• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2013.08a
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• pp.77.1-77.1
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• 2013

Atomic layer deposition (ALD) is known for its self-limiting reaction, which offers atomic-level controllability of the growth of thin films for a wide range of applications. The self-limiting mechanism leads to very useful properties, such as excellent uniformity over a large area and superior conformality on complex structures. These unique features of ALD provide promising opportunities for future electronics. Although the ALD of Al2O3 film (using trimethyl-aluminum and water as a metal precursor and oxygen source, respectively) can be regarded as a representative example of an ideal ALD based on the completely self-limiting reaction, there are many cases deviating from the ideal ALD reaction in recently developed ALD processes. The nonconventional aspects of the ALD reactions may strongly influence the various properties of the functional materials grown by ALD, and the lack of comprehension of these aspects has made ALD difficult to control. In this respect, several dominant factors that complicate ALD reactions, including the types of metal precursors, non-metal precursors (oxygen sources or reducing agents), and substrates, will be discussed in this presentation. Several functional materials for future electronics, such as higher-k dielectrics (TiO2, SrTiO3) for DRAM application, and resistive switching materials (NiO) for RRAM application, will be addressed in this talk. Unwanted supply of oxygen atoms from the substrate or other component oxide to the incoming precursors during the precursor pulse step, and outward diffusion of substrate atoms to the growing film surface even during the steady-state growth influenced the growth, crystal structure, and properties of the various films.

• Journal of muscle and joint health
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.181-187
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• 2007

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to identify the relationship between obesity and bone mineral density in middle aged women. Methods: A cross-sectional survey design was utilized with a check list and physiological measurements. A total of 827 convenient samples were recruited from women who lived in the community. Bone mineral density was measured by T-score using the pixi method of Lumar on the left heel. Descriptive statistics and pearson correlation coefficient were utilized for data analysis. Results: Most were assessed as having normal weight(37.9%) or obese (57.4%) by BMI. Only 32% was assessed as having normal bone mineral density, while 40.3% had osteopenia, and 27.7% as osteoporosis. The BMI scores were significantly related to age, and episodes of fractures. Those with lower bone mineral density reported significantly more episodes of fractures and chronic disease. The T scores of Bone mineral density were significantly correlated with the scores of BMI (r= .126, p< .001). Conclusion: There is a strong need to develop intervention programs for this age group to manage bone mineral density loss to prevent occurrences of osteoporosis, and episodes of fracture.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.1-12
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• 1975

In this study, warmth and cold-indices were calculated from the climatic records for 30 year from 1931 to 1960 observed at the 80 weather stations as illustrated in Table 1 and Figs. 4 and 5. Iso-warmth index and iso-cold index lines were carefully tracked. However, subjectivity might be involved in this delimitation. The well recognized phenomena of phenology, the natural distribution of specified tree species and potentially cultivable zones of some species of economic importance were discussed with regard to these indices. It is seemed that the forest zones of Korea accepted commonly by foresters and researchers were more rationally matched with the cold indices rather than warmth indices. The forest improvement works by introduction, planting works and other related fields could be refered to these data.

• Journal of the Korean BIBLIA Society for library and Information Science
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.91-107
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• 2010

This study was conducted to grasp senior education programs with the purpose of providing senior education services and researching program development of public libraries for elderly population of an aging society. Senior education programs provided by 33 Senior Welfare Centers and 41 public libraries in Seoul were compared in terms of, 6 subjects such as health, literacy/education, information education, death preparation education, hobbies and employment/volunteer. The Senior Welfare Center provided much more senior programs, whereas the public libraries appeared that the number of institutions participating in senior services was very few, and the program provision for elderly population appeared to be extremely insufficient. A specific course schedule of the program of 'making of a happiness map' of death preparation education, which is one theme among them, was developed.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.50-60
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• 2003

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to evaluate the factors which are related to the maternal role performance of first-time mother to improve the health of infant. Specifically a basic hypothetical model was developed based on the previous study about a model of social networks. Method : The survey was done from January to February in 2001. Total 257 mothers who have four to twelve month old first-time baby was interviewed in five community health center around country(Seoul, Choung-ju, Asan, Cheon-an, Jeju). Finally 247 data was analyzed. Data analysis was done with LISREL 8.20 program for covariance structural analysis. Results : Compared to the hypothetical model, the revised model has become parsimonious and had a better fit to the data ($X^2=167.55$ (p값=.00), $x^2/df=1.48$, GFI=0.97, AGFI=0.95, RMR=0.049, NFI=0.98, NNFI=0.99, CN=222.53). All predictive variables of the maternal role of first-time mother explained 30% of total variance in model. Social network structural characteristics and social network interactional characteristics had significant effect on the emotional support and the information support. And social network interactional characteristics had significant effect on the service support, material support and social companionship support. The service support and social companion ship support had significant effect on the maternal role strain. The emotional support and the social companion ship support had significant effect on the maternal role of first-time mother. Conclusion : As the conclusion of this study, there is in need of the developing the programmes focussed on the social network for the first-time mother.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Railway
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.468-479
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• 2016

