• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2003

목 적: Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori)에 의한 질병 발생의 병독 인자로 cagA, picB 및 iceA 등의 유전형이 연구되고 있으며, 최근에는 위 상피세포의 증식(proliferation)과 세포사(apoptosis)의 불균형이 중요시되고 있다. 이에 H. pylori 감염 소아에서 위 상피세포 증식과 세포사 및 cagA, picB 및 iceA 유전형의 관련성을 알아보고자 하였다. 방 법: 1999년 8월부터 2001년 6월까지 이화여자 대학교 목동병원 소아과에서 소화기 증상으로 내시경을 시행하여 H. pylori 감염으로 진단된 20예와 감염 음성 20예를 대상으로 하였다. H. pylori 감염 양성은 조직학적으로 H. pylori 균이 관찰되고, CLO 검사와 ureC PCR이 전부 양성인 경우로 하였다. 위생검 조직에서 개정된 시드니 체계를 이용하여 조직 소견을 분석하고, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) 발현으로 위 상피세포 증식의 정도를 in situ terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) 방법으로 세포사의 정도를 조사하였다. cagA, picB 및 iceA 유전자에 대해 중합효소연쇄반응을 시행하였다. 결 과: 1) 세포 증식 지표는 H. pylori 감염 양성에서 $77.4{\pm}13.12$로 음성 $52.3{\pm}12.20$에 비하여 유의하게 높았다(p=0.000). 세포 증식 지표는 H. pylori 밀도가 증가할수록(r=0.624, p=0.000, 다핵형 중성구의 활동성이 증가할수록(r=0.460, p=0.005), 만성 염증이 증가할수록(r=0.433, p=0.009) 증가하였다. 2) 세포사 지표는 H. pylori 감염 양성에서 $0.70{\pm}0.411$, 음성에서 $0.14{\pm}0.201$로 감염 양성에서 음성보다 유의하게 높았다(p=0.000). 세포사 지표는 H.pylori 밀도가 증가할수록(r=0.691, p=0.000), 다핵형 중성구의 활동성이 증가할수록(r=0.585, p=0.000), 만성 염증이 증가할수록(r=0.535, p=0.001) 증가하였다. 3) 세포 증식 지표가 증가할수록 세포사 지표는 유의하게 증가하였다(r=0.527, p=0.001). 4) H. pylori 감염 양성에서 유전형의 양성률은 cagA 90%, picB 75%, iceA1 60% 및 iceA2 15%였으며, cagA, picB, 및 iceA 유전형에 따른 세포 증식지표, 세포사 지표, 내시경 소견 및 조직 소견에는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 결 론: H. pylori 감염 소아에서 위 상피세포 증식 지표와 세포사 지표가 균형을 이루면서 증가하였으며, cagA, pic B 및 iceA 유전형에 따른 유의한 차이는 없었다. 이는 위 상피세포 증식과 세포사가 H. pylori의 병인에 중요함을 시사하며, 앞으로 세포 증식과 세포사의 기전과 유발 요인, 여러 유전형과의 관계, 성인과의 비교 연구 등이 필요하리라 생각된다.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.126-131
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• 2008

Immunosuppressive therapy after organ transplantation is routinely used to prevent rejection of the organ, because this decreases the risk of adverse events, infection, and malignancies. Recently, ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA), which is isolated from the dried bile of adult Chinese bears, has been shown to reduce the incidence and severity of acute rejection of liver allograft during early phase of liver transplantation. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the effect of UDCA on the proliferation of splenocytes exposed to PMA plus ionomycin. Our results demonstrated that UDCA decreased the splenocytes' proliferation in a dose-dependent manner. The decreased cell proliferation was accompanied with the decreased secretion of cytokines such as IL-2, IFN-${\gamma}$ and TNF-${\alpha}$. In addition, the pretreatment of UDCA on splenocytes stimulated with PMA plus ionomycin decreased the mRNA levels of cytokines (IL-2, IFN-${\gamma}$ and TNF-${\alpha}$) and costimulatory molecules (B7.2 and PD-L1). These results suggest the beneficial effect of UDCA on organ transplantation by decreasing lymphocyte proliferation.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제45권6호
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• pp.223-228
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• 2015

Purpose: The goal of this study was to characterize the patterns of antimicrobial resistance and virulence genes in samples of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) isolated from periodontitis patients. Methods: From July 2015 to August 2015, oral saliva was collected from a total of 112 patients diagnosed with periodontitis, including 80 outpatients in dental hospitals and 32 patients in dental clinics located in Seoul and Cheonan. The samples were subjected to a susceptibility test to evaluate the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance, and the pathogenic factors and antimicrobial resistance factors in the DNA of S. aureus were analyzed using polymerase chain reaction. Results: A susceptibility test against 15 antimicrobial agents showed that 88% of cultures were resistant to ampicillin, 88% to penicillin, and 2% to oxacillin. Resistance to at least two drugs was observed in 90% of cultures, and the most common pattern of multidrug resistance was to ampicillin and penicillin. Enterotoxins were detected in 65.9% of samples. The cell hemolysin gene hld was detected in 100% of cultures and hla was detected in 97.6% of samples. All strains resistant to penicillin and ampicillin had the blaZ gene. The aph(3')IIIa gene, which encodes an aminoglycoside modifying enzyme, was detected in 46.3% of samples. Conclusions: In the treatment of oral S. aureus infections, it is important to identify the pathogenic genes and the extent of antimicrobial resistance. Furthermore, it is necessary to study patterns of antimicrobial resistance and cross-infection in the context of periodontological specialties in which antimicrobials are frequently used, such as maxillofacial surgery, where the frequency of antimicrobial use for minor procedures such as implant placement is increasing.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권9호
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• pp.3851-3864
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• 2014

