• Title/Summary/Keyword: causal interaction

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Comparing Interaction Effects between Causal and Control Factors in College Students' Online Contact and Distribution of Sexually Explicit Material (대학생의 온라인상의 불법 성콘텐츠 접촉과 불법 성콘텐츠 유통의 원인요인과 통제요인의 상호작용효과 비교)

  • Lee, Seong-Sik;Lim, Hyeong Yeon;Shin, Ji-Min
    • The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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    • v.21 no.5
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    • pp.465-476
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    • 2021
  • This study considers both causal and control factors for explaining both contact and distribution of sexually explicit material and tests their interaction effects for examining buffering effects of control factors in causal process. This study examines the effect of low self-control, differential association with peers and patriarchy family environmental factor as causal factors. It also considers three control factors such as morality. legal punishment, and lack of opportunity and test interaction effect between causal and control factors in both contact and distribution cases. Using data from college students in Seoul, results show that the effects of all causal factors are significant in both contact and distribution of sexually explicit material and the effect of differential association is the most significant. However, their interaction effects between causal and control factors are different across contact and distribution cases. In the contact case, all interaction effects are not significant. It means that causal factors have independent effects and control factors have no buffering effects. However, in the distribution case, the interaction effects between low self-control and morality, between differential association and morality, between patriarchy family and punishment, and between patriarchy family and lack of opportunity are significant. Empirical implications are discussed.

A Criticism of Disjunctive Cause: The Role of Moderate Variable, Causal Interaction, and Probability Trajectory in Disjunctive Causal Structure (선언 원인에 대한 평가와 대안: 조절 효과 변수, 인과상호작용, 확률 궤적에 토대한 인과 구조의 역할)

  • Kim, Joonsung
    • Korean Journal of Logic
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    • v.20 no.1
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    • pp.21-67
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    • 2017
  • In this paper, I critically examine Sartorio's (2006) argument for disjunctive cause, and put forth disjunctive causal structure in a different way. I show that the disjunctive causal structure meets not just what Sartorio means to claim but also our understanding of causal responsibility. First, I introduce Sartorio's argument for disjunctive cause. Second, I critically discuss Sartorio's responses to the criticisms of her arguments for disjunctive cause, and propose another problem with her arguments. Finally, I explicate in a different way Sartorio's disjunctive cause in terms of disjunctive causal structure founded on moderate variables, causal interaction, and probability trajectory. I notice, regarding the disjunctive causal structure, the role of causal interaction of cause events with moderate variables. I reveal, regarding the disjunctive causal structure, the significance of indetermination of cause events and effect events for our understanding of causal responsibility. I show that the disjunctive causal structure guides us more convincingly to assign causal responsibility to an agent. I come to three conclusions. First, there is no disjunctive cause event Sartorio argues for. Second, propensities of events to be causally connected to an effect event constitute disjunctive relation. Third, we should notice indetermination of cause events and effect events while assigning causal responsibility to an agent.

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Young Chilldren's Causal Reasoning on Psychology and Biology : Focusing on the Interaction between Domain-specificty and Domain-generality (심리와 생물 영역에서의 유아의 인과추론 : 영역특정성과 영역일반성의 상호작용)

  • Kim, Ji-Hyun
    • Journal of Families and Better Life
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    • v.26 no.5
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    • pp.333-354
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    • 2008
  • This study aimed to investigate the role of domain-specific causal mechanism information and domain-general conditional probability in young children's causal reasoning on psychology and biology. Participants were 121 3-year-olds and 121 4-year-olds recruited from seven childcare centers in Seoul, Kyonggi Province, and Busan. After participants watched moving pictures on psychological and biological phenomena, they were asked to choose appropriate cause and justify their choices. Results of this study were as follows: First, young children made different inferences according to domain-specific causal mechanisms. Second, the developmental level of causal mechanisms has a gap between psychology and biology, and biological knowledge was proved to be separate from psychological knowledge during the preschool period. Third, young children's causal reasoning was different depending on the interaction effect of domain-specific mechanisms and domain-general conditional probability: children could make more inferences based on domain-specific causal mechanisms if conditional probability between domain-appropriate cause and effect was evident. To conclude, it can be inferred that the role of domain-specific causal mechanisms and domain-general conditional probability is not competitive but complementary in young children's causal reasoning.