In order to supply power to online monitoring systems that are attached to high voltage catenary or overhead wires, a wireless power transfer system is required that is able to transmit power over the insulation gap. Such wireless power transfer systems have transmitter and receiver coils that have diameters of over 10cm. This paper focused on an investigation of the sources of loss in the coils when the coils are fabricated using printed circuit board technology. Using finite element simulation results, it has been shown that the dielectric loss in the substrate was the dominant source of the total loss. It has been demonstrated that the selection of a proper dielectric material was the most critical factor in reducing the loss. For further reduction of the loss, the distributed tuning capacitor method and the slotting of the inter-turn spaces have been proposed. For the evaluation of the proposed methods, four coils have been fabricated and their equivalent series resistances and quality factors were measured. Measured quality factors were greater than 300, which means that these devices will be helpful in achieving high coil-to-coil efficiency.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.143-153
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• 2019

Background: Ginseng is one of the well-known medicinal plants, exhibiting diverse medicinal effects. Its roots possess anticancer and antiaging properties and are being used in the medical systems of East Asian countries. It is grown in low-light and low-temperature conditions, and its growth is strongly inhibited at temperatures above $25^{\circ}C$. However, the molecular responses of ginseng to heat stress are currently poorly understood, especially at the protein level. Methods: We used a shotgun proteomics approach to investigate the effect of heat stress on ginseng leaves. We monitored their photosynthetic efficiency to confirm physiological responses to a high-temperature stress. Results: The results showed a reduction in photosynthetic efficiency on heat treatment ($35^{\circ}C$) starting at 48 h. Label-free quantitative proteome analysis led to the identification of 3,332 proteins, of which 847 were differentially modulated in response to heat stress. The MapMan analysis showed that the proteins with increased abundance were mainly associated with antioxidant and translation-regulating activities, whereas the proteins related to the receptor and structural-binding activities exhibited decreased abundance. Several other proteins including chaperones, G-proteins, calcium-signaling proteins, transcription factors, and transfer/carrier proteins were specifically downregulated. Conclusion: These results increase our understanding of heat stress responses in the leaves of ginseng at the protein level, for the first time providing a resource for the scientific community.

• Journal of International Area Studies (JIAS)
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.55-74
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• 2018

With the advent of multicultural society, many countries have come to the point of considering a fundamental revision or review of their previously established national identity and social constitution principles. This situation often generates conflicts and controversies between advocates of tradition and promotors of multiculturalism. In this article we will look at the case of France and Brazil and discuss how these two countries maintain, discard or fundamentally modify their traditional social integration model in the face of the multicultural challenges(racism, racial discrimination and integration/coexistence of immigrants of different cultural backgrounds), and examine the controversial aspects surrounding it. In particular, focusing our eyes on racial/ethnic statistics debates in both countries, we will try to compare the cases between that of adoption of multicultural alternative model(Brazil) and the case of rejection/retention(France) to find out some political meanings imbedded in those cases.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.255-265
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• 2019

This study aimed to examine the quality characteristics of fermented milk, Mozzarella cheese, and Gouda cheese from Jersey and Holstein milk. The fermented milk, Mozzarella cheese, and Gouda cheese made from the Jersey breed exhibited higher fat, calcium, and phosphorous contents than those from the Holstein breed. The proportion of saturated fatty acids such as palmitic acid and stearic acid was higher in dairy products made from Jersey than those made from Holstein, as was the component ratio of unsaturated fatty acids containing oleic acid and linoleic acid. In the sensory evaluations of fermented milk and Mozzarella cheese, the preference scores of products from Jersey were lower in color, flavor, texture, taste, and general preference than those from Holstein. In terms of sensory preference, it is considered that Jersey milk may be more appropriate for ripened cheese than fermented milk and fresh cheese. Therefore, Jersey milk is expected to contribute to the diversification of dairy products and to provide consumers with high quality nutrition.

• Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.101-126
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• 2022

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the implementation experiences of the 「2019 revised Nuri curriculum」 of early childhood education teachers and special education teachers at inclusive child care and education centers. Methods: Individual interviews with 14 teachers at seven inclusive settings in Seoul were conducted. The collected data were transcribed, and six categories and 42 sub-themes in early childhood education teachers and six categories and 37 sub-themes in special education teachers were derived through qualitative-comparative content analysis. Results: The teacher in-service education conducted prior to the implementation of the 「2019 revised Nuri curriculum」 gave substantial aid in the applied practices of cases. The perceptions of teachers related to the 「2019 revised Nuri curriculum」 were heightened. The inclusive settings had been changed according to the principles of play, case, and children's interest. As the 「2019 revised Nuri curriculum」 progressed, children also changed. The implementation of the 「2019 revised Nuri program」 allowed the positive and the negative experiences to coexist at the inclusive settings. For the successful implementation of the 「2019 revised Nuri curriculum」 , calls for the improvement of the child care and education center and national level must be stressed. Conclusion/Implications: Based on the results, discussions and recommendations were presented to solve the difficulties.