• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.58 no.4
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• pp.421-430
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• 2020

This study aimed to investigate whether mass drug administration (MDA) intervention has an equivalent effect on reducing the prevalence and intensity of Schistosoma haematobium infection regardless of the baseline values. A repeated cross-sectional survey was performed targeting students of 12 primary schools in Al Jabalain and El Salam districts of White Nile State, Sudan, at both 1 week before and 8 months after the MDA. Prior to the baseline survey, schoolaged children in Al Jabalain had received MDA interventions twice in 4 years, while those in El Salam had not. The baseline prevalence was 9.1% in Al Jabalain and 35.2% in El Salam, which were reduced to 1.8% and 5.5% at 8 months after the MDA, respectively. The corresponding reduction rates were 80.3% and 84.4%, not significant difference between both districts. However, changes in the geometric mean intensity (GMI) of egg counts were significantly different between both districts. The baseline GMIs were 14.5 eggs per 10 ml of urine (EP10) in Al Jabalain and 18.5 EP10 in El Salam, which were reduced to 7.1 and 11.2 EP10 after treatment, respectively. The corresponding reduction rates were 51.0% and 39.5%. In conclusion, MDA interventions were found to bring about similar relative reduction in prevalence regardless of the baseline value; however, the relative reduction in infection intensity was more salient in the district with a low baseline value for both prevalence and intensity. This clearly points to the importance of repeated MDA interventions in endemic areas, which will eventually contribute to schistosomiasis elimination.

• The Korean Journal of Coaching Psychology
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.93-114
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• 2022

The purpose of this study is to investigate whether there was a difference between men and women in conceptualizing a calling in childrearing through social network analysis. The results are as follows. IAs a result of the study, it was found that mothers showed significantly larger networks and higher density than fathers did, indicating that mothers, more than fathers do, experience parenting and child-rearing based more on a concept of calling in childrearing. Parents directly linked responsibility, children's growth, direction, commitment, and parental character to a calling in childrearing. In addition, mothers also linked a sense of identity and parental growth to it. In the case of fathers, only four concepts were directly connected with a calling in childrearing. This shows that mothers, in comparison to fathers, connect essential self-concepts, such as identity as a parent and themes of growth, to a calling in childrearing. In centrality, similar concepts also were evaluated as important. The common parental closeness centrality is composed of responsibility, child growth, direction, and belief starting from the center. In the case of fathers, child growth, responsibility, and belief were evaluated in order, and in the case of mothers, responsibility, parental growth, and identity were evaluated as relatively important concepts.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.7-15
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• 2002

Purpose: To analyze the learning objectives and test items for Fundamentals in Nursing which were established between 1999 and 2000 and to develop these items toward a nationwide faculty workshop for national board examination for Korean nurses Results: 1. According to Bloom's taxonomy, learning objectives established in 1999 mainly consisted of two domains, comprehension (56 1%) and knowledge (27.7%). The learning objectives established in 2000, mainly consisted of comprehension (45.2%) and application (25.4%). 2. According to McGuire's taxonomy, domain of test items established in 1999 consisted of recall (66.7%). interpretation (28.0%) and problem solving (4.9%). Domain of test items established in 2000, consisted of recall (65.1%), interpretation (22.0%) and problem solving (12.9%). 3. The proportion of learning objectives in the knowledge and comprehension domains established in 200, decreased from 27.7% to 13.5%, and from 56.1% to 45.2% respectively over that of 1999. But the domain of application Increased from 5.3% to 25.4% over that of 1999. 4. With regard to McGuire's taxonomy, the proportion for the recall and interpretation domains established in 2000 decreased from 66 7% to 65.1%, and from 28.0% to 22.0% respectively. But the proportion for the problem solving domain increased from 4.9% to 12.9% over that of 1999. For type of test items, the proportion of A type established in 2000 decreased from 47.2% to 37 6%, and K type increased from 52.1% to 60.8% over that of 1999. Conclusion: The learning objectives and test items established in 2000 showed remarkable improvement compared to those established in 1999. For better learning objectives and test items in Fundamentals of Nursing, further research is recommended on essential content and standardization of job analysis for national board examination for nurses in Korea.