The Effects of Brand Experience on the Perceived Value of Customers in China and Korea

  • CHENG, Zhen-Feng;KIM, Gyu-Bae
    • The Journal of Economics, Marketing and Management
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    • v.9 no.3
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    • pp.1-9
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    • 2021
  • Purpose: This study investigates causal relationships among brand experience, perceived value and brand support behavior in both Chinese and Korean consumers, and also examines the moderating effects of interaction with customers in the relationships between brand experience and perceived value. Research design, data and methodology: Three research were presented and examined empirically in this study. First research question is about relationships among brand experience, perceived value and brand support behavior. Second is about the moderating role of interaction with customers and third is about the differences in the causal relationships between China consumers and Korean consumers. A total of 377 samples who had visited theme parks in China and Korea were surveyed. Results: Sensory experience, emotional experience, and cognitive experience have significant causal relationships with perceived value in Both Chinese and Korean consumers. Perceived value has a positive effect on brand support behavior and interaction with customer has a moderating effect between brand experience variables and perceived value in Both Chinese and Korean consumers. Second, the causal relationship between behavioral experience and perceived value is not significant in Both Chinese and Korean consumers. Third, there were significant differences in the effects of emotional experience and cognitive experience on perceived value between Chinese consumers and Korean consumers. Conclusions: Managers of theme park industry should design experience programs considering various brand experience variables for both Chines consumers and Korean consumers. Second, it is necessary to raise the level of customer interaction between employees and customers.

The Structural Relationship among Internal Locus of Control, Interaction, Satisfaction and Learning Persistence in Corporate e-Learning (기업 사이버교육 학습자들의 내적통제소재, 상호작용, 만족도, 학습지속의향 간의 구조적관계)

  • Joo, Young Ju;Shim, Woo Jin;Kim, Eun Kyung;Park, Su Yeong
    • Knowledge Management Research
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    • v.10 no.4
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    • pp.31-42
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    • 2009
  • With the rapid development of information technology, e-learning is growing in corporate. However, there are still problems in learning, such as low learning persistence rate. Learning outcomes are complex phenomenon influenced by a multitude of factors, it is need to considering the direct and indirect causal relationship among various factors. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to develop the causal model that explains the learning outcomes (satisfaction learning persistence) in corporate e-learning. This study was also intended to examine the causal relationship between the interaction and learning persistence through satisfaction mediators. For this, online survey was conducted with a sample of 270 learners who enrolled in cyber training course at A company. The major findings of this study are as follows: First, internality (internal locus of control, ${\beta}=.154$), interaction (${\beta}=.489$), satisfaction (${\beta}=.304$) have direct effect on learning persistence. Second, the interaction has direct effect on the satisfaction (${\beta}=.320$). Third, the satisfaction has direct effect on the learning persistence, and mediating the interaction and learning persistence. This result will contribute to build a learning strategy to improve learning outcomes.

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The Role of Domain-specific Causal Mechanism and Domain-general Conditional Probability in Young Children's Causal Reasoning on Physics and Psychology (영역특정론과 영역일반론에 따른 유아의 인과추론 - 물리, 심리 영역을 중심으로 -)

  • Kim, Jihyun;Yi, Soon Hyung
    • Korean Journal of Child Studies
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    • v.29 no.5
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    • pp.243-269
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    • 2008
  • The role of domain-specific causal mechanism information and domain-general conditional probability in young children's causal reasoning on physics and psychology was investigated with the participation of 121 3-year-olds and 121 4-year-olds recruited from seven child care centers in Seoul, Kyonggi Province, and Busan. Children watched moving pictures on physical and psychological phenomena, and were asked to choose an appropriate cause and justify their choice. Results showed that young children's causal reasoning differed depending on domain-specific mechanism. In addition, their causal reasoning on physics and psychology differed by the developmental level of causal mechanism. The interaction of domain-specific mechanism and domain-general conditional probability influenced children's causal reasoning : evident conditional probability between domain-appropriate cause and effect helped children make more inferences based on domain-specific causal mechanism.

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An Integrated Test of Interaction Effect between Causes and Internet Ethics of Smart Phone Cyber Bullying (스마트폰 이용에서 사이버폭력의 그 원인들 및 인터넷윤리의 통제효과에 대한 통합적 검증 연구)

  • Jang, Ha-Young;Lee, Seong-Sik
    • Informatization Policy
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    • v.26 no.2
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    • pp.46-61
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    • 2019
  • This study constructs an integrated model for university students' smart phone cyber bullying and tests interaction effects between causal and control factors. Causal factors include low self-control, differential association with cyber bullying peers, and victimization experiences; and control factors include internet ethics, perceived certainty of formal punishment, and bond to parents. This study focuses on examining how internet ethics buffers the effect of causal factors in cyber bullying. Results show that both differential association with cyber bullying peers and victimization experiences have significant effects on cyber bullying. And among the control factors, internet ethics only has a negative direct effect on cyber bullying. In addition, it is found that there are significant interaction effects between two causal factors - differential association with cyber bullying peers and victimization experiences - and internet ethics. It is also shown that there is a significant interaction effect between victimization experience and bond to parents, but a perceived formal punishment has no significant control effect. It is revealed that internet ethics is a main control factor in buffering the effects of causal factors in cyber bullying.

