• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제13권8호
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• pp.3645-3651
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• 2012

Conventional pap smear (CPS) examination has been the mainstay for early detection of cervical cancer. However, its widespread use has not been possible due to the inherent limitations, like presence of obscuring blood and inflammation, reducing its sensitivity considerably. Automated methods in use in developed countries may not be affordable in the developing countries due to paucity of resources. On the other hand, manual liquid based cytology (MLBC) is a technique that is cost effective and improves detection of precursor lesions and specimen adequacy. Therefore the aim of the study was to compare the utility of MLBC with that of CPS in cervical cancer screening. A prospective study of 100 cases through MLBC and CPS was conducted from October 2009 to July 2010, in a Medical College in India, by two independent pathologists and correlated with histopathology (22 cases). Morphological features as seen through MLBC and CPS were compared. Subsequently, all the cases were grouped based on cytological diagnosis according to two methods into 10 groups and a subjective comparison was made. In order to compare the validity of MLBC with CPS in case of major diagnoses, sensitivity and specificity of the two methods were estimated considering histological examination as the gold standard. Increased detection rate with MLBC was 150%. The concordance rate by LBC/histopathology v/s CPS/histopathology was also improved (86% vs 77%) The percentage agreement by the two methods was 68%. MLBC was more sensitive in diagnosis of LSIL and more specific in the diagnosis of inflammation. Thus, MLBC was found to be better than CPS in diagnosis of precursor lesions. It provided better morphology with increased detection of abnormalities and preservation of specimen for cell block and ancillary studies like immunocytochemistry and HPV detection. Therefore, it can be used as alternative strategy for cervical cancer prevention in limited resource settings.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제32권12호
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• pp.4205-4209
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• 2011

The $Li_2Mn_{0.5}Fe_{0.5}SiO_4$ silicate was prepared by blending of $Li_2MnSiO_4$ and $Li_2FeSiO_4$ precursors with same molar ratio. The one of the silicates of $Li_2FeSiO_4$ is known as high capacitive up to ~330 mAh/g due to 2 mole electron exchange, and the other of $Li_2FeSiO_4$ has identical structure with $Li_2MnSiO_4$ and shows stable cycle with less capacity of ~170 mAh/g. The major drawback of silicate family is low electronic conductivity (3 orders of magnitude lower than $LiFePO_4$). To overcome this disadvantage, carbon composite of the silicate compound was prepared by sucrose mixing with silicate precursors and heat-treated in reducing atmosphere. The crystal structure and physical morphology of $Li_2Mn_{0.5}Fe_{0.5}SiO_4$ was investigated by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and high resolution transmission electron microscopy. The $Li_2Mn_{0.5}Fe_{0.5}SiO_4$/C nanocomposite has a maximum discharge capacity of 200 mAh/g, and 63% of its discharge capacity is retained after the tenth cycles. We have realized that more than 1 mole of electrons are exchanged in $Li_2Mn_{0.5}Fe_{0.5}SiO_4$. We have observed that $Li_2Mn_{0.5}Fe_{0.5}SiO_4$ is unstable structure upon first delithiation with structural collapse. High temperature cell performance result shows high capacity of discharge capacity (244 mAh/g) but it had poor capacity retention (50%) due to the accelerated structural degradation and related reaction.

• 공업화학
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.291-298
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• 2020

본 연구에서는 RF/DC 마그네트론 증착법을 이용하여 실온에서 유리 기판 상에 ZITO/Ag/ZITO 다층막 투명전극을 제조하였다. ZITO/Ag/ZITO (100/8/42 nm)로 이루어진 다층막 구조에 대해, 면저항이 9.4 Ω/㎡이고 550 nm에서 투과도가 83.2%인 투명 전도성 필름이 얻어졌다. ZITO/Ag/ZITO 다층막 필름의 면저항 및 투과도 특성은 적외선(열선)을 효과적으로 차단할 수 있기 때문에 고분자분산액정(polymer-dispersed liquid crystal, PDLC) 기반 스마트 윈도우 적용에 매우 유용함을 알 수 있었으며 이로 인해 에너지 절약형 스마트 유리로서의 응용도 가능할 것으로 판단된다. 제조된 ZITO/Ag/ZITO 다층막 투명전극을 적용한 2관능성 우레탄 아크릴레이트 기반 PDLC 시스템에 있어서 PDLC 층 두께 및 자외선(ultraviolet, UV) 세기 변화가 전기광학적 특성, 광중합 동력학 및 표면 형태학에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 15 ㎛의 PDLC 층 두께를 가지며 2.0 mW/c㎡의 UV 세기로 광경화된 PDLC 셀이 우수한 off-state 불투명도, 높은 on-state 투과도 및 양호한 구동 전압을 나타냈다. 또한, 본 연구에서 제조된 최적 조건의 PDLC 기반 스마트 윈도우는 광을 효율적으로 산란시킬 수 있는 2~5 ㎛ 크기의 양호한 마이크로 구조를 갖는 액정 droplet들이 형성되었으며, 이로 인해 우수한 최종 물성을 갖는 PDLC 셀이 제조되었다.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제26권5호
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• pp.724-731
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• 2012