• Korean Journal of Occupational Health Nursing
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.80-88
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• 2003

Rehabilitation has emerged in recent years as major topic for the handicaped in industrial accident compensation insurance(IACI). Specially social support helps the handicaped adjust themselves psychosocially to handicap. This study was conducted to examine different contents and perceived social support, and provide guidlines for specific and proper rehabilitation for the handicaped of IACI. This study is a descriptive study which were collected through two phases using structured questionnaire. In the first stage, surveys were performed via telephone interviews. In the second stage, surveys were performed via home-visit subjects in the first stage included the handicaped of IACI. Finally data were collected from 338 subjects and analyzes by SPSS/PC+10. The instruments of this study were the perceived social support scale which developed by Lee(1996). These scales in the form of 5-point Likert type, consists of 20 items, including 3 subscales of emotional support, informational support, instrumental support. The mean score of social support was 57.2, emotional support 21.0, informational support 21.2 and instrumental support 15.2. The mean of depression for psychosocial factors is 37.5. Threre were significant differences in total perceived social support; age, job status, handicaped degree in IACI, post-traumatic complication and use of instrument. Emotional support was significant differences; age, number of dependent family, job status, handicaped degree in IACI, use of instrument and depression. Informational support was significant differences; job status, posttraumatic complication, use of instrument and depression. Instrumental support was significant differences; sex, job status, handicaped degree in IACI, use of instrument, and depression. The current system of the Labor Welfare institute is not appropriate for solving health problems of the handicaped in IACI. Therefore, it is necessary to develop the plan which can provide the handicaped in IACI high-quality rehabilitation services, so that they must use those services in the community without being dependent on hospitals. This study proposes home visit nursing services as the way to provide various health services within community for the handicaped in IACI.

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.226-236
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• 2021

Objectives: Concerns have been raised about the possible health effects of radon on both workers and consumers with the spread of social attention to the impact of radon exposure. Thus, an entire raw material handling workshop was investigated, and standards for radon levels in the workplace were newly established at 600 Bq/m³. However, regulations on the management of workers exposed to radon are still insufficiently developed. Therefore, by comparative analysis of overseas and domestic radon-related regulations for workplaces, this study aims to suggest improvement plans of protection regulations under the Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSH Act) for the prevention of health disorders of radon-exposed workers. Methods: For overseas case studies, we consulted radon-related laws and reports officially published on the websites of the European Union (EU), the United States (U.S.) and the United Kingdom (UK) government agencies. Domestic law studies were conducted mainly on the Act on Protective Action Guidelines against Radiation in the Natural Environment and the OSH Act. Results: In Europe, the basic safety standards for protection against risks arising from radon (Council Directive 2013/59/EURATOM of 5 December 2013) was established by the EU. They recommend that the Member States manage radon level in workplaces based on this criterion. In the U.S., the standards for workplaces are controlled by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) and the Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA). Action on radon in the UK is specified in "Radon in the workplace" published by the Health and Safety Executive (HSE). Conclusions: The Act on Protective Action Guidelines against Radiation in the Natural Environment mainly refers to the management of workplaces that use or handle raw materials but does not have any provisions in terms of protecting naturally exposed workers. In the OSH Act, it is necessary to define whether radon is included in radiation for that reason that its current regulations have limitations in ensuring the safety workers who may be exposed to naturally occurring radon. The management standards are needed for workplaces that do not directly deal with radon but are likely to be exposed to radon. We propose that this could be specified in the regulations for the prevention of health damage caused by radiation, not in Article 125 of the OSH Act.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.113-122
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is to compare soil $CO_2$ efflux between burned and unburned sites dominated by Pinus densiflora forest in the Samcheok area where a big forest fire broke out along the east coast in 2000 and to measure soil $CO_2$ efflux and environmental factors between March 2011 and February 2012. Soil $CO_2$ efflux was measured with LI-6400 once a month; the soil temperature at 10 cm depth, air temperature, and soil moisture contents were measured in continuum. Soil $CO_2$ efflux showed the maximum value in August 2011 as 417.8 mg $CO_2m^{-2}h^{-1}$ (at burned site) and 1175.1 mg $CO_2m^{-2}h^{-1}$ (at unburned site), while it showed the minimum value as 41.4 mg $CO_2m^{-2}h^{-1}$ (at burned site) in December 2011 and 42.7 mg $CO_2m^{-2}h^{-1}$ (at unburned site) in February 2012. The result showed the high correlation between soil $CO_2$ efflux and the seasonal changes in temperature. More specifically, soil temperature showed higher correlation with soil $CO_2$ efflux in the burned site ($R^2$ = 0.932, P < 0.001) and the unburned site ($R^2$ = 0.942, P < 0.001) than the air temperature in the burned site ($R^2$ = 0.668, P < 0.01) and the unburned site ($R^2$ = 0.729, P < 0.001). $Q_{10}$ values showed higher sensitivity in the unburned site (4.572) than in the burned site (2.408). The total soil $CO_2$ efflux was obtained with the exponential function between soil $CO_2$ efflux and soil temperature during the research period, and it showed 2.5 times higher in the unburned site (35.59 t $CO_2ha^{-2}yr^{-1}$, 1 t = $10^3$ kg) than in the burned site (14.69 t $CO_2ha^{-2}yr^{-1}$).

