum Daily Loads (TMDLs). Load duration curve (LDC) based on the result of the Kyoungan watershed SWMM indicated that the water quality criterion on $BOD_5$ was often exceeded in up-stream than down-stream. From flowrate-load correlation curve, SS load significantly increased as streamflow increases. 75.3% of streamflow and 62.1% of $BOD_5$ loads is discharged especially in the zone of high flows, but monitoring data set didn't provide proper information about the conditions and the patterns associated with storm events. Therefore, it is necessary to acquire representative data set for comparing hydrograph and pollutograph through monitoring experimental watershed and to establish methods for quantifying point and nonpoint source pollutant loads.