• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.83 no.1
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• pp.178-183
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• 2022

Polycythemia vera (PV) is a rare myeloproliferative disease that causes elevated absolute red blood cell (RBC) mass due to uncontrolled RBC production. Moreover, this condition has been associated with a high risk of ischemic stroke and large vessel stenosis or occlusion, with many studies reporting cerebral infarction in PV patients. Despite these findings, there have been no reports on the vessel wall MRI (VW-MRI) findings of the narrowed vessels in PV-associated ischemic stroke patients. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report in English regarding the carotid VW-MRI findings of a 30-year-old male diagnosed with PV after being hospitalized due to stroke.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.64 no.2
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• pp.10.1-10.9
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• 2024

Hyperthyroidism, characterized by elevated thyroid hormone levels and thyroid gland hyperplasia or adenoma, is a prevalent endocrinopathy in older cats. Treatment options include antithyroid drugs, surgical thyroidectomy, and radioiodine therapy (RAIT), which is non-invasive treatment option that can achieve complete remission. However, efficacy and safety of RAIT in hyperthyroid cats have not been investigated in South Korea. This study includes 10 hyperthyroid cats with RAIT. Initial assessments comprised history, physical examination, blood analysis, and serum total T4 (tT4) concentration. Thyroid scintigraphy revealed hyperactivity and enlargement of thyroid gland at 24 hours before the RAIT. Radioiodine (RAI) was injected subcutaneously with 2 to 6 mCi, determined by the fixed dose or the scoring system based on severity of clinical signs, tT4 concentration, and thyroid size individually. After RAIT, the concentration of serum tT4 and liver enzymes were significantly decreased at discharge. However, no significant differences were noted in blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, symmetric dimethylarginine, hematocrits, and white blood cell counts pre- and post-treatment. Although 4 cats received RAI twice, clinical signs disappeared and tT4 levels decreased following the RAIT. All 10 cats achieved complete remission after 6 months without critical adverse effect. The safety and the effectiveness of RAIT was confirmed based on protocols reported other countries. Therefore, RAIT could be considered the treatment option and prevent adverse effects from medication or surgery. This preliminary study presents the first evaluation of RAIT for hyperthyroid cats using locally produced RAI in South Korea and provide valuable insight for clinicians and further studies.

• Clinical Endoscopy
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• v.57 no.4
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• pp.486-494
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• 2024

Background/Aims: Helicobacter pylori infection-negative gastric cancer (HPNGC) has not been systematically investigated in consecutive patients. Hence, this study aimed to investigate the clinicopathological and endoscopic features of HPNGC. Methods: This single-center retrospective study selected participants from patients with gastric cancer who were treated at the Fukuoka University Chikushi Hospital between January 2013 and December 2021. Only patients diagnosed with HPNGC were enrolled, and their clinicopathological and endoscopic features were analyzed in detail. Results: The prevalence of HPNGC in the present study was 2.6% (54/2,112). The types of HPNGC observed in each gastric region were as follows: advanced gastric cancer was observed in the cardia; gastric adenocarcinoma of fundic-gland differentiation, gastric adenocarcinoma of foveolar-type presenting with whitish elevation and raspberry-like foveolar-type gastric adenocarcinoma, gastric adenocarcinoma arising in polyposis, and gastric adenocarcinoma with autoimmune gastritis were observed in the fundic gland region ranging from the gastric fornix to the gastric body; signet-ring cell carcinoma was observed in the gastric-pyloric transition region ranging from the lower gastric body to the gastric angle; and well-differentiated tubular adenocarcinoma with low-grade atypia was observed in the antrum. Conclusions: This study revealed that tumors from each gastric region exhibited distinct macroscopic and histological types in HPNGC.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.215-222
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• 2024

