• Journal of Educational Research in Mathematics
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.463-483
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• 2003

In the learning of mathematics, students experience the semiotic activities of representing and interpreting mathematical signs. We called these activities as the representing and interpreting of mathematical signs. On the foundation of Peirce's three elements of the sign, we analysed that students constructed the representamen to interpret the concept of correlation as for the object, "as one is taller, one's size of foot is larger" 4 middle school students who participated the gifted center in Seoul, arranged the statistical data, constructed their own representamen, and then learned the conventional signs as a result of the whole class discussion. In the process, students performed the detailed representing and interpreting of signs, depended on the templates of the known signs, and interpreted the process voluntarily. As the semiotic activities were taken place in this way, it was needed that mathematics teacher guided the representing and interpreting of mathematical signs so that the representation and the meaning of the sign were constructed each other, and that students endeavored to get the negotiation of the interpretants and the representamens, and to reach the conventional representing.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.11 no.7
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• pp.478-488
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• 2011

The aims of this research are to form a research model for negotiations against leisure constraints, serious leisure activity, and the specialization of sports activity, verify the fitness of this model and define the relationship between the variables in the model. This research was taken on a population of 235 people in the commercial sports center in Seoul city in 2010, taking the members by voluntary, and analyzed them with purposive sampling. The research used AMOS 18.0 program to carry out a covariance structure analysis. The conclusions are as follows. First, serious leisure can be experienced when one puts effort in negotiating against the leisure constraints. Second, when one puts effort in negotiating against leisure constraints, progress is made in specialization of sports activity. Lastly, sports activity becomes more professionalized when one experiences serious leisure.

• Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.49-60
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• 2008

This study investigated the Oriental medicine knowledge and educational requirement of medical staff working in Oriental-Western collaborative medicine hospitals(except for Oriental and Western medicine doctors) based on the recognition that not only mutual understanding and cooperation between Oriental and Western medicine doctors but also the knowledge of Oriental medicine of medical support staff such as nurses, medical technologists, pharmacists and administrative staff are very important to promote Oriental-Western collaborative medical treatment. The study results are summarized as follows : First, it was found that the ratio of nurses who took Oriental medicine education was much higher than those of other groups. They took Oriental medicine education in the types of school curriculum (27.0%) and special lectures in workplace(20.4%). Second, many of the people who took Oriental medicine education were found to be not satisfied with the education in general - 32.7% of them answered the education content was "so so" and 48.4% of them answered "unsatisfactory." Third, the general necessity of Oriental medicine education was found to be an average of 3.60 out of 5, and the number was higher "after employment"(average=3.85) than "before employment"(average=3.04). Fourth, the study found that Oriental-Western collaborative medicine hospital staff are well aware of the necessity of the knowledge of Oriental medicine in the cases of communications between different occupational types, consultations with patients or their guardians, treatment and nursing and the establishment of the practice of specialized Oriental medicine institutes. Fifth, the levels of Oriental medicine knowledge showed a difference in average value according to the role range(p<0.000), and it was found that there is an interaction effect between occupation type and role range(p<0.015).

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.263-268
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• 1988

This paper presents dose distributions in water around Fletcher-Suit colpostat containing $^{137}Cs$ tube, and shielding effect of Internal lead shield. Using ready packed film, author measured dose distribution in water around the colpostat containing cesium source. Nine sheets of films on one side of the colpostat are packed with acryl frames cut out so as to fill water, and irradiated in water by cesium source in the colpostat. Dose distributions on transverse plane and upper plane 0.5cm from upper surface of the colpostat were measured. Shielding effect was greater in upper medial direction than in lower medial direction. And that was the greatest around $30^{\circ}$ from the axis of the colpostat on upper side and around $50^{\circ}$on lower side. In the region 7cm from the center of the colpostat, shielding efficiency was 0.23 to 0.35 on the lower $50^{\circ}$ and 0.26 to 0.42 on the upper $30^{\circ}$, and decreased with increase of distance.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.317-324
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• 2007

The application of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and fiber tractography to Wallerian degeneration (WD) is important because this technique is a very potent tools for quantitatively evaluating fiber tracts in vivo brain. We analyzed a case and control using tracts of interest (TOI) analysis to quantify WD. We scanned a case of old infarction and an age-matched healthy volunteer. T1 magnetization prepared rapid acquisition gradient echo (MPRAGE), fluid attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) and 12-direction diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) were obtained and analyzed using TOI analysis. The value of mean diffusity ($D_{av}$) and fracional anisotrophy (FA) were analyzed statistically by MWU test. A p-value of less than 0.05 was considered to indicate statistical significance. A comparison of the global fiber diffusion characteristics shows WD of both the corpus callosum and the ipsilateral superior longitudinal fasciculus. The corpus callosum in particular showed trans-hemispherical degeneration. Local fiber characteristics along the geodesic paths show WD in the corpus callosum, ipsilateral superior longitudinal fasciculus, ipsilateral corticospinal tract, and ipsilateral corticothalamic tract. We have demonstrated changes in $D_{av}$ and FA values and a clear correspondence with the WD in various tracts. TOI analysis successfully revealed radial WD in white matter tracts from a region of encephalomalacia and primary gliosis, although they were only slightly affected.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.807-819
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• 2020

The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between the motivation to participate in sports for elderly, the factors for fun, leisure satisfaction, and exercise persistence. In order to analyze the data, a total of 200 questionnaires were distributed to senior citizens participating in sports programs at the Senior Citizen Welfare Center in Seoul, and a total of 183 copies (91.5%) of data were used as valid samples excluding 17 unfaithful responses. For data processing, frequency analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, Cronbach's α, concentration validity, discriminant validity, concept reliability, correlation analysis, and structural equation model verification were performed using IBM AMOS 21.First, the motivation to participate in sports for the elderly influenced the fun factor. Second, the motivation to participate in sports for the elderly influenced leisure satisfaction. Third, the motivation to participate in sports for the elderly influenced the exercise continuation. Fourth, the fun factor of sports for the elderly influenced leisure satisfaction. Fifth, the fun factor of elderly sports influenced the exercise continuation. Sixth, the satisfaction of sports for the elderly affected the exercise continuation.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.1-16
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• 2012