Cytokine research is currently at the forefront in cancer research. Deciphering the functions of these multiple small molecules, discovered within the cell and in intercellular spaces, with their abundance and pleotrophism, was initially a great challenge. Advances in analytical chemistry and molecular biology have made it possible to unravel the pathophysiological functions of these polypeptides/proteins which are called interleukins, chemokines, monokines, lymphokines and growth factors. With more than 5 million women contracting cervical cancer every year this cancer is a major cause of mortality and morbidity the world over, particularly in the developing countries. In more than 95% of cases it is associated with human papilloma virus (HPV) infection which is persistent, particularly in those with a defective immune system. Although preventable, the mere magnitude of prevalence of HPV in the world population makes it a dominating current health hazard. The discovery of cytokine dysregulation in cervical cancer has spurted investigation into the possibility of using them as biomarkers in the early diagnosis of cases at high risk of developing cancer. Their critical role in carcinogenesis and progression of cervical cancer is now being revealed to a great extent. From diagnostics to prognosis, and now with a possible role in therapeutics and prevention of cervical cancer, the cytokines are being evaluated in all anticancer approaches. This review endeavours to capture the essence of the astonishing journey of cytokine research in cervical neoplasia.

• 한국균학회소식:학술대회논문집
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• 한국균학회 2015년도 춘계학술대회 및 임시총회
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• pp.13-13
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• 2015

Rice blast fungus, Magnaporthe oryzae, is the most destructive pathogen of rice in the world. This fungus has a biotrophic phase early in infection and switches to a necrotrophic lifestyle after host cell death. During the biotrophic phase, the fungus competes with host for nutrients and oxygen. Continuous uptake of oxygen is essential for successful establishment of blast disease of this pathogen. Here, we report transcriptional responses of the fungus to oxygen limitation. Transcriptome analysis using RNA-Seq identified 1,047 up-regulated genes in response to hypoxia. Those genes were involved in mycelial development, sterol biosynthesis, and metal ion transport based on hierarchical GO terms and well-conserved among three different fungal species. In addition, null mutants of three hypoxia-responsive genes were generated and tested for their roles on fungal development and pathogenicity. The mutants for a sterol regulatory element-binding protein gene, MoSRE1, and C4 methyl sterol oxidase gene, ERG25, exhibited increased sensitivity to hypoxia-mimetic agent, increased conidiation, and delayed invasive growth within host cells, suggesting important roles in fungal development. However, such defects did not cause any significant decrease in disease severity. The other null mutant for alcohol dehydrogenase gene, MoADH1, showed no defect in the hypoxia-mimic condition and fungal development. Taken together, this comprehensive transcriptional profiling in response to a hypoxia condition with experimental validations would provide new insights on fungal development and pathogenicity in plant pathogenic fungi.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.137-143
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• 1988

국내(國內)에서 분리(分離)된 porcine enterovirus(serotype 3)를 초유(初乳)를 섭취(攝取)하지 않은 자돈(仔豚)에 경구감염(經口感染) 시킨 후 회백뇌척수염(灰白腦脊髓炎)을 나타내는 시기(時期)에 중추신경계(中樞神經系) 혈관내피세포(血管內皮細胞)를 전자현미경적(電子顯微鏡的)으로 관찰(觀察)하였던 바 다음과 같은 결과(結果)를 얻었다. 척수(脊髓) 및 소뇌(小腦) 혈관내피세포(血管內皮細胞)에서는 picornavirus의 특징적(特徵的)인 virus결정체(結晶體)가 출현(出現)하였고 virus결정체(結晶體)는 rough ER과 밀접하게 연결되어 있었으며 수막(髓膜)의 혈관내피세포(血管內皮細胞)에서도 전자밀도(電子密度)가 높은 virus양(樣) 입자(粒子)들의 응집체(凝集體)가 관찰(觀察)되었다. 세포소기관(細胞小器官)의 변화(變化)로는 mitochondria의 확장(擴張)과 cristae의 소실(消失), rough ER의 확장(擴張)과 ribosome의 탈락(脫落)이 현저하였다. 또한 혈관주위강(血管周圍腔)의 확장(擴張)과 임파구(淋巴球)의 침윤(浸潤), 현관내피세포(血管內皮細胞)의 세포막(細胞膜)과 기저막(基底膜)의 파괴(破壞)가 인정(認定)되었다.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제52권2호
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• pp.151-162
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• 2014