An adult female dog was presented for evaluation of rapid growth of mammary gland masses. Complete blood count, serum biochemistry, and diagnostic imaging results were unremarkable. Fine needle aspirates of the mammary masses indicated mammary carcinoma characterized by large globoid cells with finely granular eosinophilic globules or Melamed-Wolinska-like bodies. A regional mastectomy was performed on the masses. Subsequent histopathologic examination of the surgically resected masses resulted in a diagnosis of mammary comedocarcinoma with nodal metastasis and distinct perivascular immune infiltrates, which were subject to immunohistochemical and flow cytometric immunophenotyping. Immunohistochemical examination confirmed the infiltration of CD3⁺ T and PAX5⁺ B lymphocytes. Flow cytometric analysis demonstrated tumor-infiltrating CD4⁺CD25⁺FOXP3⁺ regulatory T, CD8⁺ T, CD11b⁺ myeloid, and CD21⁺ B cells. Of note, paired flow cytometric analysis of peripheral blood and tumor tissues showed a preferential tumor infiltration of regulatory T and B cells. Approximately two months after the mastectomy, the tumor reoccurred at the surgery site. The dog died due to deteriorating conditions. We report a rare case of canine mammary comedocarcinoma, providing clinical, clinicopathologic, histologic, and immunophenotypic characteristics. Our case is valuable in providing a rationale for basic research that maps the immune landscape of mammary comedocarcinoma to identify key immune subsets for cancer progression.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.51
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• pp.20.1-20.12
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• 2021

We explored the link between mitochondrial biogenesis and mitochondrial morphology using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) in lymphoblasts of pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) patients and compared these characteristics between tumors and control samples. Gene expression of mitochondrial biogenesis markers was analysed in 23 ALL patients and 18 controls and TEM for morphology analysis was done in 15 ALL patients and 9 healthy controls. The area occupied by mitochondria per cell and the cristae cross-sectional area was observed to be significantly higher in patients than in controls (p-value=0.0468 and p-value<0.0001, respectively). The mtDNA copy numbers, TFAM, POLG, and c-myc gene expression were significantly higher in ALL patients than controls (all p-values<0.01). Gene Expression of PGC-1α was higher in tumor samples. The analysis of the correlation between PGC-1α expression and morphology parameters i.e., both M/C ratio and cristae cross-sectional area revealed a positive trend (r=0.3, p=0.1). The increased area occupied by mitochondria and increased cristae area support the occurrence of cristae remodelling in ALL. These changes might reflect alterations in cristae dynamics to support the metabolic state of the cells by forming a more condensed network. Ultrastructural imaging can be useful for affirming changes occurring at a subcellular organellar level.

• Anatomy and Cell Biology
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• v.55 no.3
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• pp.294-303
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• 2022

Frontal sinus has unique anatomical features that are distinct to every population. However, the distribution of frontal sinus patterns has yet to be explored in the Malaysian population. This study aimed to describe the distribution of frontal sinus patterns among adult Malaysians. 409 adult Malaysian posteroanterior skull radiographs, consisting of 200 males and 209 females of Malay, Chinese, and Indian races aged between 20-69 years old, were included in the study. The frontal sinus patterns were classified according to total and percentage of presence or absence of frontal sinus, symmetry or asymmetrical (right or left dominant), unilateral absence (right or left), bilateral absence, and lobulation. The findings showed that bilateral presence of frontal sinus is common, in 95.4% of individuals and bilateral absence was noted in 2.7% individuals. Unilateral absence was found in 2.0% of individuals. Asymmetrical frontal sinus was observed in 54.5% of population meanwhile 40.8% showed symmetrical frontal sinus. The majority of individuals, regardless of sex, race, and age, possessed 1 to 3 lobes on both sides of the frontal sinus. The findings suggest that the frontal sinus is highly asymmetric, and the absence of the frontal sinus is rare. This morphological variation provides an insight into the landmarking placement for measurement during forensic application and assists neurosurgeons in surgical procedure to avoid breaching of the frontal sinus.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.73 no.5
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• pp.273-277
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• 2012

Paraneoplastic limbic encephalitis (PLE) is a rare syndrome characterized by memory impairment, affective and behavioral disturbances and seizures. Among many different neoplasms known to cause PLE, small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is the most frequently reported. The pathogenesis is not fully understood but is believed to be autoimmune-related. We experienced a patient with typical clinical features of PLE. A 67-year-old man presented with seizure and disorientation. Brain magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated high signal intensity in the bilateral amygdala and hippocampus in flair and T2-weighted images suggestive of limbic encephalitis. Cerebrospinal fluid tapping revealed no evidence of malignant cells or infection. Positron emission tomography/computed tomography showed a lung mass with pleural effusion and a consequent biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of PLE associated with SCLC. The patient was subsequently treated with chemotherapy and neurologic symptoms gradually improved.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.127-131
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• 2005

