• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2004.08a
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• pp.1346-1349
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• 2004

In this paper, we have proposed the new link-weight calculating function using for routing decision in WDM networks. The proposed link-weight calculating functions includes following factors those are available wavelengths per link, distance loss, total wavelengths, and limited wavelength conversion. The calculated link-weight is applied into the algorithm of routing decision in order to determine the available lightpath that qualifies user requests. The objective is to improve the performance of wavelengths assignment with fast determining the suitable lightpath by using the proposed link-weights calculating function. The analytical model of WDM switching networks is introduced for numerical analysis. The link-weight calculating function is performed. Finally, the performance of proposed algorithm is displayed with numerical results in term of the blocking probability, the probability that connection requests from users are rejected due to there are no available lightpath to be assigned for them. It is also shown that the blocking probability is varied in depending on the number of available wavelengths and the degree of wavelength conversion. The numerical results also show that the proposed link-weight calculating function is more cost-effective choice for the routing decision in WDM switching networks.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.608-616
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• 2004

Purpose: The aim of this study was to identify the experience of patients with liver cirrhosis. Method: This study was performed from march 2003 to June 2003. The participators were five men. Data collected through in-depth personal interviews, which were recorded and analysed according to the Colazzi's method. Result: Liver cirrhosis was classified into 20 themes, 70 formulated meaning, and 10 categories. The Result confirmed that the experience of liver cirrhosis patients were classified into 10 categories; unexpected change, limited daily living and role, difficult compliance with therapeutic regimen, unbelief so untreated with apathy, negative emotional change, lack of cause perception, self control, perceived family support, expectations for recovery and healing. Conclusion: We, cooperative researchers, realized that to reduce not only the days of hospital treatment and the economic loss, as well as the expenditure of insurance the importance of managing liver cirrhosis from early diagnosis and the physical, spiritual, social role in studying the patients who experience liver cirrhosis.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.195-198
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• 2015

Gas-assisted etching (GAE) with focused ion beam (FIB) was applied to prepare plan-view specimens of Cu thin-layer on a silicon substrate for transmission electron microscopy (TEM). GAE using $XeF_2$ gas selectively etched the silicon substrate without volume loss of the Cu thin-layer. The plan-view specimen of the Cu thin film prepared by FIB milling with GAE was observed by scanning electron microscopy and $C_S$-corrected high-resolution TEM to estimate the size and microstructure of the TEM specimen. The GAE with FIB technique overcame various artifacts of conventional FIB milling technique such as bending, shrinking and non-uniform thickness of the TEM specimens. The Cu thin film was uniform in thickness and relatively larger in size despite of the thickness of <200 nm.

• Journal of Hydrogen and New Energy
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.301-306
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• 2010

The present work is performed to photocatalytically reduce Cr(VI) by means of metal deposited anodized $TiO_2$ tubes, which are prepared by anodization of Ti foil followed by metal deposition. Stably immobilized photo-reactive materials are favored in the field of detoxification in a conventional aqueous medium, preventing gradual loss of efficiency and process malfunction due to detachment of the materials. The prepared samples are characterized by SEM, TEM, EDAX, and photocurrent. The metal deposited-$TiO_2$ electrode shows higher efficiency for Cr(VI) reduction (ca. 20%) and higher ability for adsorption (4~5 times) than pure one.

• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.5-8
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• 2015

Backgrounds: The purpose of this study was to compare full thickness skin graft with inguinal skin to split thickness skin graft for coverage of the radial forearm free flap donor site. Patients and Methods: 25 patients who was reconstructed with radial forearm free flap for head and neck cancer were reviewed retrospectively. Results: The graft loss rates of full thickness skin graft were less than split thickness skin graft or split thickness skin graft with dermal substitutes. The recovery times of donor site and skin graft donor site of full thickness skin graft were also shorter than split thickness skin graft or split thickness skin graft with dermal substitutes. Skin texture and aesthetic results of donor site were improved and complications as itching and pain sensation were decreased. Conclusion: Full thickness skin grafts with inguinal skin should be considered for patients requiring a radial forearm free flap.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.70-76
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• 2001

