• The Journal of Natural Sciences
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 1997

Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMK-II) is responsible for the phosphorylation of proteins involved in various cellular functions. Since the level of intracellular calcium ($Ca_2+$) oscillate during the cell cycle, it is expected that the activity of CaMK-II is also dependent on the cell cycle. The kinase activity in NIH3T3 cells which were arrested at or released from certain phase of the cell cycle was measured and compared to that in the normally growing asynchronous control cells to investigate whether the activity of this kinase is cell cycle-dependent. Cells were arrested at G0, G1, G1/S, G2/M and M phase, respectively by use of various drugs which do not have any effect on the kinase activity of CaMK-II at G0, G1, G1/s and G2/M phase was similar to that of the control cells, whereas lower at M. Calcium-independent activity of CaMK_II by autophosphorylation was higher at M and, thus, higher autonomy at M, which represented the physiologically relevant activity of CaMK-II. A similar pattern of activity change of the kinase was demonstrated during the cell cycle of synchronized cells which were released from G1 arrest. These results indicate that the activity of CaMK-11 is cell cycle-dependent and is activity during the mitosis.

• Journal of Photoscience
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.195-198
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• 2003

In the cellular response to DNA damaging agents, cells undergo cell cycle arrest or apoptosis against irrepairable DNA damage. RpS3 is known to function as UV DNA repair endonuclease III and ribosomal protein S3. In this study, we used normal and rpS3-overexpressed 293T cells to examine the role of rpS3 in response to DNA damaging agents. When 293T cells transfected with rpS3 were irradiated with UV, the pattern of cell cycle was dramatically changed in comparison with un-transfected 293T cells. We also found that the expression of rpS3 in normal cells was increased by treatment with DNA damaging agents. By means of Western and Northern blot analyses in rat tissues, we showed the expression pattern of rpS3 protein and its mRNA. These data suggest that DNA repair and cell cycle arrest are interrelated to each other through rpS3, and the increased expression of rpS3 seems to regulate the cell cycle arrest by DNA damaging agents.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.17-26
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• 2008

Purpose: This study was conducted to investigate the effects of Cervi Pontotrichum Cornu extract solution on the cell cycle regulation and apoptosis in human leiomyoma cell. Methods: The leiomyoma cell of patients was used in the study, and we administered the extract solution of Cervi Pontotrichum Cornu concentration at 1, $10mg/m{\ell}$ to the leiomyoma cell for 48 hours. We used flow cytometry and western blotting to confirm cell cycle and apoptosis. Results: In flow cytometry, G1 phase of the $1mg/m{\ell}$ group prolonged. But G1 phase of $10mg/m{\ell}$ group was shortened and S phase was increased. Cyclin D1 expression increased in higher concentration group. And Bax expression that regulates cell apoptosis increased in $1mg/m{\ell}$ and $10mg/m{\ell}$ group than control group. Bcl-2 expression decreased in 1, $10mg/m{\ell}$ groups than control group. VEGF expression rised in higher Cervi Pontotrichum Cornu concentration group. Conclusion: This study means that Cervi Pontotrichum Cornu could induce the apoptosis of leiomyoma cell by increasing Bax and decreasing Bcl-2 expression. But Cervi Pontotrichum Cornu could increase Cyclin D1 and VEGF expression, so more detailed studies would be needed.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.174-185
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• 2000

Objectives : This study was carried out to evaluate the effects of five fractions on cell viability, cell cycle progression and apoptosis. Methods : This study employed MTT assay, Cell cycle analysis, Cpp32 protease assay, DNA fragmentation assay and Quantitative RT-PCR analysis. Results : In MTT assay, the butanol fraction of Injinsaryung-San has showed magnificent viability, while the $H_2O$ fraction and ethylacetate fraction also showed higher viability than the control group. The $H_2O$ fraction of Injinsaryung-San has showed magnificent viability, and butanol fraction and ethylacetate fraction of Injinsaryung-San with etoposide have also showed higher viability than the only etoposide group. Cell cycle analysis showed that each fraction of Injinsaryung-San had no significant effect on the cell cycle. DNA fragmentation assay showed that the butanol fraction, $H_2O$ fraction and ethylacetate fraction carried inhibitory effects on apoptosis induction. Cpp32 protease activity assay showed that the butanol fraction, $H_2O$ fraction and ethylacetate fraction decreased Cpp32 protease activity, with the butanol fraction displaying greater effects. Quantitative RT-PCR showed that the butanol fraction, $H_2O$ fraction and ethylacetate fraction suppressed Fas and Bax genes, the butanol fraction increased BcI-2 gene, however no effect on Cpp32. Conclusions : The data shows that the butanol fraction of Injinsaryung-San increases the hepatocyte viability and has the heptocelluar protective effect by the suppression of apoptosis through gene regulation.