Purpose : We performed the present study to investigate whether osteotropic hormomes play roles on the nitric oxide (NO) production in culture of ROS 17/12.8 osteoblastic cells. Materials and Methods : The osteoblastic cell line ROS17/2.8 cells were cultured In F12 medium supplemented with $5\%$ fetal bovine serum (FBS) at $37^{\circ}C$ in a humidified atmosphere of $5\%\;CO_2$ in air. ROS17/2.8 cells were plated in 96-well plates at a density of $2-3\times10^3cells/well$ and grown to confluence. Then the cells were pretreated with osteotropic hormones (parathyroid hormone (PTH) 20-500 ng/mL, 1, 25-dihydroxycholecalciferol $(1,\;25[OH]_2D_3)$ 1-100 nM; prostaglandin $E_2 (PGE_2)$ 20-500 ng/mL in the medium supplemented with $0.4\%$ FBS for 72 hours and the cells were treated with cytokines $(TNF{\alpha}\;and\;IFN{\gamma})$ in phenol red-free F12 medium for an additional 48 hours. NO synthesis was assessed by measuring the nitrite anion concentration, the reaction product of NO, in the cell culture medium using Griess reagent. Results : PTH and $1,\;25[OH]_2D_3$ pretreatment induced a significant increase in NO production in the presence of $TNF{\alpha}\;and\;IFN{\gamma}.\;PGE_2$ slightly induced NO production compared to the control group. But, $PGE_2$ pretreatment did not affect in NO production in the presence of $TNF{\alpha}\;and\;IFN{\gamma}$. Conclusions : These results suggest that the actions of osteotropic hormones In bone metabolism may be partially mediated by NO in the presence of cytokines.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.426-432
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• 2010

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of a mixed extract of three herbs, Panax Notoginseng, Rehmanniae Radix and Acanthopanacis cortex (AIF), for the treatment of horses with experimentally induced osteoarthritis. Twelve healthy male horses were included in this study. Horses were assigned to one of two groups: the AIF group (n=6) or the control group (n=6). Osteoarthritis was induced in all horses by intraarticular injection of sodium monoiodoacetate (0.12 mg/kg). Horses in the AIF group received 3 g of AIF with food daily, and those in the control group received food only. Treatment began on the day of intraarticular injection. Clinical and radiographic evaluations were performed every 2 weeks. At week 12, horses were euthanatized, and postmortem gross pathologic and histologic examinations of the middle carpal joint were performed. There were no significant differences in clinical values between the two groups. Radiographic evaluation revealed that the percentages of narrowness of joint space width in the control group were significantly higher than those in the AIF group (p<0.02). On gross pathologic examination, the mean total dimensions of articular cartilage erosions and fibrillations in the control group ($101.5{\pm}41.5mm^2$) were significantly wider than those in the AIF group ($29.3{\pm}39.7mm^2$; p<0.01). On histopathologic evaluation, significantly higher grades of staining intensity and lower empty lacunae (EL) ratios were found in the AIF group (p<0.03). The present study revealed that AIF had significant disease modifying effects in horses with experimentally induced osteoarthritis.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.54 no.6
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• pp.467-476
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• 2013

Objective : This study aimed to evaluate the hypotheses that administration routes [intra-arterial (IA) vs. intravenous (IV)] affect the early stage migration of transplanted human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hBM-MSCs) in acute brain infarction. Methods : Male Sprague-Dawley rats (n=40) were subjected to photothrombotic infarction. Three days after photothrombotic infarction, rats were randomly allocated to one of four experimental groups [IA group : n=12, IV group : n=12, superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) group : n=8, control group : n=8]. All groups were subdivided into 1, 6, 24, and 48 hours groups according to time point of sacrifice. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) consisting of T2 weighted image (T2WI), $T2^*$ weighted image ($T2^*WI$), susceptibility weighted image (SWI), and diffusion weighted image of rat brain were obtained prior to and at 1, 6, 24, and 48 hours post-implantation. After final MRI, rats were sacrificed and grafted cells were analyzed in brain and lung specimen using Prussian blue and immunohistochemical staining. Results : Grafted cells appeared as dark signal intensity regions at the peri-lesional zone. In IA group, dark signals in peri-lesional zone were more prominent compared with IV group. SWI showed largest dark signal followed by $T2^*WI$ and T2WI in both IA and IV groups. On Prussian blue staining, IA administration showed substantially increased migration and a large number of transplanted hBM-MSCs in the target brain than IV administration. The Prussian blue-positive cells were not detected in SPIO and control groups. Conclusion : In a rat photothrombotic model of ischemic stroke, selective IA administration of human mesenchymal stem cells is more effective than IV administration. MRI and histological analyses revealed the time course of cell migration, and the numbers and distribution of hBM-MSCs delivered into the brain.