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Immunomodulatory Effects of Fermented Milk based on Synbiotic Interaction between Cudrania tricuspidata Leaf Extract and Lactobacillus gasseri 505 (Lactobacillus gasseri 505를 사용한 꾸지뽕잎 추출물 첨가 신바이오틱스 발효유의 면역활성 조절 연구)

  • Lee, Ji Young;Kim, Su Gyeong;Shin, Yong Kook;Oh, Nam Su
    • Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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    • v.36 no.1
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    • pp.39-48
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    • 2018
  • This study examined the immunomodulatory effects of milk fermented with based on the synbiotic interaction between Cudrania tricuspidata leaf extract (CT) and Lactobacillus gasseri 505. Raw 264.7 macrophages were treated with milk (Control), milk supplemented with 0.2% CT (CT-milk), or CT-milk fermented with L. gasseri 505 (FCT). FCT-treated cells showed higher NO production than the other groups. ELISA revealed that FCT produced the highest enhancement of the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as $TNF-{\alpha}$, $IFN-{\gamma}$, $IL-1{\beta}$, IL-6, IL-2, IL-12, and IL-10. Furthermore, FCT also increased the gene expression of pro-inflammatory mediators such as iNOS and COX-2 in a concentration-dependent manner. Collectively, these results indicate that the synbiotic interaction between CT and L. gasseri 505 might enhance their immunomodulatory effects of fermented milk.

A Study on Vulnerabilities and Defense Systems of ARM TruztZone-assisted Trusted Execution Environment (ARM TrustZone 기반 신뢰실행환경의 취약점과 방어기법에 대한 연구)

  • You, Jun-Seung;Seo, Jiwon;Bang, In-young;Paek, Yunheung
    • Annual Conference of KIPS
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    • 2020.05a
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    • pp.260-263
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    • 2020
  • 현재 전 세계 수많은 모바일 기기들은 보안에 민감한 애플리케이션들과 운영체제 요소들을 보호하기 위하여 ARM TrustZone 기반 신뢰실행환경 (Trusted Execution Environment) 을 사용한다. 하지만, 신뢰실행환경이 제공하는 높은 보안성에도 불구하고, 이에 대한 성공적인 공격 사례들이 지속적으로 확인되고 있다. 본 논문에서는 이러한 공격들을 가능하게 하는 ARM TrustZone 기반 신뢰실행환경의 취약점들을 소개한다. 이와 더불어 취약점들을 보완하기 위한 다양한 방어 기법 연구에 대해 살펴본다.

A Study on the Applying Fully Homomorphic Encryption in the Cloud Computing Environment (클라우드 컴퓨팅 환경에서의 동형암호기술 적용에 대한 연구)

  • Chang, Jiwon;Nam, Kevin;Cho, Myunghyun;Paek, Yunheung
    • Annual Conference of KIPS
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    • 2020.05a
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    • pp.264-267
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    • 2020
  • 클라우드가 보편적으로 활용되면서 클라우드 서버에 정보를 저장하거나 연산을 하는 일은 일상이 되었다. 그러나, 이러한 클라우드 컴퓨팅 서비스가 급격히 증가하면서, 개인정보보호와 데이터 보안성, 기밀성 및 시스템의 안정성에 대한 우려가 높아지고 있다. 클라우드는 데이터를 위탁받아 연산하는 과정에서 사용자들의 개인정보를 유출시킬 수 있는 문제점이 있다. 이러한 문제점을 해결하기 위한 방법 중 현재 가장 각광 받고 있는 해결책은 바로 동형암호기술이다. 동형암호는 이전 암호체계와 다르게 사용자의 암호화된 데이터를 복호화하지 않고서도 연산할 수 있어서, 이를 이용하게 되면 사용자 데이터의 기밀성을 보장하면서도 원하는 결과를 얻을 수 있다. 그러나, 동형암호를 클라우드 컴퓨팅 환경에 적용하는데 가장 큰 장애물은 바로 연산 오버헤드가 대단히 크다는 점이다. 본 연구에서는 최신 동형암호 기술을 소개하고 연산속도를 증가시키기 위한 솔루션들에 대해 알아보고자 한다.