Reproduction in ruminant species is a highly complex biological process requiring a dialogue between the developing conceptus (embryo-fetus and associated placental membranes) and maternal uterus which must be established during the peri-implantation period for pregnancy recognition signaling and regulation of gene expression by uterine epithelial and stromal cells. The uterus provide a microenvironment in which molecules secreted by uterine epithelia and transported into the uterine lumen represent histotroph, also known as the secretome, that are required for growth and development of the conceptus and receptivity of the uterus to implantation by the elongating conceptus. Pregnancy recognition signaling as related to sustaining the functional lifespan of the corpora lutea, is required to sustain the functional life-span of corpora lutea for production of progesterone which is essential for uterine functions supportive of implantation and placentation required for successful outcomes of pregnancy. It is within the peri-implantation period that most embryonic deaths occur in ruminants due to deficiencies attributed to uterine functions or failure of the conceptus to develop appropriately, signal pregnancy recognition and/or undergo implantation and placentation. The endocrine status of the pregnant ruminant and her nutritional status are critical for successful establishment and maintenance of pregnancy. The challenge is to understand the complexity of key mechanisms that are characteristic of successful reproduction in humans and animals and to use that knowledge to enhance fertility and reproductive health of ruminant species in livestock enterprises.

• Quality Improvement in Health Care
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.34-51
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• 2002

Background : The purpose for this study is to develop a critical pathway of bullectomy for spontaneous pneumothorax patients. Methods : For this study a conceptual framework of critical pathway was developed through a review of the literature including five critical pathways which are currently being used in USA, and opinions of the critical pathway development team members at Y university hospital. In order to identify the service contents required by these patients and to draw up a preliminary critical pathway, 33 cases of medical records of patients who had received bullectomy for spontaneous pneumothorax between September, 2000 to August, 2001 at the Respiratory Center of Y university hospital in Seoul was analyzed. Results : In order to test the clinical validity of the preliminary critical pathway, it was applied to ten patients who had received bullectomy for spontaneous pneumothorax from October, 2001 to December, 2001. The average discharge day was 4.89th post operation day, six patients discharged on the fourth post operation day which was the expected day, one patients discharged one day earlier than the expected day, one patient discharged three days later than the expected day, and one patient discharged six days later than the expected day. There were variances between the critical pathway and the actual practice. The variances came from tests, medications, and treatments. One item that showed variance in clinical applications was complemented, and three items were decided not to be corrected for the final determination of the critical pathway. Conclusion : This critical pathway is applicable to the care of patients with bullectomy for spontaneous pneumothorax, but it needs more clinical applications to grasp varied variances.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.108-114
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• 2015

Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine the effect on vital capacity (VC) and inspiratory muscle activation according to the anterior and posterior pelvic tilt positions. Design: One group pretest-posttest design. Methods: Twenty-six healthy adult men and women, age 19 to 27 years, volunteered to participate in this study. Forced vital capacity (FVC), and forced expiratory volume in 1 second ($FEV_1$) were measured by desktop spirometer in the pelvic positions during respiration, and muscle activation was recorded from sternocleidomastoid, upper trapezius, external intercostal, rectus abdominis, and external oblique muscles by surface electromyography (EMG) at the same time. EMG values were normalized by maximum muscle contractions (% maximum voluntary isometric contraction). Subjects were to breathe in as much air as possible and then exhale as quickly as possible in both anterior and posterior pelvic tilt positions. To measure lung capacity, inspiration was measured for 5 seconds and expiration was measured for 7 seconds with data collection taken place during the middle three seconds. Lung capacities were measured in each position three times. Results: For the results of this study, there was a significant increase in both FVC and $FEV_1$ values during the anterior pelvic tilting compared to the posterior pelvic tilting posture (p<0.05). The sternocleidomastoid, upper trapezius muscle, rectus abdominus and external oblique muscle activation was significantly increased during anterior pelvic tilt compared to the posterior pelvic tilt position (p<0.05). Conclusions: These findings suggest that pelvic anterior tilt position could be more effective for vital capacity and respiratory muscles activation during respiration.

• Journal of the Korean Society of School Health
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.37-44
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• 1994

This study is designed to shed light on the current status of school health education in Korea and identify its problems. The findings of this study among other things pointed out that health education should be awarded the status on an independent subject in a bid to activate school health education and cope with its problems. Thus for efforts focused on the needs for establishing health education as an independent course as well as for enhancing the awareness of its importance. At this stage further efforts are needed to develop in-depth discussions and add greater variety to the curriculum. Firstly efforts should be made to recognize the health status of students at all levels, i.d., from kindergarten through university. Particulary at this stage when the entire society is going through changes in the types of health problems and disease pattern, the outcome of analyses on the types of health problems and health-related behavior can be used as basic data for framing the contents of school health education. Secondly more active efforts are required to single out the contents of health education and develop health education curricula assessment based on the findings of surveys on that of health education needs. Thirdly the development of school health education curriculum should be accompanied by that of more effective educational methods and materials. In particular, further efforts should be made to develop educational methods designed to make wider use of audio-visual equipments or apply behavior modification techniques so that school health education will be adapted to changed educational environment and the characteristics of health education. Fourthly and most importantly the training and production competent health education teachers is needed. This should be preceded by the amendment of relevant laws and administrative systems.