• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.28 no.1 s.69
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• pp.137-147
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• 2007

Objective : The objective of this study was to investigate the antioxidative effects of Carthami Flos extract. Methods : Total antioxidant status was examined by total antioxidant capacity(TAC) and total antioxidant response(TAR) against potent free radical reactions. The effect of Carthami Flos extract was examined far details of total phenolic content concentration at which 1,1-dipheny1-2-picrylhydrazyl(DPPH) radical scavenging activity was inhibited, the inhibitory effect on lipid peroxidation, and the effect on reactive oxygen species(ROS) generation. Results : TAC of Carthami Flos extract at the concentration of 5 mg/ml was 1.84 mM Trolox equivalent. 2. TAR of Carthami Flos extract, on the other hand, couldn't be determined due to interference from unidentified compounds. 3. Total phenolic content of Carthami Flos extract at the concentration of 5 mg/ml was 2.01 mM gallic acid equivalent. 4. Concentration of Carthami Flos extract at which DPPH radical scavenging activity was inhibited by 50% was 6.43 mg/ml as compared to 100% by Pyrogallol solution as a reference. 5. The inhibitory effect of the extract on lipid peroxidation was examined using rat liver mitochondria induced by FeS04/ascorbic acid. Carthami Flos extract at the concentration of 10 ms/ml slightly but significantly decreased TBARS concentration. The extract continued to prevent lipid peroxidation in a dose-dependent manner. 6. The effect of Carthami Flos extract on reactive oxygen species(ROS) generation was examined using a cell-free system induced by hydrogen peroxide/FeS04. Addition of 1 mg/ml of Carthami Flos extract significantly reduced dichlorofluorescein(DCF) fluorescence. Carthami Flos extract caused concentration-dependent attenuation of the increase in DCF fluorescence, indicating that the ektract significantly prevented ROS generation in vitro. Conclusion: : Antioxidant efffcts of Carffami ffor extract seem to be due, at least in part, to the prevention offree radical-induced oxidation, fellowed by inhibition of lipid peroxidation.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.52-58
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• 2017

This study was aimed to examine relaxing effects of Acanthopanacis cortex(AC) through nitric oxide(NO) production and phosphodiesterase type 5(PDE-5) inhibition in corpus cavernosum. In order to define the relaxation effects of AC extract, rabbit corpus cavernous tissues were prepared in $2{\times}2{\times}8mm$ sized strip. AC extract ($0.01-3.0mg/m{\ell}$) were treated in contracted strips induced by phenylephrine(PE) and $N{\omega}$-nitro-L-arginine (L-NNA) was treated before AC extract-treated. And calcium chloride($Ca^{2+}$) 1 mM was infused into precontracted strips after pretreatment of AC extract in $Ca^{2+}-free$ krebs-ringer solution. When AC extract was applied to human umbilical vein endothelial cell(HUVEC), cell viability was measured by MTT assay, and NO concentration was measured by Griess reagent system. Ratio of smooth muscles to collagen fibers and eNOS, PDE-5 positive reaction were measured by histochemical and immunohistochemical process on mice corpus cavernosum. AC extract significantly affected relaxion of the cavernous strips, and the pretreatment of L-NNA inhibited AC extract-induced relaxation. Contraction induced by the addition of $Ca^{2+}$ was inhibited by treatment with the AC extract in $Ca^{2+}-free$ solution. In AC group, NO concentration, ratio of smooth muscle to collagen fibers, and eNOS positive reaction were increased, PDE-5 positive reaction was decreased compared to PE group. As a result of the above experiment, it was thought that AC extract inhibits the inflow of extracellular $Ca^{2+}$ by activating cGMP through the increase of eNOS / NO and the decrease of PDE-5 which inhibits cGMP activity, in the corpus cavernosum.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.143-148
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• 2006

Objectives : It is demonstrated that oxygen free radicals have cytotoxic effect on NIH3T3 fibroblast cells. Recently, many of herb extracts have an effect of antioxidant in oxygen free radical-induced cytotoxicity. But, the toxic mechanism of oxygen free radical is left unknown. The purpose of this study was to examine the cytotoxicity of hydrogen peroxide ($H_2O_2$) and antioxidant effect of Citri reticulatae pericarpium (CRP) on NIH3T3 fibroblasts. Methods : The cytotoxicy was measured by cell viability by XTT assay in NIH3T3 fibroblasts. XTT assay is regarded as a very sensitive screening method for the determination of the cell viability on various chemicals. Results : In this study, H2O2 decreased cell viability according to the dose- and time dependent manners after NIH3T3 fibroblasts were treated with various concentrations of H2O2 for 4 hours. And also, CRP showed the effect of antioxidant on $H_2O_2-induced $ cytotoxicity in cultured NIH3T3 fibroblasts. Conclusion : These results suggest that $H_2O_2$ has highly cytotoxic effect on cultured NIH3T3 fibroblasts by the decrease of cell viavility, and the herb extract such as CRP was showed the effect of antioxidant on $H_2O_2-induced$ cytotoxicity in these cultures.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.406-411
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• 2001

In a bacterial denitrification test with Pseudomonas sp. and anaerobic consortium, more nitrates and less substrate were consumed but less metabolic nitrite was produced under an anaerobic $H_2$ condition rather than under $N_2$ condition. In a bioelectrochemical denitrification test with the same organisms, the electrochemically reduced neutral red was confirmed to be a substitute electron donor and a reducing power like $H_2$. The biocatalytic activity of membrane-free bacterial extract, membrane fraction, and intact cell for bioelectrochemical denitrification was measured using cyclic voltammetry. When neutral red was used as an electron mediator, the electron transfer from electrode to electron acceptor (nitrate) via neutral red was not observed in the cyclic voltammogram with the membrane-free bacterial extract, but it was confirmed to gradually increase in proportion to the concentration of nitrate in that of the membrane fraction and the intact cell of Pseudomonas sp.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.1 no.4
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• pp.219-222
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• 1988