Prompt Tuning for Enhancing Security of Code in Code Generation Language Models (코드 생성 언어 모델의 코드 보안성 향상을 위한 프롬프트 튜닝)

  • Miseon Yu;Woorim Han;Yungi Cho;Yunheung Peak
    • Annual Conference of KIPS
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    • 2024.05a
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    • pp.623-626
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    • 2024
  • 최근 거대 언어 모델의 발전으로 프로그램 합성 분야에서 활용되고 있는 코드 생성 언어 모델의 보안적 측면에 대한 중요성이 부각되고 있다. 그러나, 이를 위해 모델 전체를 재학습하기에는 많은 자원과 시간이 소모된다. 따라서, 본 연구에서는 효율적인 미세조정 방식 중 하나인 프롬프트 튜닝으로 코드 생성 언어 모델이 안전한 코드를 생성할 확률을 높이는 방법을 탐구한다. 또한 이에 따른 기능적 정확성 간의 상충 관계를 분석한다. 실험 결과를 통해 프롬프트 튜닝이 기존 방법에 비해 추가 파라미터를 크게 줄이면서도 보안률을 향상시킬 수 있음을 알 수 있었다. 미래 연구 방향으로는 새로운 조정 손실함수와 하이퍼파라미터 값을 조정하여 성능을 더욱 향상시킬 수 있는지 조사할 것이다. 이러한 연구는 보다 안전하고 신뢰할 수 있는 코드 생성을 위한 중요한 발전을 이끌 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

Degradation rate of several types of Calcium Polyphosphate;Long term results (다양한 형태의 다공질 Calcium Polyphosphate의 생분해성에 관한 장기적인 연구)

  • Yang, S.M.;Seol, Y.J.;Kye, S.B.;Lee, I.K.;Lee, C.W.;Kim, S.Y.;Lee, Yong-Mu;Ku, Y.;Han, S.B.;Chung, C.P.;Choi, S.M.;Rhyu, I.C.
    • Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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    • v.33 no.2
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    • pp.301-310
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    • 2003
  • The purpose of this study is to evaluate the biocompatibility and the biorsorbability of several types of calcium polyphosphate made through change of manufacturing process for 12 month. To solve limitation of calcium phosphate, we developed a new ceramic, Calcium Polyphosphate(CPP), and report the biologic response to CPP in extraction sites of beagle dog. Porous CPP blocks were prepared by condensation of anhydrous $Ca(H_2PO_4)_2$ to form non-crystalline $Ca(PO_3)_2$ and then milled to produce CPP powder. CPP powder, CPP block, and CPP granules added with $Na_2O$ were implanted in extraction sockets and histologic observation were performed at 12 months later. Like 3 months results, histologic observation at 12 months revealed that CPP matrix were mingled with and directly apposed to new bone without any adverse tissue reaction, CPP powder show direct bony contact, but new bone formation and fibrous tissue encapsulation showed in CPP block. 10% $Na_2O$ CPP granules show more inflammatory cells infiltration around graft materials compared at 3 month, but 15% $Na_2O$ CPP granules show less. This result revealed that regardless of addition of $Na_2O$, CPP had a high affinity for bone and had been resorbed slowly. From this results, it was suggested that CPP is promising ceramic as a bone substitute and addition of $Na_2O$ help biodegradation but optimal concentration of $Na_2O$ and other additive component to increase degradation rate should be determined in further study.