A Study on the Effect of CRM Considerations Affecting Customer Interaction Performance through the Moderating Effect of CRM Information System Capability (CRM 도입에 관한 적정성 확보 정도가 CRM 정보기술역량을 매개로 고객 상호작용 성과에 미치는 영향)

  • Lee, Jung Min;Song, Sang Ho;Jeo, Hea June
    • Journal of Information Technology Applications and Management
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    • v.20 no.2
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    • pp.15-37
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    • 2013
  • In this study, the validity of CRM introductory is defined as a driving force for the introduction of technology and concepts such as competence factors of CRM. Effect on the ability to verify the information technology CRM using this concept, we examined the effect of force CRM information technology has on the outcome from the point of view of the customer interaction. And we have tested the moderate effect for size of the company and the industry shape to the relationship between the adequacy and implementation of CRM. As a result, technical adequacy and competence of CRM implementation CRM, has a significant causal relationship to CRM information technology capability. Competence of CRM implementation has a causal relationship with care for the outcome of the interaction of the customer, shows the validity of the introduction of CRM companies are seeking Modulatory effect was verified using the company's size and industry classification, was significant only for the classification of industries. This result shows that must find ways to introduce the CRM industry depending on the form of different.

Causal Effects Along Transitive Causal Routes: Reconsidering Two Concepts of Effects Founded on Structural Equation Model (이행적 인과 경로를 통한 원인 효과에 대한 해명: 구조 방정식에 토대한 인과 모형의 원인 효과 개념에 대한 평가와 대안)

  • Kim, Joonsung
    • Korean Journal of Logic
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    • v.18 no.1
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    • pp.83-133
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    • 2015
  • In this paper, I pose a problem for Hitchcock's arguments for two concepts of effects that are intended to explicate double causal effects, and put forth a theory that is intended not just to meet the problem but also to accommodate Hitchcock's theory and Eells' theory both. First, I introduce an example of dual causal effects, and examine the accounts of Otte(1985) and Eells(1987) on how to explicate the dual effects. I show that their accounts of the dual effects help us understand the problem of dual effects and see how different it is for Cartwright(1979, 1989, 1995), Eells(1991, 1995), and Hitchcock(2001a) to meet the problem. Second, I introduce two concepts of effects on Hitchcock(2001a), that is, net effect and component effect that are allegedly analogous to two effects of structural equation model. Third, I reveal the significance of homogeneous subpopulation and causal interaction regarding the problem of dual effects while examining Cartwright's theory and Elles' theory. Fourth, I critically examine the two concepts of effects on Hitchcock and argue against Hitchcock's criticism of Eells' theory. Fifth, I take a moderator variable of structural equation model and a moderator effect into the probabilistic theory of causality, and formally generalize causal interaction due to the dual effects in terms of disjunctive relation and counterfactual conditionals. I expect my account of disjunctive relation and counterfactual conditionals to contribute not just to several problems the received theories of causal modelling confront but also to the structural equation models many people exploit as a promising statistical methodology.

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A Causal Recommendation Model based on the Counterfactual Data Augmentation: Case of CausRec (반사실적 데이터 증강에 기반한 인과추천모델: CausRec사례)

  • Hee Seok Song
    • Journal of Information Technology Applications and Management
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    • v.30 no.4
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    • pp.29-38
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    • 2023
  • A single-learner model which integrates the user's positive and negative perceptions is proposed by augmenting counterfactual data to the interaction data between users and items, which are mainly used in collaborative filtering in this study. The proposed CausRec showed superior performance compared to the existing NCF model in terms of F1 value and AUC in experiments using three published datasets: MovieLens 100K, Amazon Gift Card, and Amazon Magazine. Compared to the existing NCF model, the F1 and AUC values of CausRec showed 1.2% and 2.6% performance improvement in MovieLens 100K data, and 2.2% and 10% improvement in Amazon Gift Card data, respectively. In particular, in experiments using Amazon Magazine data, F1 and AUC values were improved by 11.7% and 21.9%, respectively, showing a significant performance improvement effect. The performance of CausRec is improved because both positive and negative perceptions of the item were reflected in the recommendation at the same time. It is judged that the proposed method was able to improve the performance of the collaborative filtering because it can simultaneously alleviate the sparsity and imbalance problems of the interaction data.