Degradation of deoxyribonucleic acid(DNA) and ribonucleic acid(RNA) by cell-free extract of mixed rumen protozoa of buffalo rumen was investigated. DNA was observed to be degraded rapidly during an initial incubation period of 2 hr with simultaneous appearance of degradation products. RNA on the other hand recorded a rapid degradation during an initial incubation period of 1 hr. RNA degradation products appeared upto an incubation period of 2 hr. DNA was observed to degrade into oligo- and mononucleotides. pyrimidine nucleosides, purine nucleoside adenosine and bases xanthine, hypoxanthine and thymine. Degradation products of RNA comprised of pyrimidine nucleosides, purine nucleoside, adenosine and bases xanthine, hypoxanthine and uracil besides oligo- and mononucleotides.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.613-618
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• 1996

Microorganisms capable of producing ascorbic acid-2-phosphate (AsA2P) from ascorbic acid (AsA) and pyrophosphate (PPi) were screened from the culture collection of this laboratory. Among them, Cellulomonas sp. AP-7 showed the highest productivity of AsA2P. The optimal conditions for the production of AsA2P from AsA and PPi with cell-free extract as an enzyme source were investigated. The reaction mixture for the maximal production of AsA2P consisted of 21 g protein of cell-free extract per liter as the enzyme source, 250 mM AsA, 200 mM sodium pyrophosphate, 150 mM sodium acetate buffer (pH 4.5). By using this reaction mixture, 31.9 mM of AsA2P, which corresponded to a 12.76% yield based on AsA, was produced after incubation of 48 hr at 33$\circ$C.

• Mycobiology
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.148-151
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• 2008

A novel biomass was prepared from Pichia anomala KCCM 11473, which grew well in ginseng-steaming effluent (GSE), and its physiological functionalities and enzyme activities were determined. When the strain was cultured in the GSE (pH 6.0) at 30$^{\circ}C$ for 48 h, 1.6 mg of biomass per ml-cultures was produced. The cell-free extract of the biomass showed high antihypertensive angiotensin I-converting enzyme inhibitory activity of 72.0% and anticholesteromia HMG-CoA reductase inhibitory activity of 46.5%. The cell-free extract also showed 13.0 U per ml and 8.5 U per ml of neutral protease activity and alkaline protease, respectively.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.307-311
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• 2022

The extract of EA lacks studies showing its efficacy other than that it contains caffeic acid, an active compound that has antioxidant and neuroprotective effects on nerve cells. Therefore, in this study, we attempted to determine the effectiveness of EA extraction. In this study, we performed a DPPH assay to determine the antioxidant potential of EA. And then, the cytotoxic concentration of EA in HaCaT keratinocytes was determined, and the antioxidant effect was determined by measuring the malondialdehyde (MDA). The results of DPPH, a chemical antioxidant assay, clearly demonstrated the antioxidant capacity of EA extracted with distilled water. In addition, cell-based assays provide useful information on the protective effect of EA on oxidative stress-induced apoptosis.

• Proceedings of the SCSK Conference
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• 2003.09b
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• pp.464-478
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• 2003

Free radicals and reactive oxygen species (ROS) caused by UV exposure or other environmental facts play critical roles in cellular damage and aging. The extract of tinged autumnal leaves of maple tree(Acer palmatum) has proven to be a powerful antioxidant. The Acer palmatum extract is very effective on the stabilization of biological membranes( containing unsaturated fatty acid). We studied photoprotective effect of the extract against UVB-induced cytotoxicity in human keratinocytes. The extract improved cell viability comparing to control after UVB irradiation. In the determination test of pro inflammatory cytokines the extract decreased expression of interleukin 1 a and 6, which play an important role in inflammation and skin erythema caused by UV. We also studied property of varying cosmetic formulations on the percutaneous absorption of the extract. After 24 hour in vitro penetration study, the content of the extract was more highly detected in skin residue part. This result showed the extract had relatively high compatibility of skin in our emulsion system. On human skin, after appling the product containing the extract we obtained a good result of antiwrinkle effect by skin visiometer. In conclusion, the Acer palmatum extract is a photoprotective and very effective in stressed and aged skin care. And we can predict the extract mainly affects on the skin cell and tissue in our emulsion system.

• Proceedings of the Ginseng society Conference
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• 1998.06a
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• pp.57-62
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• 1998

We hypothesized the primary effect of ginseng was to protect cell membrane fatty acids from decomposition caused by free radicals. To confirm the antioxidant effect of ginseng, we measured the inhibitory effect on the formation of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances, an indicator of lipid peroxidation, and evaluated the free radical scavenging effect of ginseng by electron spin resonance spectrometer, and gas chromatography. The results showed that thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances formed and the loss of arachidonic acid during lipid peroxidation, and that hydroxyl (-like) radical peak formed by the iron complex (ferric nitrilotriacetate, an known free radical generator in vitro) were completely inhibited by ginseng extract. This antioxidant effect of ginseng may be responsible for its wide pharmacological actions in clinical practice. As the free radical reactions in general are rapid and non-specific, ginseng seems to act as a normalizer, rather than a general tonic, at the stages of acute or chronic active phase of the various diseases.