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.85-95
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• 1972

For the purpose to clarify the effects of nursing, intervention with comfort measures which promote rest, exercise and sleep on the patient′s rehabilitation, this study was carried out on 119 postoperative patients at St. Mary′s Hospital, the National Medical Center and Seoul Red Cross Hospital during the 9 months period from March 1971 to November 1971. In this study one experimental nursing approach was utilized; an emphasis on interpersonal techniques along with physical care-comfort measures. A daily evening care including support and instruction was given to facilitate interaction of nursing to the experimental group by the investigator. For the control group, routine hospital nursing care was performed. The nursing observation was followed for 4 days postoperatively and recorded in check list. The results of the findings were as follows. 1. 3.5% of control group and 32.3% of experimental group got out of bed within 24 hours postoperatively. 38.6% of control group got out of bed within 72 hours postoperatively where only 16.1% of the experimental group did (x$^2$= 19.865, p<0.005). Interaction in nursing is, in turn, significantly more effective than the usual routine care in improving rate of healing. 2. The irritations and tension that may interfere patient′s sleep and rest at night can be reduced to a minimum if nursing environment is better controlled with planned nursing care for individual patient. Various treatments which tend to give patient discomfort may preferably be performed before 6 p.m. if not absolutely indicated. 3. During 4 days of observation the patients without administration of sedatives and analgesics postoperatively were 25.9% in the experimental group where as 10.5% in the control group. The frequency of administration of sedatives and analgesics in average was 1.4 in the experimental group, and 2.0 in the control group. This indicates that not all postoperative discomforts expressed by the patients should be regarded as incision pain, and those discomforts could be relieved to a certain extent by nursing interventions effectively. 4. There were significant differences between the responses to nursing care given in the experimental group and 33% of the control group in average through 4 days of observation responded "good". 3.6% of the experimental group and 17. 1% of the control group responded "poor" in this study. It was recommended that the study be replicated in a more defined and controlled manner. Some alternative areas for investigation were suggested.

• Korea Journal of Hospital Management
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.1-24
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to find the factors affecting the bum out syndrome and its degree in terms of personal, organizational and clients characteristics, and then to find the ways to reduce or eliminate those factors. The 228 doctors and the nurses who worked at the emergency departments in 6 general hospitals with more than 700 beds in Seoul were surveyed from April 15, 2002 for 15 days. A structured self-recording questionnaire was used; the t-test and ANOVA was used to analyse the median difference between the occupation, and multiple regression was employed to find the factors affecting the bum-out syndrome. The summary of this research analysis is as follows : First, of several variables, the highest frequency of the burn-out was the emotional burn-out followed by lack in personal touch toward the patients, decrease in sense of personal achievement. These results indicate that the doctors and nurses in emergency departments experience higher degree of burn-out than the social workers and the nurses who work at other departments in heath care environment as other studies revealed. Second, the analysis of the total burn-out factors showed the lower self respect, younger age, heavier work load, higher dissatisfaction rate toward remuneration and not-so-smooth relationship with the patients and their relatives the higher burn out rate. These variables explained 54% of the total variables. Third, the nurses experienced more burn-out syndrome than the doctors. The degree of self-respect, work pattern, relationship with the clients, age and remuneration were the causes of the burn-out. The doctors recorded lack in personal touch toward the patients more, while the nurses more to emotional exhaustion. The limitations of this research are the subjective answers of the respondents to certain questions and differences in sample numbers of each hospital in which some reservation can be exercised in explaining statistical significance of the data, and generalizing the conclusion. Despite of its limitation, this research has its own merit as an unpreceded research in this field, and provision of the basic materials to prevent and find causes of the burn-out syndrome among the doctors and nurses in the emergency departments.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.34.2-35
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• 2018