In a daily life these days, the safety and the comfort are considered very important. As the same as other areas, the good maintenance of fire protection systems and the fire drill plans in buildings can minimize the loss of human life and the property in case of fires. In this paper, a survey has been conducted to investigate the maintenance status of the fire protection systems of apartment buildings, shopping center and office buildings. Both practical procedures for checking the systems and for fire drills and strategic plans to minimize the losses in case of fires are suggested by analyzing how well the occupants in the buildings acknowledge the evacuation drills when the fire occurs.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.425-428
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• 2002

A chronic wasting disease in a 10-month-old Thoroughbred filly is described. The filly presented with chronic colic, which was charactered by progressive loss of weight. Over a period of a couple of days the filly suffered from serious colic and subsequently. Post-mortem examination revealed the cecocolic intussusception as a total invagination of the cecum into the right ventral colon. It seems logical to assume this invagination occurred at the start of the illness. In addition, there were also Anoplocephalar perfoliata in the cecum and the right ventral colon.

• BMB Reports
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.138-142
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• 1995

An anticoagulant/fibrinolytic protease was purified to homogeneity from the earthworm Lumbricus rubellus. The protein was a single chain glycoprotein of 32 kDa that exhibited strong proteolytic activity on human thrombin and fibrin clots. Proteolytic degradation of these plasma proteins by the purified enzyme occurred at a neutral pH range. Among several human plasma proteins tested as possible substrates for the protease reaction, the 32 kDa enzyme specifically hydrolyzed both thrombin and fibrin polymers without affecting other proteins, such as serum albumin, immunoglobulin, and hemoglobin. Treatment of the purified enzyme at neutral pH with either phenylmethylsulfonylfluoride or soybean trypsin inhibitor resulted in a loss of catalytic activity. The enzyme hydrolyzed the chromogenic substrate H-D-Phe-L-Pipecolyl-L-Arg-p-nitroanilide with a $K_m$ value of 1.1 ${\mu}M$ at a neutral pH. These results suggest that the anticoagulant/fibrinolytic enzyme from Lumbricus rubellus is a member of the serine protease family having a trypsin-like active site, and one of the potential clevage sites for the enzyme is the carbonyl side of arginine residues in polypeptide chains.

• Journal of electromagnetic engineering and science
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.41-45
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• 2018

In this study, a short-ended coupled line with a short-circuit stub transmission line bandpass filtering impedance transformer is presented. The general designed equations are derived on the basis of circuit theory. The design curves are provided to examine the characteristic of the proposed impedance transformer. The proposed circuit is suitable for high termination impedance. To validate the design formulas, a $400-50{\Omega}$ impedance transformer is designed and fabricated at the operating center frequency ($f_0$) of 2.6 GHz. The measured results show a good agreement with the simulation. The measured insertion and return losses are 0.6 dB and 22.5 dB at $f_0$, respectively. The measured return loss is higher than 20 dB within the passband frequency of 2.51-2.7 GHz. Moreover, the stopband attenuation is higher than 25 dB from DC to 1.64 GHz of the lower stopband and from 3.12 GHz to 6.4 GHz of the higher stopband.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.527-530
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• 2009

$(Ba_{0.57}Sr_{0.33}Ca_{0.10})TiO_3$(=BSCT) powders, prepared by the sol-gel method, were doped using $MnCO_3$ as the acceptor and $Dy_2O_3$ as the donor. This powder was mixed with an organic vehicle. BSCT thick films were fabricated by the screen-printing techniques on the alumina substrate. The structural and dielectric properties of BSCT thick films were investigated with variation of the $Dy_2O_3$ amount. As a result of the differential thermal analysis (DTA), the exothermic peak was observed at around $670^{\circ}C$ due to the formation of the polycrystalline perovskite phase. All the BSCT thick films showed the XRD patterns of a typical polycrystalline perovskite structure. The average grain size of BSCT thick films decreased with an increasing amount of $Dy_2O_3$. The relative dielectric constant and dielectric loss of the BSCT thick film doped $Dy_2O_3$ 0.1mol% were 4637.4 and 1.6% at 1kHz, respectively.