• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.66-72
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• 2010

Pediococcus pentosaceus SA131 was isolated from jeotgal, is the bacteriocin producer against bovine mastitis pathogens, Streptococcus uberis E290, Enterococcus gallinarum E362, and Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC 12228. The medium composition for pediocin SA131 production by P. pentosaceus SA131 was optimized using response surface methodology. Component of medium was studied as carbon source (glucose, fructose, lactose, glycerol, sucrose, maltose, and mannitol), nitrogen source (beef extract, yeast extract, peptone, malt extract, and tryptone), mineral and surfactant ($MgSO_4$, $KH_2PO_4$, $(NH_4)_2SO_4$, $MnSO_4$, NaCl, sodium acetate, and Tween 80). Through one factor-at-a-time experiment, glucose, fructose, yeast extract, malt extract, NaCl, $MgSO_4$, and Tween 80 were determined as the good ingredient. The effects of major factors for pediocin SA131 production were investigated by two-level fractional factorial designs (FFD). By a $2^4$ FFD, fructose, yeast extract, and $MnSO_4$ were found to be the important factors for the bacteriocin production. Subsequently, a $2^3$ central composite design (CCD) was adopted to derive a statistical model for optimizing the composition of the fermentation medium. The estimated optimum composition for the production of pediocin SA131 by P. pentosaceus SA131 was as follows; 0.13% fructose, 1% glucose, 1.8% yeast extract, 2.58% $MnSO_4$, 0.2% NaCl, and 0.2% Tween 80. The pediocin production under optimized medium was increased to 1,000 AU/mL, compared to the 400 AU/mL in MRS medium.

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.61-66
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• 2009

Effects of aqueous ammonia soaking treatments to yellow poplar (Liriodendron tulipifera L.) were investigated to focus on chemical compositional changes and enzymatic hydrolysis characteristics changes by this treatment. Treatment temperature and time were main variables. At 3 different levels of aqueous ammonia soaking temperature and time ($145^{\circ}C$ -1 h, $90^{\circ}C$ -16 h and $45^{\circ}C$ - 6 days), lower temperature and longer soaking time led to more xylan removal based on carbohydrate compositional analysis. However, at higher temperature treatment led to more enzymatic saccharification of cellulose to glucose by commercial cellulose mixtures (Celluclast 1.5L and Novozym 342 from Novozyme, Denmark). Cellulose hydrolysis was gradually increased with increasing enzymatic hydrolysis time but xylan hydrolysis was leveled out at early stage (less than 10 h) of enzymatic hydrolysis.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.261-268
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• 2016

In this paper, dual-polarized monopulse cassegrain antenna for W-band millimeter-wave seeker was proposed and the performances were verified by the measured results of the fabricated antenna. Dual-polarized monopulse Cassegrain antenna consists of main/subreflector, dual-polarized feed horn and monopulse comparator. The proposed feed horn has $2{\times}2$ array square waveguide feeding structure to make monopulse signals and it was designed using 90 degree rotational symmetric structure to receive dual-polarized signals. At the sum and difference channel, the measured vertical and horizontal polarization radiation pattern were similar. Measurement gains are 35.1 dBi for v-pol. and 35.6 dBi for h-pol. at the center frequency with 0.5dBi difference between each polarization and the side lobe level is below -21.6 dB.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.54 no.1
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• pp.53-68
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• 2004

The purposes of this study were to classify the contents of lifestyle of adolescence consumers, to examine the differences of lifestyle, importance of store attribute, preference of fashion store according to demographic variables, to test preference of fashion store and lifestyle, preference of fashion store, and to examine how the preference of fashion store was influenced by lifestyle, importance of store attribute, and demographic variables. Subjects were 317 adolescence consumers(13-24 years) in Seoul, Korea. Preference of imported & brand goods, orientation of fashion & beauty life, and family orientation had a direct effect on preference of department store($R^2$=.129). Sex had an indirect effect on preference of department store through orientation of fashion & beauty life. Search of video media & information and age(-) had a direct effect on preference of entertainment shopping center($R^2$=.150). Orientation of fashion & beauty life(-), sales promotion, sex, and reasonable consumption had a direct effect on preference of discount store(R =$^2$.109). Sex(-) had an indirect discount store through orientation of fashion & beauty life, and sex(-), search of video media & information, age(-), and reasonable consumption did through sales promotion. Sales promotion, preference of imported & brand goods(-), and store atmosphere(-) had a direct effect on preference of traditional market($R^2$=.060). Sex(-), age(-), search of video media & information, and reasonable consumption had an indirect effect on preference of traditional market through sales promotion, and search of video media & information, reasonal consumption, and acceptance of foreign culture did through store atmosphere.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.6 no.6
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• pp.56-71
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• 2003