The technique of stem cells or hepatocytes transplantation has recently improved in order to bridge the time before whole-organ liver transplantation. In the present study, unfractionated bone marrow stem cells (BMSCs) were harvested from the tibial and femoral marrow compartments of male mice, which were cultured in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (DMEM) with and without hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), and then transplanted into Schistosoma mansoni- infected female mice on their 8th week post-infection. Mice were sacrificed monthly until the third month of bone marrow transplantation, serum was collected, and albumin concentration, ALT, AST, and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activities were assayed. On the other hand, immunohistopathological and immunohistochemical changes of granuloma size and number, collagen content, and cells expressing OV-6 were detected for identification of liver fibrosis. BMSCs were shown to differentiate into hepatocyte-like cells. Serum ALT, AST, and ALP were markedly reduced in the group of mice treated with BMSCs than in the untreated control group. Also, granuloma showed a marked decrease in size and number as compared to the BMSCs untreated group. Collagen content showed marked decrease after the third month of treatment with BMSCs. On the other hand, the expression of OV-6 increased detecting the presence of newly formed hepatocytes after BMSCs treatment. BMSCs with or without HGF infusion significantly enhanced hepatic regeneration in S. mansoni-induced fibrotic liver model and have pathologic and immunohistopathologic therapeutic effects. Also, this new therapeutic trend could generate new hepatocytes to improve the overall liver functions.

• International Journal of Oral Biology
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.141-147
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• 2013

It has been established that berberine has strong antimicrobial effects. Little is known however regarding the antimicrobial activity of berberine against endodontic pathogenic bacteria or its cytotoxicity in human oral tissue cells. The antibacterial properties of berberine were tested against 5 strains of Enterococcus faecalis and type strains of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Prevotella nigrescens, Prevotella intermedia, and Tannerella forsythia, which are involved in endodontic infections. Antimicrobial activity was evaluated through minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) measurements. The viability of normal human gingival fibroblast (NHGF) cells after exposure to berberine was measured using a methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay. The data showed that berberine has antimicrobial effects against A. actinomycetemcomitans with an MIC and MBC of $12.5{\mu}g/ml$ and $25{\mu}g/ml$, respectively. In the cytotoxicity studies, cell viability was maintained at 66.1% following exposure to $31.3{\mu}g/ml$ berberine. Overall, these findings suggest that berberine has antimicrobial activity against the tested bacteria. Nevertheless, lower concentrations in combination with other reagents will need to be tested before these in vitro results can be translated to clinical use.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.241-247
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• 1995

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of internal parasites on growth rates of Thai Native (TN) and crossbred (75% TN $\times$ 25% Anglo-Nubian, AN and 50% TN $\times$ 50% AN) goats (undrenched, drenched every 3 weeks or at 9 weeks) in village environments in southern Thailand in a humid tropical climate. There was no significant (p > 0.05) difference in growth rate ($g/kg^{0.75}/d$) between the genotypes during unsupplemented grazing (0-64 days of the experimental period). However, during supplementary feeding (64-127 days) and throughout the period (0-127 days) TN goats had significantly (p < 0.01) lower growth rates compared with 75% TN $\times$ 25% AN and 50% TN $\times$ 50% AN goats. There was no (p > 0.05) significant difference in growth rates between 75% TN $\times$ 25% AN and 50% TN $\times$ 50 % AN goats. The growth rates of goats drenched every 3 weeks were significantly (p < 0.01) higher than those undrenched or drenched at 9 weeks. The results of this study also indicate that drenching alone did not result in increased weight gain except when the nutritional status was also improved. Parasitic infection affected some blood constituents, such as pack cell volume, haemoglobin, total protein and albumin. This resulted in lower growth rates for control groups and goats drenched at 9 weeks compared to those of goats drenched every 3 weeks.

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.94-101
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• 2018

Tuberculosis (TB) is infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) infection. It is known that not only the property of microorganism but also the genetic susceptibility of infected patients is controlled. Interleukin 2 (IL-2) is a cytokine belonging to type 1 T helper (Th1) activity. In addition, IL-2, when infected with MTB, binds IL-2 receptor and promotes T cell replication and is involved in granuloma formation. The aim of this study was to investigate the genetic polymorphisms of the IL-2 receptor gene in tuberculosis patients and normal individuals. We analyzed 22 SNPs in three genes using the genotype data of 443 tuberculosis cases and 3,228 healthy controls from the Korea Association Resource for their correlation with tuberculosis case. IL2RA, IL2RB, and IL2RG genes were genotyped of 16, 4, and 2 SNPs, respectively. Among three genes, only IL2RA gene polymorphisms showed statistically significant association with tuberculosis case. 6 SNPs with high significance were identified in the IL2RA gene. In addition, the linkage disequilibrium (LD) structure of IL2RA gene was confirmed. SNP imputation of IL2RA gene was performed, it was confirmed that more SNPs were significant between case and control. If we look at the results of IL2RA gene analysis above, we can see that genetic polymorphism in the gene expressing $IL-2R{\alpha}$ will regulate the expression level of $IL-2R{\alpha}$, and the change in the immune system involved in $IL-2R{\alpha}$. In this study, genetic polymorphism that may affect host immunity suggests that susceptibility to tuberculosis may be controlled.