• BMB Reports
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.273-278
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• 2010

The cell cycle is regulated by cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK)-cyclin complexes as well as other regulators. We isolated Kip-related protein 4 (KRP4) cDNA that encodes 289 amino acids including six conserved domains. To investigate the expression pattern of KRP4 as well as of other cell cycle-related genes associated with plant hormones, Arabidopsis seedlings were cultured on MS medium containing auxin or cytokinin. All seedlings treated with phytohormones displayed an increased proportion of cells in S phase. A higher proportion of cells in G2 phase was observed in seedlings treated with NAA. RT-PCR confirmed that the expression of KRP4 was decreased after treatment with phytohormones, and that CDKA and D-type cyclin transcription was increased. Additionally, mitotic cyclins were up-regulated by NAA treatment. These results suggest that KRP4 as well as other cell cycle-related genes might contribute to the control of plant growth in response to exogenous hormones.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.42 no.7
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• pp.557-567
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• 2019

TSPAN12, a member of the tetraspanin family, has been highly connected with the pathogenesis of cancer. Its biological function, however, especially in ovarian cancer (OC), has not been well elucidated. In this study, The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) dataset analysis revealed that upregulation of TSPAN12 gene expression was significantly correlated with patient survival, suggesting that TSPAN12 might be a potential prognostic marker for OC. Further exploration showed that TSPAN12 overexpression accelerated proliferation and colony formation of OVCAR3 and SKOV3 OC cells. Knockdown of TSPAN12 expression in A2780 and SKOV3 cells decreased both proliferation and colony formation. Western blot analysis showed that several cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinases (CDK) (e.g., Cyclin A2, Cyclin D1, Cyclin E2, CDK2, and CDK4) were significantly involved in the regulation of cell cycle downstream of TSPAN12. Moreover, TSPAN12 accelerated mitotic progression by controlling cell cycle. Thus, our data demonstrated that TSPAN12 could be a novel molecular target for the treatment of OC.

• Proceedings of the Korean Biophysical Society Conference
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• 1998.06a
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• pp.13-13
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• 1998

The molecular mechanisms that arrest cardiomyocytes in the cell cycle during postnatal period remain largely unknown. The activity of CDKs control cell cycle progression, and this activity is regulated positively and negatively by association of CDKs with cyclins and cyelin dependent kinase inhibitors (CKIs) respectively.(omitted)

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.17-23
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• 1994

This study was performed to investigate the biostimulation effects of low level laser therapy (LLLT) on the fungus, Candida albicans, during the short term of cell cycle. Samples were divided into 6 groups which were P7, P9, P11, P15< CW and CO. All samples were irradiated for 1 minute with 2 hours of elapsed time during about 27 hours of the cell cycle of Candida albicans, and the optical density was assessed by spectrophotometry every 2 hours. It was found that there was no difference between the control and any other groups irradiated with 2 hours of short interval.

• Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.307-313
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• 1996

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of S-phase synthronized nuclear transfer on the development of nuclear transplant bovine embryos. A blastomere derived from the 16~32 cell stage bovine embryos was transferred into an enucleated metaphase II(MII) oocytes or activated S-phase eggs. From the MII-phase and S-phase nuclear transfer, 6.3%(4/63) and 13.8%(9/65) of nuclear transplant embryos developed to the blastocyst stage, respectively. In the S-phase nuclear transfer, maximal proportion of embryos developed to the blastocyst stage(16.6%) was obtained after the recipient cell was activated 8 h prior to receving a donor nucleus. MII-phase nuclear transplant embryos showed the PCC state of their nuclear at 1.5~2 h after fusion, whereas, S-phase nuclear transplant embryos did not undergo PCC. The result of this study suggests that if blastomeres of unknown cell-cycle-stage are used, S-phase nuclear transplantation through the activation of enucleated oocytes prior to fusion enhances development of nuclear transplant embryos. This result also suggests that the interval time from oocyte activation to cell fusion may affect the development of nuclear transplant embryos.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.685-689
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• 2013

Objective: To study the effects of down-regulation of HDAC6 expression on proliferation, cell cycling and migration of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) cells and related molecular mechanisms. Methods: ESCC cell line EC9706 cells were randomly divided into untreated (with no transfection), control siRNA (transfected with control siRNA) and HDAC6 siRNA (transfected with HDAC6 small interfering RNA) groups. Effects of HDAC6 siRNA interference on expression of HDAC6 mRNA and protein in EC9706 cells were investigated by semi-quantitative RT-PCR, Western blotting and immunocytochemistry methods. Effects of down-regulation of HDAC6 expression on cell proliferation, cell cycle, and cell migration were studied using a CCK-8 kit, flow cytometry and Boyden chambers, respectively. Changes of mRNA and protein expression levels of cell cycle related factor (p21) and cell migration related factor (E-cadherin) were investigated by semi-quantitative RT-PCR and Western blotting methods. Results: After transfection of HDAC6 siRNA, the expression of HDAC6 mRNA and protein in EC9706 cells was significantly downregulated. In the HDAC6 siRNA group, cell proliferation was markedly inhibited, the percentage of cells in G0/G1 phase evidently increased and the percentage of cells in S phase decreased, and the number of migrating cells significantly and obviously decreased. The mRNA and protein expression levels of p21 and E-cadherin in the HDAC6 siRNA group were significantly higher than those in the untreated group and the control siRNA group, respectively. Conclusions: HDAC6 siRNA can effectively downregulate the expression of HDAC6 mRNA and protein in EC9706 cells. Down-regulation of HDAC6 expression can obviously inhibit cell proliferation, arrest cell cycling in the G0/G1 phase and reduce cell migration. The latter two functions may be closely related with the elevation of mRNA and protein expression of p21 and E-cadherin.