Waste landfills have been the center of environmental problems and they must be restored due to environmental pollution, disgusting landscape, and cost of management. It is suggested that they be recycled urban space as cities expand. Specially, nonsanitary waste landfills which have no pollution prevention facilities cause serious problems. Restoring the landfills as parks and golf courses, so on makes more benefits because of cheap use land, closeness to urban area, flat topography applicable to parks and golf courses, and high land values after restoration and the changes to local recreation sites. Restoration of waste landfills is a complex, costly, and interdisciplinary work. But, the waste landfill is a manmade ecosystem. Control, restoration and postmanagement of waste landfills are very important problems. The role of vegetation prevents soil erosion, reduces soil water storage, and obstructs leachate seepage. Early restoration makes derelict lands into man park artificially geared to soil, vegetation, landforms and hydrology. But, Ideal restoration is to make stable ecosystem nature-friendly and compatible with surrounding landscape without more management. Landscape is structured hierarchically with patches and stands as small components and forms forest as large components. Therefore, landscape formation of the waste landfills needs much restoration process. There are many ecological restoration techniques for the waste landfills. Those are divided into artificial and natural methods. The artificial method is anthropogenic plantings while the natural method is to trigger and use succession processes. The most important thing in the restoration of waste landfills is to consider the final restoration objectives of each waste landfill. According to these objectives, the depth of covering layer, planting degree, and structural design should be determined. The effective restoration methods should be selected of artificial and natural options.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.2 no.4
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• pp.399-410
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• 1991

New separation process was developed for the preparation of storage-stable liquid dyes. The extent of aggregation of dye molecules was measured with respect to storage time of liquid dyes under different salt environments. Hollow-fiber membranes were modified by immobilization of inorganic crystals onto the surface of membrane. Using surface-treated membranes, counter diffusion technology was introduced to selectively remove salts from dye solution. The separation factors were 10-700, and the loss of dye molecules was less than 0.4 %. Membrane permeabilities for sodium ions($U_{M,Na}$) and dye molecules($U_{M,Dye}$) were found to be 2.75 and $0.72l/m^2/hr$, respectively, in the case of surface-treated membranes. The effects of various operating parameters on desalting efficiency were also investigated.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.79-84
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• 2012

Combustion characteristics of outdoor advertisement materials were evaluated for fire risk assessment about fire expanding. At this study, the flame retardancy and the limiting oxygen index (LOI) was measured by UL 94 and ASTM D 2863 respectively. At the result of flame retardancy, foamex was V-0 grade and those of others were out of grade. LOI measurement showed that the LOI of foamex was highest in the samples. The cone calorimeter test was done by ISO 5660-1 to find the combustion characteristics. The cone calorimeter test showed that the outdoor advertisement materials were not good to prevent of fire expanding. The time to ignition (TTI) of flex was the fastest and the peak heat release rate (PHRR) as well as the total heat release (THR) of acrylic panel was higher than those of others.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.50 no.7
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• pp.467-473
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• 2017

Recently as algae phenomenon has been intensified, the need for additional dam flushing has been raised. To establish the more rational policies concerning the dam flushing, it is necessary to evaluate the dam flushing. This paper attempts to examine households' willingness to pay (WTP) for dam flushing by using a contingent valuation (CV). Especially, unlike other CV studies which used maximum likelihood estimation (MLE), this study employed Bayesian approach. This study surveyed a randomly selected sample of 1,000 households nation-widely, and asked respondents questions in person-to-person interviews about how they would be willing to pay for the additional dam flushing. Respondents overall accepted the contingent market and were willing to contribute a significant amount (1,909.4 won), on average, per household per year. The aggregate value amounts to approximately 35.7 billion won per year.

• Journal of Engineering Education Research
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.30-37
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to examine the difference of problem-solving ability according to student's level of self-efficacy. Participants were 72 junior students who took the course 'Environmental Instrumental Analysis'. Before the PBL activities, students were given the self-efficacy tests to all students. Among them, 44 students(30% of each high and low ranking) were selected and encouraged to complete pre-problem solving tests. The PBL was conducted for 12 weeks using blended learning strategies. After the PBL, 44students completed post-problem solving tests. Results showed that there were differences of problem-solving ability according to student's level of self-efficacy. From the results, instructional strategies for promoting students' self-efficacy should be employed for enhancing problem-solving ability in PBL activities.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.321-331
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to investigate the difference of body composition and IADL of between male elder and female elder. (This study consisted of elder male(n=10) and elder female(n=10),) The mean age of elder male and female was 67.20, 67.50 years. The data were analyzed with t-test, using SPSS PC+ program. Body composition was measured using Inbody 2.0(seoul, korea) of segmental multi-frequency impedance analyzer technique. IADL was measured with Philadelphia Geriatric Center IADL. The result of this study were the following: 1. The difference of Body composition 1) The %fat of elder female was significantly(p<0.05) higher than elder male by 11.48%. 2) The fat mass(kg) of elder female was significantly(p<0.05) higher than elder male by 6.28kg. 3) The free fat mass(kg) of elder male was significantly(p<0.05) higher than elder female by 9.03kg. 4) The muscle mass(kg) of elder male was significantly(p<0.05) higher than elder female by 8.63kg. 5) The WHR(%) elder female was no significantly higher than elder male by 0.03%. 6) The TBW(l) of elder male was significantly(p<0.05) higher than elder female by 6.321. The factor of significant difference of between elder male and female was %fat, fat mass(kg), free fat mass(kg), total body water(l). 2. The difference of IADL 1) IADL of elder male was no significantly higher than elder female by 1.20. As a result of this study, optimal body composition group was elder male group. Optimal body composition of elder had improved IADL. In addition to, this result of this study, it can suggested the consideration of the Health promotion program for elder.