Galaxy transition from star-forming to quiescent, accompanied with morphology transformation, is one of the key unresolved issues in extragalactic astronomy. Although several environmental mechanisms have been proposed, a deeper understanding of the impact of environment on galaxy transition still requires much exploration. My Ph.D. thesis focuses on which environmental mechanisms are primarily responsible for galaxy transition in different environments and looks at what happens during the transition phase using multi-wavelength photometric/spectroscopic data, from UV to mid-infrared (MIR), derived from several large surveys (GALEX, SDSS, and WISE) and our GMOS-North IFU observations. Our multi-wavelength approach provides new insights into the *late* stages of galaxy transition with a definition of the MIR green valley different from the optical green valley. I will present highlights from three areas in my thesis. First, through an in-depth study of environmental dependence of various properties of galaxies in a nearby supercluster A2199 (Lee et al. 2015), we found that the star formation of galaxies is quenched before the galaxies enter the MIR green valley, which is driven mainly by strangulation. Then, the morphological transformation from late- to early-type galaxies occurs in the MIR green valley. The main environmental mechanisms for the morphological transformation are galaxy-galaxy mergers and interactions that are likely to happen in high-density regions such as galaxy groups/clusters. After the transformation, early-type MIR green valley galaxies keep the memory of their last star formation for several Gyr until they move on to the next stage for completely quiescent galaxies. Second, compact groups (CGs) of galaxies are the most favorable environments for galaxy interactions. We studied MIR properties of galaxies in CGs and their environmental dependence (Lee et al. 2017), using a sample of 670 CGs identified using a friends-of-friends algorithms. We found that MIR [3.4]-[12] colors of CG galaxies are, on average, bluer than those of cluster galaxies. As CGs are located in denser regions, they tend to have larger early-type galaxy fractions and bluer MIR color galaxies. These trends can also be seen for neighboring galaxies around CGs. However, CG members always have larger early-type fractions and bluer MIR colors than their neighboring galaxies. These results suggest that galaxy evolution is faster in CGs than in other environments and that CGs are likely to be the best place for pre-processing. Third, post-starburst galaxies (PSBs) are an ideal laboratory to investigate the details of the transition phase. Their spectra reveal a phase of vigorous star formation activity, which is abruptly ended within the last 1 Gyr. Numerical simulations predict that the starburst, and thus the current A-type stellar population, should be localized within the galaxy's center (< kpc). Yet our GMOS IFU observations show otherwise; all five PSBs in our sample have Hdelta absorption line profiles that extend well beyond the central kpc. Most interestingly, we found a negative correlation between the Hdelta gradient slopes and the fractions of the stellar mass produced during the starburst, suggesting that stronger starbursts are more centrally-concentrated. I will discuss the results in relation with the origin of PSBs.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.713-717
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• 1999

In order to utilize protein hydrolysate produced from hoki (Johnius Belengeri) frame among many different fish processing wastes, hoki frame peptide (PHFP) and phosphorylated hoki frame peptide (PHFP) were prepared, and their calcium absorption accelerating effects were investigated in comparison to control and casein phosphopeptide (CPP). In in vitro experiment, HFP and PHFP inhibited calcium phosphate formation as high as 1.5-fold and 2.5-fold, respectively, comparing to control, In addition, the inhibition rate of calcium phosphate precipitation as increasing concentrations of HFP and PHFP was risen and was similar to that of CPP at 2.0 mg/ml of PHFP concentration, In in vivo experiment using the rats, the groups fed HFP and PHFP indicated significantly increased calcium content in the femur. In particular, the calcium content in the small intestine of the rat fed PHFP was higher than that of control group by approximately $60\%$.