• Title/Summary/Keyword: ccp

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Assessment of Microbial Quality on the Preparation of Stir-Fried Dried-Shrimp with Garlic stems in the Meal Service Operation for the Elderly (노인급식에서 제공되는 마늘쫑 새우 볶음의 미생물학적 품질평가)

  • Kim, Hae-Young
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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    • v.22 no.4
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    • pp.441-448
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    • 2007
  • The purpose of this study was to identify HACCP-based CCP and CP from the microbial quality assessment on the process of side dish (stir-fried dried-shrimp with garlic stems) production in the meal service operation for the elderly. Total plate counts (TPC) of fresh garlic stalks were $7.80{\times}10^{3}$ CFU/g and they were above the standard value of microbial growth potential. The TPC, Coliform and E.coli were not detected in the dried shrimps. The TPCs after rinsing and slicing the garlic stems were $2.5{\times}10^{2}$ CFU/g and $5.5{\times}10^{2}$ CFU/g, respectively. The TPC number of cook’s hand and cutting board were also exceeded the standard limit with values of $2.2{\times}10^{2}$ CFU/g and $10.0{\times}10$ CFU/g, respectively. However, the TPC, Coliform and E.coli were not detected in the other cooking instruments. The identified CCP in inspection step was fresh garlic stems and that of prepreparation step was slicing the stems after blanching. Cook’s hand and cutting board were also verified as CCP and the other steps in cooking process and utensils tested were identified as CP’s. These result’s suggest that it is important to control the microbial contamination of raw materials at purchasing step and the sanitary education program should be developed for the employees for continuous supplement of safe and sound meal service for the elderly.

Effect of Low-Molecular-Weight Collagen Peptide Extract Isolated from Scales of the Flathead Mullet (Mugil cephalus) on Lipid Metabolism in Hyperlipidemic Rats (숭어(Mugil cephalus) 비늘의 저분자 콜라겐 펩타이드 추출물이 고지혈증 흰쥐의 혈청 지질대사에 미치는 영향)

  • Kim, Han-Soo;Seong, Jong-Hwan;Lee, Young-Guen;Xie, Cheng-Liang;Choi, Woo-Seok;Kim, Su-Ha;Yoon, Ho-Dong
    • Food Science and Preservation
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    • v.16 no.6
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    • pp.938-945
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    • 2009
  • The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of ingestion of low-molecular-weight collagen peptides on lipid composition, blood glucose level, and enzyme activities in the serum of hyperlipidemic rats fed experimental diets for 5 weeks. Concentrations of total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol, free cholesterol, triglyceride (TG), phospholipid (PL), and blood glucose, the atherosclerotic index, and the cholesteryl ester ratio were higher in serum of the hyperlipidemic group (CW group), and the cholesterol-plus-collagen peptides extract group (CCP group) than in the control group (BG group basal diet plus water). However, the concentrations of total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, free cholesterol, TG, PL, and blood glucose, the atherosclerotic index, and the cholesteryl ester ratio in serum were lower in the CCP group than in the CW group. By contrast, the ratio of HDL-cholesterol to total cholesterol and the absolute HDL-cholesterol level in the CCP group were higher than in the CW group. The activities of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and aminotransferases (AST, ALT) in serum were lower in the CCP group than in the hyperlipidemic CW group. The results indicate that an extract of low-molecular-weight collagen peptides effectively inhibited increases in lipid elevation, blood glucose level, and enzyme activities, in the serum of hyperlipidemic rats.

