• 한국어류학회지
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.236-240
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• 2005

중국(中國) 석강성(淅江省)의 영강(靈江)(Ling River)에서 채집(採集)한 32개체(個體)의 표본(標本)을 근거(根據)로 하여 중국산(中國産) 미꾸리과(科) 1신종(新種) Cobitis zhejiangensis를 기재(記載)하였다. 본(本) 종(種)은 외형상(外形上)으로 유사(類似)한 C. sinensis에 비(比)해서는 체고(體高)와 미병고(尾柄高)가 높은 반면(反面) 미병장(尾柄長)이 현저(顯著)히 짧았으며, 체측(體側) 반문(斑紋)의 수(數)와 형태(形態)에 있어서도 뚜렷한 차이(差異)를 보였다. 특(特)히 짧은 미병장(尾柄長)과 제2(第二) Gambetta's zone의 반문(斑紋)의 수(數)와 형태(形態)는 Cobitis속(屬)의 어떤 종(種)과도 구별(區別)되는 본(本) 종(種)의 특징적(特徵的)인 형질(形質)로 판단(判斷)되었다.

• 한국발생생물학회지:발생과생식
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.237-245
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• 2016

Direct communication between neighboring cells via gap junction in tissue is important for maintenance and regulation of its physiological functions. Each epididymal region has different composition of cell types. It is well recognized that the epididymis is a steroid hormone-responsive tissue. The present study was designed to determine the effect of estradiol benzoate (EB) or flutamide exposured at the early postnatal age on the expression of connexin (Cx) isoforms in the caudal epididymis. The EB or flutamide was subcutaneously administrated to male Spragure Dawley rat at 7 days of age, and expressional changes of Cx isoforms in the adult corpus epididymis were determined by quantitative real-time PCR. The treatment of low-dose EB resulted in decreases of Cx30.3, Cx31.1, Cx37, and Cx45 expression but caused an increase of Cx32 expression. Exposure to high-dose EB led into expressional increases of Cx31, Cx31.1, Cx32, Cx40, and Cx43, even though a decrease of Cx37 expression was found with a high-dose EB treatment. A low-dose flutamide induced increases of Cx31, Cx31.1, Cx32, and Cx43 expression but a decrease of Cx37 expression. Expression of most Cx genes were significantly increased by a high-dose flutamide, while no expressional change of Cx26 and Cx40 was detected by a high-dose flutamide. These results indicate that expression of Cx isoforms in the caudal epididymis is altered by exposure to steroidal compounds at the prepubertal age. It is suggested that a contact with environmental exogenous materials during the early postnatal period would lead to alteration of epididymal functions at the adult.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제19권12호
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• pp.1557-1564
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• 2009

Human CDX2 is known as a caudal-related homeodomain transcription factor that is expressed in the intestinal epithelium and is important in differentiation and maintenance of the intestinal epithelial cells. The caudal-related homeobox proteins bind DNA according to a helix-turn-helix structure, thereby increasing the structural stability of DNA. A cancer-tumor suppressor role for Cdx2 has been shown by a decrease in the level of the expression of Cdx2 in colorectal cancer, but the mechanism of transcriptional regulation has not been examined at the molecular level. We developed a large-scale system for expression of the recombinant, novel CDX2, in Escherichia coli. A highly purified and soluble CDX2 protein was obtained in E. coli strain BL21(DE3)RIL and a hexahistidine fusion system using Ni-NTA affinity column, anion exchange, and gel filtration chromatographies. The identity and secondary structure of the purified CDX2 protein were confirmed by MALDI-TOF MS, Western blot, and a circular dichroism analyses. In addition, we studied the DNA-binding activity of recombinant CDX2 by ELISA experiment and isolated human CDX2-binding proteins derived from rat cells by an immobilized GST-fusion method. Three CDX2-binding proteins were found in the gastric tissue, and those proteins were identified to the homeobox protein Hox-D8, LIM homeobox protein 6, and SMC1L1 protein.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제60권2호
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• pp.205-210
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• 2017

Objective : This study was performed to evaluate and compare the efficacies of caudal epidural injections performed at prone and lateral decubitus positions. Methods : A total of 120 patients suffering from low back pain and radicular leg pain were included and patients were randomly distributed into 2 groups according to the position during injection. In Group 1 (n=60; 32 women, 28 men), caudal epidural injection was performed at prone position, whereas it was implemented at lateral decubitus position in Group 2 (n=60; 33 women, 27 men). Visual analogue scale, Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), walking tolerance (WT) and standing tolerance (ST) were compared in 2 groups before and after injection. Results : In Group 1, ODI values were higher at 30th minute (p=0.007), 3rd week (p=0.043) and 6th month (p=0.013). In Group 1, ODI, VAS and ST values were improved significantly at all follow-up periods compared to initial values. In Group 1, WT scores were better than initial values at 30th minute, 3rd week and 3rd month. In Group 2, ODI scores at 30th minute, 3rd week, 3rd month and 6th month were improved while VAS and ST scores were improved at all periods after injection. WT scores were better at 30th minute, 3rd week and 3rd month compared to initial WT scores. Conclusion : Our results indicated that application of injection procedure at lateral decubitus position allowing a more concentrated local distribution may provide better relief of pain.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.196-199
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• 2015