This study was designed to elucidate whether combination with Korean red ginseng and Morus alba L. (MPM), traditional treatment for diabetes, ameliorates on high fructose-induced steatohepatitis and vascular inflammation. Animals were divided into four groups; Control receiving tap water, fructose-fed, rosiglitazone-treated fructose-fed rats, and MPM-treated fructose-fed rats both receiving supplemented with 60% fructose (n=10). The MPM or rosiglitazone groups initially received a high-fructose diet alone for 8 weeks, with supplementation with MPM or rosiglitazone, peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor gamma ($PPAR{\gamma}$) agonist, occurring during the final 6 weeks. Treatment with MPM significantly prevented the increase in c-reactive protein (CRP) levels in the high fructose group. MPM suppressed high fructose diet-induced vascular inflammation marker expression such as intracellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), and E-selectin. MPM also reduced intima/media thickness of thoracic aorta. Histologic observation and oil red O staining demonstrated hepatic tissue damage and lipid accumulation were severe in high fructose group. Treatment with MPM ameliorated hepatic tissue morphology with minimized steatosis. In addition, MPM attenuated hepatitis by inhibition of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) expression. MPM-fed group showed lower serum GOT and GPT levels comparing with high fructose group. MPM and rosiglitazone (positive control) significantly decreased the size of epididymal adipocytes. Taken together, the administration of MPM inhibited high fructose-induced steatohepatitis and vascular inflammation. These results suggested that MPM is useful in the prevention or treatment of metabolic syndrome-related disorders such as fatty acid metabolism and vascular homeostasis.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제30권5호
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• pp.690-699
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• 2017

Objective: This study aimed to examine the effect of sodium butyrate (SB) on growth performance, immune status, organs weights, and microarchitecture of lymphoid organs and small intestine. Methods: A total of 120, 1-d-old broiler chicks were distributed into the following four treatment groups: corn-soy based basal diet (BD) without supplement (control), or the same BD supplemented with 0.1 g/kg zinc bacitracin (ZnB), 0.5 g/kg SB (SB-0.5), or 1.0 g/kg SB (SB-1), respectively. Six birds/group were killed on d-21 and d-35, and samples were collected. Results: Cell-mediated immune response at 48 h post-Phytohemagglutinin-P injection, and antibody titer against Newcastle disease vaccine and sheep red blood cells on d-35 was noted higher (p<0.05) in SB-1 compared to ZnB and control. Lower (p<0.05) feed conversion ratio (FCR) was attained by the supplemented groups. Thymus and spleen weighed more (p<0.05) in SB-1, and bursa registered more (p<0.05) weight in both SB groups compared to control. On d-21, areas of thymus medulla and spleen germinal centers were noted higher (p<0.05) in SB-1 group. The villus height and villus surface area increased (p<0.05) in duodenum and jejunum in both SB groups on d-21, and in SB-1 on d-35, respectively compared to ZnB and control. On d-21, number of goblet cells containing mucins of acidic nature increased (p<0.05) in all the segments of small intestines in SB-1 group compared to control, and on d-35 in ileum compared to other groups. Conclusion: In conclusion, SB improved growth performance and immunity as well as modulated morphology of lymphoid organs and gut mucosa in broiler chickens.