Bile duct changes in rats reinfected with Clonorchis sinensis

  • Choi, Dong-Il;Hong, Sung-Tae;Li, Shun-Yu;Chung, Byung-Suk;Lim, Jae-Hoon;Lee, Soon-Hyung
    • Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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    • v.42 no.1
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    • pp.7-17
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    • 2004
  • This study describes an evaluation of the sonographic, cholangiographic, pathological, and immunological findings, and the protective effect shown by rats reinfected with Clonorchis sinensis. Eight experimental rat groups were, namely, a normal control, a primary infection control, a reinfection I (reinfection 7 week after treatment following 3-week infection), a reinfection II (reinfection 2 week after treatment following 8-week infection), a reinfection III (exploration of the intrahepatic bile ducts 1 week after reinfection 4 week after treatment following 4-week infection), a superinfection, a secondary infection control, and an infection following immunization group. Sonographic and cholangiographic findings showed moderate or marked dilatation of the bile duct confluence in the primary infection control, reinfection II, and secondary infection control groups. Juvenile worms survived in the intrahepatic bile ducts 1 week after reinfection following treatment in the reinfection III group. It was concluded that reinfecting juvenile worms found during the first week following reinfection failed to survive or grow further. Anatomical, pathophysiological, or immunological changes may induce protection from reinfection in rats.

Study on an Effective Decellularization Technique for Cardiac Valve, Arterial Wall and Pericardium Xenographs: Optimization of Decellularization (이종 심장 판막 및 대혈관 이식편과 심낭에서 효과적인 탈세포화 방법에 관한 연구: 탈세포화의 최적화)

  • Park, Chun-Soo;Kim, Yong-Jin;Sung, Si-Chan;Park, Ji-Eun;Choi, Sun-Young;Kim, Woong-Han;Kim, Kyung-Hwan
    • Journal of Chest Surgery
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    • v.41 no.5
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    • pp.550-562
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    • 2008
  • Background: We attempted to reproduce a previously reported method that is known to be effective for decellularization, and we sought to find the optimal condition for decellularization by introducing some modifications to this method. Material and Method: Porcine semilunar valves, arterial walls and pericardium were processed for decellularization with using a variety of combinations and concentrations of decellularizing agents under different conditions of temperature, osmolarity and incubation time. The degree of decellularization and the preservation of the extracellular matrix were evaluated by staining with hematoxylin and eosin and with alpha-Gal and DAPI in some of the decellularized tissues. Result: Decellularization was achieved in the specimens that were treated with sodium deoxycholate, sodium dodesyl sulfate, Triton X-100 and sodium dodesyl sulfate with Triton X-100 as single-step methods, and this was also achieved in the specimens that were treated with hypotonic solution ${\rightarrow}$ Triton X-100 ${\rightarrow}$ sodium dodesyl sulfate, sodium deoxycholate ${\rightarrow}$ hypotonic solution ${\rightarrow}$ sodium dodesyl sulfate, and hypotonic solution sodium dodesyl sulfate as multi-step methods. Conclusion: Considering the number and the amount of the chemicals that were used, the incubation time and the degree of damage to the extracellular matrix, a single-step method with sodium dodesyl sulfate and Triton X-100 and a multi-step method with hypotonic solution followed by sodium dodesyl sulfate were both relatively optimal methods for decellularization in this study.

Improvement of Antigen Blotting in a Tissue Blot Immunobinding Assay for the Detection of Two Chili Pepper Viruses

  • Han, Jung-Heon;Shin, Jun-Sung;Kim, Young-Ho;Kim, Byung-Dong
    • Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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    • v.17 no.11
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    • pp.1885-1889
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    • 2007
  • The tissue blot immunobinding assay (TBIA) is widely used for the detection and localization of plant viruses in various plant tissues. The basic experimental procedures of TBIA sampling and blotting were simplified using commercially available micropipette tips. This method was termed the ring-blot immunobinding assay (R-BIA), as the blot on the membrane forms a ring shape. The detection efficacy of R-BIA was tested for two chili pepper viruses, pepper mild mottle tobamovirus (PMMoV) and pepper mottle potyvirus (PepMoV), following the optimized serological procedures of TBIA (length of the incubation period and BSA concentration, and primary and secondary antibodies). Sensitivity of the R-BIA was about 1 ng/ml of purified PMMoV in pepper leaf sap from a healthy pepper plant. R-BIA also showed high specificity in the detection of PMMoV and PepMoV. Moreover, the modified sampling and blotting procedures were simpler and more reliable than other TBIA methods (such as whole-leaf blotting and crushed-leaf blotting), suggesting that the R-BIA may be used for medium- to large-scale detection of plant viruses in laboratories with minimal facilities.