Application of Predictive Food Microbiology Model in HACCP System of Milk (우유의 HACCP 시스템에서 Predictive Food Microbiology Model 이용)

  • 박경진;김창남;노우섭;홍종해;천석조
    • Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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    • v.16 no.2
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    • pp.103-110
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    • 2001
  • Predictive food microbiology(PFM) is an emerging area of food microbiology since the later 1980’s. It does apply mathematical models to predict the responses of microorganism to specified environmental variables. Although, at present, PFM models do not completely developed, models can provide very useful information for microbiological responses in HACCP(Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point) system and Risk Assessment. This study illustrates the possible use of PFM models(PMP: Pathogen Modeling Program win5.1) with milk in several elements in the HACCP system, such as conduction of hazard analysis and determination of CCP(Critical Control Points) and CL(Critical Limits). The factors likely to affect the growth of the pathogens in milk involved storage fixed factors were pH 6.7, Aw 0.993 and NaCl 1.3%. PMPwin5.1 calculated generation time, lag phase duration, time to level of infective dose for pathogens across a range of storage (Critical Control Points) and CL(Critical Limits). The factors likely to affect the growth of the pathogens in milk involved storage temperature, pH, Aw and NaCl content. The factors likely to affect the growth of the pathogens in milk involved storage temperature, pH, Aw and NaCl content. The variable factor was storage temperature at the range of 4~15$^{\circ}C$ and the fixed factors were pH 6.7, Aw 0.993 and NaC 1.3%. PMPwin5.1 calculated generation time, lag phase duration, time to level of infective dose for pathogens across a range of storage temperature.

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Development of an Improved Numerical Methodology for Design and Modification of Large Area Plasma Processing Chamber

  • Kim, Ho-Jun;Lee, Seung-Mu;Won, Je-Hyeong
    • Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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    • 2014.02a
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    • pp.221-221
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    • 2014
  • The present work proposes an improved numerical simulator for design and modification of large area capacitively coupled plasma (CCP) processing chamber. CCP, as notoriously well-known, demands the tremendously huge computational cost for carrying out transient analyses in realistic multi-dimensional models, because electron dissociations take place in a much smaller time scale (${\Delta}t{\approx}10-8{\sim}10-10$) than time scale of those happened between neutrals (${\Delta}t{\approx}10-1{\sim}10-3$), due to the rf drive frequencies of external electric field. And also, for spatial discretization of electron flux (Je), exponential scheme such as Scharfetter-Gummel method needs to be used in order to alleviate the numerical stiffness and resolve exponential change of spatial distribution of electron temperature (Te) and electron number density (Ne) in the vicinity of electrodes. Due to such computational intractability, it is prohibited to simulate CCP deposition in a three-dimension within acceptable calculation runtimes (<24 h). Under the situation where process conditions require thickness non-uniformity below 5%, however, detailed flow features of reactive gases induced from three-dimensional geometric effects such as gas distribution through the perforated plates (showerhead) should be considered. Without considering plasma chemistry, we therefore simulated flow, temperature and species fields in three-dimensional geometry first, and then, based on that data, boundary conditions of two-dimensional plasma discharge model are set. In the particular case of SiH4-NH3-N2-He CCP discharge to produce deposition of SiNxHy thin film, a cylindrical showerhead electrode reactor was studied by numerical modeling of mass, momentum and energy transports for charged particles in an axi-symmetric geometry. By solving transport equations of electron and radicals simultaneously, we observed that the way how source gases are consumed in the non-isothermal flow field and such consequences on active species production were outlined as playing the leading parts in the processes. As an example of application of the model for the prediction of the deposited thickness uniformity in a 300 mm wafer plasma processing chamber, the results were compared with the experimentally measured deposition profiles along the radius of the wafer varying inter-electrode gap. The simulation results were in good agreement with experimental data.

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A Methodology of Customer Churn Prediction based on Two-Dimensional Loyalty Segmentation (이차원 고객충성도 세그먼트 기반의 고객이탈예측 방법론)