• 한국버섯학회지
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.52-59
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• 2005

국내유통약용버섯의 분류체계를 확립하고 이들 속 및 종간의 유연관계확립을 위하여 계통학적 정보를 지니고 있는 ITS부위의 염기서열을 밝히고 ITS1과 ITS2부위의 다양한 염기서열을 이용하여 분류학적 위치를 확립하였고, 시판 I. obliquus 종의 진위여부와 계통분류학적인 유연관계 확립 및 종 특이적인 유전자 탐침을 개발하였다. 본 연구의 조사결과에 의하면, 약용버섯으로 주로 시판되고 있는 국내유통균주는 총 6개의 속(Phellinus, Inonotus, Sparassis, Fomes, Ganoderma, Hericium)으로 나누어짐을 알 수 있었고 그 중에서 기존에 잘 알려진 상황버섯과 최근 들어 수입양이 급증하고 있는 차가버섯이 대부분을 차지하고 있는 것으로 확인되었다. 본 연구에 사용되어진 일명 차가버섯으로 유통 중인 15개 제품 중 중국에서 수입되어진 59번 균주가 P. pini로 확인되었으며 일본에서 수입되어진 51, 52번 균주가 P. baumii와 P. linteus와 유사종 혹은 동일종으로 확인되었다. 한편 I. rheades(AY237731)와 I. radiatus(AY354217) 및 F. fomentarius(AY354213)는 NCBI 등록 시 문제점이 있는 것으로 사료되며 본 실험에서 조사되어진 30번 균주 F. fomentarius가 정확한 말굽버섯인 것으로 사료된다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권8호
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• pp.3333-3338
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• 2015

Background: This study was conducted to analyze positron emission tomography (PET) / computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) performance with oropharyngeal non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (ONHL).Materials and Methods: The complete image data of 30 ONHL cases were analyzed, all patients were performed PET / CT and MRI examination before the treatment, with the time interval of these two inspections not exceeding 14 days. The distribution, morphology, MRI signal characteristics, enhancement feature, standardized uptake value (SUV) max value and lymph node metastasis way of the lesions were analyzed. Results: Among the 30 cases, 23 cases were derived from the B-cell (76.7%), 5 cases were derived from the peripheral T cells (16.7%) and 2 cases were derived from the NK/T cells (6.7%). 19 cases exhibited the palatine tonsil involvement (63.3%). As for the lesion appearance, 10 cases appeared as mass, 8 cases were the diffused type and 12 cases were the mixed type. 25 cases exhibited the SUVmax value of PET / CT primary lesions as 11 or more (83.3%). MRI showed that all patients exhibited various degrees of parapharyngeal side-compressed narrowing, but MRI still exhibited the high-signal fat, and the oropharyngeal mucosa was intact. 25 cases were associated with the neck lymph node metastasis, among who 22 cases had no necrosis in the metastatic lymph nodes, while the rest 3 cases exhibited the central necrosis in the metastatic lymph nodes. Conclusions: PET / CT and MRI have important value in diagnosing and determining the lesion extent of ONHL.

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.11-20
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• 1997

신경아세포종 세포 분화의 조절에 대한 연구는 아직 초기 단계에 불과하나 신경아세포종양의 임상적인 치료에 매우 중요한 기초가 된다. 본 연구는 신경아세포종 세포의 분화를 유도 할 수 있는 유용한 시약을 찾아내고자 하는 노력의 일환으로, 잘 알려진 DNA 합성 억제제가 신경 아세포종의 분화를 유도할 수 있는지를 살펴보고자 신경아세포종양 세포의 형태적, 생화학적 및 유전자 발현에 미치는 효과를 살펴보았다. 신경아세포종양으로부터 수립된 세포주, IMR-32 세포에 DNA 합성 억제제인 sodium butyrate, hydroxyurea, cytosine arabinoside를 각각 처리한 결과 처리하지 않은 대조군과는 달리 정상신경 세포 분화시 볼 수 있는 신경 돌기의 성장이 유도됨을 관찰할 수 있었으며 ,신경 전달 물질인 acetylcholine의 합성 효소인 choline acetyltransferase의 활성도가 현저히 증가되었다. 또한DNA합성 억제제를 처리하지 않은 IMR-32세포에서 탐지되지 않았던 c-myc 유전자의 발현이 시약 처리시 확연히 탐지됨을 관찰할 수 있었다. 이러한 실험 결과들은 DNA합성 억제제가 IMR-32세포의 성장을 억제하고 분화를 유도했음을 보여준 것이며, 어린 아이 시기에 많이 발병되는 신경아세포종양의 급속한 악성화나 전이의 억제기전을 제시해 줄 수 있으리라 생각한다.

• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국진공학회 2014년도 제46회 동계 정기학술대회 초록집
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• pp.454-454
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• 2014

Silicon microwire array is one of the promising platforms as a means for developing highly efficient solar cells thanks to the enhanced light trapping efficiency. Among the various fabrication methods of microstructures, deep reactive ion etching (DRIE) process has been extensively used in fabrication of high aspect ratio microwire arrays. In this presentation, we show precisely controlled Si microwire arrays by tuning the DRIE process conditions. A periodic microdisk arrays were patterned on 4-inch Si wafer (p-type, $1{\sim}10{\Omega}cm$) using photolithography. After developing the pattern, 150-nm-thick Al was deposited and lifted-off to leave Al microdisk arrays on the starting Si wafer. Periodic Al microdisk arrays (diameter of $2{\mu}m$ and periodic distance of $2{\mu}m$) were used as an etch mask. A DRIE process (Tegal 200) is used for anisotropic deep silicon etching at room temperature. During the process, $SF_6$ and $C_4F_8$ gases were used for the etching and surface passivation, respectively. The length and shape of microwire arrays were controlled by etching time and $SF_6/C_4F_8$ ratio. By adjusting $SF_6/C_4F_8$ gas ratio, the shape of Si microwire can be controlled, resulting in the formation of tapered or vertical microwires. After DRIE process, the residual polymer and etching damage on the surface of the microwires were removed using piranha solution ($H_2SO_4:H_2O_2=4:1$) followed by thermal oxidation ($900^{\circ}C$, 40 min). The oxide layer formed through the thermal oxidation was etched by diluted hydrofluoric acid (1 wt% HF). The surface morphology of a Si microwire arrays was characterized by field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM, Hitachi S-4800). Optical reflection measurements were performed over 300~1100 nm wavelengths using a UV-Vis/NIR spectrophotometer (Cary 5000, Agilent) in which a 60 mm integrating sphere (Labsphere) is equipped to account for total light (diffuse and specular) reflected from the samples. The total reflection by the microwire arrays sample was reduced from 20 % to 10 % of the incident light over the visible region when the length of the microwire was increased from $10{\mu}m$ to $30{\mu}m$.

• 멤브레인
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.389-398
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• 2017

연료전지용 고분자 전해질막에 있어서 가장 중요한 특성인 수소이온 전달 능력은 내부에서 형성되는 수화채널의 분포 및 형상에 큰 영향을 받게 된다. 비과불화탄소계인 탄화수소계 전해질막의 경우, 과불화탄소계 전해질막인 나피온에 비하여 이러한 수화채널이 약하게 형성되는 것으로 알려져 있으며 따라서 상대적으로 낮은 이온전달 성능을 나타내는 것으로 보고되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 컴퓨터를 이용한 전산모사 기술의 하나인 메조스케일 전산모사 기술을 이용하여 탄화수소계 연료전지용 전해질막인 술폰화 폴리이미드의 가습조건에서의 수화채널 형성 및 상분리 현상을 관찰하였다. 이를 통하여 술폰화 폴리이미드 내부에서 물분자 비드는 친수성 영역 전체에 걸쳐서 고르게 분포되며 명확한 수화 클러스터는 높은 술폰화도에서만 형성되는 것이 관찰되었다. 또한, 술폰화 폴리이미드 모델은 저가습 상태에서 수화 채널을 형성하는데에 나피온 모델에 비하여 더 어렵다는 것이 관찰되었다. 이러한 결과들은 비과불화불소계인 탄화수소계 전해질막의 수화채널 형성에 대한 기존 이론을 명확하게 뒷받침하고 있으며, 술폰화 폴리이미드의 전도도 경향도 잘 설명을 하고 있다. 따라서 메조스케일 전산 모사 기술은 연료전지용 전해질막의 상분리 현상 및 수화채널을 분석하고 이온전도 특성을 규명하는 데에 있어서 매우 효과적인 기술이 될 수 있다는 것을 확인하였다.