Needs for Children's Health Promotion Education as Perceived by Child Care Center Teachers and Mothers (보육교사와 학령전기 아동 어머니의 아동 건강증진 교육요구)

  • Lee, Young-Ran;Park, Sun-Nam;Lee, Mi-Ran
    • Child Health Nursing Research
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    • v.24 no.2
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    • pp.186-198
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    • 2018
  • Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the needs for children's health promotion education programs as perceived by child care center teachers and mothers. Methods: This study conducted a survey of 88 child care center teachers and 70 mothers of preschool children in Seoul from January 4 to February 5, 2016. This study aimed to characterize the current conditions of health promotion education for preschool children and the needs for health promotion education as perceived by child care center teachers and mothers of preschool children. Results: Areas of high need for health promotion education included lifestyle improvements for preventing diseases in children and awareness of the importance of health in educational objectives, standardized educational manuals, health educators as educators, child care centers as educational places, local health centers as educational support organizations, regular class hours as educational time, role play for training, and actual models in the educational medium. The educational subjects for which a high need was reported included safety and accident prevention, the role of smartphones and TV watching in mental health, and personal hygiene and disease prevention. Conclusion: These findings suggest that it is necessary to develop a health promotion education program for preschool children.

Antioxidant Effect and Component Analysis of Cardiospermum halicacabum Leaf Extracts (풍선덩굴 잎 추출물의 항산화 효과 및 성분 분석)

  • Jeong, Hyo Jin;Kim, A Rang;Lee, Keon Soo;Park, So Hyun;Shin, Hyuk Soo;Lee, Sang Rae;Song, Ba Reum;Lee, Yun Ju;An, Hyun Jin;Lee, Jae Duk;Park, Soo Nam
    • Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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    • v.43 no.2
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    • pp.175-187
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    • 2017
  • In this study, the antioxidant effect and component analysis for extract and fractions of Cardiospermum halicacabum leaf were investigated. All experiments were performed with 50% ethanol extract, ethyl acetate fraction and aglycone fraction obtained from dried C. halicacabum leaf. The yields of extract and fractions were 16.4, 0.9 and 0.3% per dried powder, respectively. DPPH (1,1-phenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging activity ($FSC_{50}$) of ethyl acetate fraction ($92.5{\mu}g/mL$) was the greatest radical scavenging activity, but lower than (+)-${\alpha}$-tocopherol ($8.9{\mu}g/mL$). In reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging activity (total antioxidant capacity, $OSC_{50}$) on ROS generated in $Fe^{3+}-EDTA/H_2O_2$ system, aglycone fraction ($4.2{\mu}g/mL$) was the highest total antioxidant capacity and similar to L-ascorbic acid ($1.5{\mu}g/mL$). The cellular protective effects of C. halicacabum leaf extract and fractions on the $^1O_2$-induced cellular damage of human erythrocytes were exhibited at all concentration-dependent ($5.0-25.0{\mu}g/mL$). Especially, aglycone fraction (${\tau}_{50}$, 76.4 min) in $25.0{\mu}g/mL$ showed the most protective effect among extracts. Components of the ethyl acetate fraction obtained from C. halicacabum extracts were analyzed by TLC, HPLC chromatogram and LC/ESI-MS. Results showed that the ethyl acetate fraction contained some flavonoids, such as apigenin-7-O-glucuronide, apigenin-7-glucosdie and quercitrin hydrate. These results suggest that the extracts and fractions of C. halicacabum leaf may be applied as antioxidant functional cosmetic raw materials.