  • Kim, Hyung Su;Hong, Seung Woo
    • Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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    • v.26 no.4
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    • pp.111-126
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    • 2020
  • Most industries have recently become aware of the importance of customer lifetime value as they are exposed to a competitive environment. As a result, preventing customers from churn is becoming a more important business issue than securing new customers. This is because maintaining churn customers is far more economical than securing new customers, and in fact, the acquisition cost of new customers is known to be five to six times higher than the maintenance cost of churn customers. Also, Companies that effectively prevent customer churn and improve customer retention rates are known to have a positive effect on not only increasing the company's profitability but also improving its brand image by improving customer satisfaction. Predicting customer churn, which had been conducted as a sub-research area for CRM, has recently become more important as a big data-based performance marketing theme due to the development of business machine learning technology. Until now, research on customer churn prediction has been carried out actively in such sectors as the mobile telecommunication industry, the financial industry, the distribution industry, and the game industry, which are highly competitive and urgent to manage churn. In addition, These churn prediction studies were focused on improving the performance of the churn prediction model itself, such as simply comparing the performance of various models, exploring features that are effective in forecasting departures, or developing new ensemble techniques, and were limited in terms of practical utilization because most studies considered the entire customer group as a group and developed a predictive model. As such, the main purpose of the existing related research was to improve the performance of the predictive model itself, and there was a relatively lack of research to improve the overall customer churn prediction process. In fact, customers in the business have different behavior characteristics due to heterogeneous transaction patterns, and the resulting churn rate is different, so it is unreasonable to assume the entire customer as a single customer group. Therefore, it is desirable to segment customers according to customer classification criteria, such as loyalty, and to operate an appropriate churn prediction model individually, in order to carry out effective customer churn predictions in heterogeneous industries. Of course, in some studies, there are studies in which customers are subdivided using clustering techniques and applied a churn prediction model for individual customer groups. Although this process of predicting churn can produce better predictions than a single predict model for the entire customer population, there is still room for improvement in that clustering is a mechanical, exploratory grouping technique that calculates distances based on inputs and does not reflect the strategic intent of an entity such as loyalties. This study proposes a segment-based customer departure prediction process (CCP/2DL: Customer Churn Prediction based on Two-Dimensional Loyalty segmentation) based on two-dimensional customer loyalty, assuming that successful customer churn management can be better done through improvements in the overall process than through the performance of the model itself. CCP/2DL is a series of churn prediction processes that segment two-way, quantitative and qualitative loyalty-based customer, conduct secondary grouping of customer segments according to churn patterns, and then independently apply heterogeneous churn prediction models for each churn pattern group. Performance comparisons were performed with the most commonly applied the General churn prediction process and the Clustering-based churn prediction process to assess the relative excellence of the proposed churn prediction process. The General churn prediction process used in this study refers to the process of predicting a single group of customers simply intended to be predicted as a machine learning model, using the most commonly used churn predicting method. And the Clustering-based churn prediction process is a method of first using clustering techniques to segment customers and implement a churn prediction model for each individual group. In cooperation with a global NGO, the proposed CCP/2DL performance showed better performance than other methodologies for predicting churn. This churn prediction process is not only effective in predicting churn, but can also be a strategic basis for obtaining a variety of customer observations and carrying out other related performance marketing activities.

ADP DRY ETCHER TECHNOLOGY (ADP Dry Etcher 장비개발의 현황)

  • Kim, Jeong-Tae
    • Proceedings of the Korean Society Of Semiconductor Equipment Technology
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    • 2008.05a
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    • pp.23-29
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    • 2008
  • - High Density Plasma Source-CCP-Dual/Triple, RF Frequency Control - Radical/Flux Analysis - Low Pressure Process - Chamber Design (Process gap/Wall gap) - Chamber Temp. Control. - ESC Dielectric Materials - Uniform Gas Injection

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닭도축장.계란집하장에 대한 HACCP 적용

  • 김대균
    • Proceedings of the Korea Society of Poultry Science Conference
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    • 2004.05a
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    • pp.39-50
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    • 2004
  • $\square$ HACCP 기본개념 o HACCP는 축산물작업장에서 위생에 영향을 미치는 생물학적, 화학적, 물리적 위해 요소분석(HA)후 주요 단계에 중요관리점(CCP)을 설정하여 중점 관리하는 과학적.체계적인 위생관리기법 (중략)

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