유선종양의 병력이 있는 7년령의 중성화하지 않은 암컷 닥스훈트견과 중성화하지 않은 수컷 요크셔테리어견이 유선종양의 전이평가와 정기 검진을 위해 내원하였다. 두 증례 모두에서 복부 컴퓨터단층촬영 검사가 실시되었으며, 후대정맥 분절 무형성증이 우연히 발견되었다. 닥스훈트견은 복강내의 신후-후대정맥 분절이 결손되었고, 요크셔테리어견은 신전-후대정맥 분절이 신후-후대정맥 분절과 연속되지 않았다. 두 증례 모두에서 장골 정맥의 합류로 형성된 신전-후대정맥 분절이 확장된 홀정맥으로 연속되었다. 개에서 컴퓨터 단층촬영을 이용하여 복강내 혈관 기형을 평가할 때, 우연히 발견될 수 있는 후대정맥 분절 무형성증을 고려해야 한다.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.40-45
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• 2007

Background: Caudal block is useful when anesthesia for surgery or treatment for chronic pain is needed, but this procedure has a failure rate of up to 25% even when it performed byan experienced physician. This high failure rate is usually due to improper needle placement. Methods: After gaining approval of the ethics committee, 46 patients received caudal blocks under ultrasound guidance; these were performed after the anatomical structures in the sacral hiatus had been measured with ultrasound. All these procedures were performed by the same anesthesiologist. The position and direction of the needle were identified using fluoroscopy by injecting a radio-opaque contrast through the needle. The time taken from thelidocaine injection to verification of the needle was measured and the planned nerve block was then carried out. Results: All cases of needle insertion into the sacral canal under ultrasound guidance were successful. The average duration of the procedure and the trial count were $134.1{\pm}10.1seconds$ and $1.2{\pm}0.1$, respectively. In 12 of the 46 cases (26%), the needle deviated either left or right in the sacral canal, so the direction of the needle had to be adjusted. The distance between two cornua, the depth of the sacral hiatus and the thickness and length of the sacrococcygeal ligament were $17.1{\pm}0.4$, $3.9{\pm}0.3$, $2.3{\pm}0.1$ and $24.9{\pm}0.9mm$, respectively. Conclusions: Ultrasound guidance can increase the success rate of inserting a needle into the sacral canal. However, even when ultrasound is used, the needle can deviate either left or right in the sacral canal.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.685-688
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• 2004

The morphology of the post-larva of Liopropoma japonicum of the family serranidae is described from one specimen collected off Jeju Island ($32^{\circ}42'N,\;127^{\circ}45'E$) on May 3, 2001. The body is laterally compressed and caudal peduncle deep at 19.4 mm BL. Anus locates at a vertical through posteriormost(8th) dorsal-fin spine. Dorsal fin rays were VIII, 14; anal fin rays III, 10; pectroal fin rays 16; pelvic fin rays I, 5. A caudal fin is rounded. Length of elongate second and third dorsal-fin spines are 499% and 423% of the body length, respectively. A series of 50 sensory pores on body is elongated to caudal fin. Head spination is well developed. Melanophores are moderately large and dense in the head, and are small and rare in teh neck. Being freshly collected, the body color is yellowish-red and tail is semitransparent. The head is yellowish-red and the brain is dark-red.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제47권6호
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• pp.495-504
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• 2020

The primary procedural components of deviated nose correction are as follows: osteotomy to correct bony deviation, septal deviation correction, manipulation of the dorsal septum to correct upper lateral cartilage deviation, and correction of functional problems (manipulation for correction of internal valve collapse and hypertrophy of the inferior turbinate). The correction of tip and nostril asymmetry cannot be overemphasized, because if tip and nostril asymmetry is not corrected, patients are unlikely to provide favorable evaluations from an aesthetic standpoint. Tip asymmetry, deviated columella, and resulting nostril asymmetry are primarily caused by lower lateral cartilage problems, which include deviation of the medial crura, discrepancy in the height of the medial crura, and asymmetry or deformity of the lateral crura. However, caudal and dorsal septal deviation, which is a more important etiology, should also be corrected. A columellar strut graft, correction of any discrepancy in the height of the medial crura, or lateral crural correction is needed to correct lower lateral cartilage deformation depending on the type. In order to correct caudal septal deviation, caudal septal shortening, repositioning, or the cut-and-suture technique are used. Surgery to correct dorsal septal deviation is performed by combining a scoring and splinting graft, a spreader graft, and/or the clocking suture technique. Moreover, when correcting a deviated nose, correction of asymmetry of the alar rim and alar base should not be overlooked to achieve tip and nostril symmetry.

• Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.93-102
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• 1997

조간대와 수심 20m 미만의 조하대 모래틈에서 채집한 해양 완보류 2신종 - Batillipes longispinosus n. sp., B. orientalis n. sp. - 을 기재한다. 이들 2신종은 미성숙 개체와 성체 모두에서 몸통 뒷부분에 돌기가 없으며 머리에 난 여러 돌기들이 길다는 점, 제 4다리위에 긴돌기를 가진다는 점에서 특징적이다. B. longispinosus n. sp.는 Batillipes 속에 기록된 21종 중에서 B. tubernatis Pollock과 가장 유사하나 4번째 다리에 긴 돌기를 가지는 점에서 다르다. 또한 B. orientalis n. sp. 는 몸 측면 돌기를 가진다는 점에서 B. roscoffensis Kristensen와 닮았으나 머리의 모양과 4번째 다리에 긴 돌기를 가지는 점에서 뚜렷하게 구별된다.

• BMB Reports
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• 제37권5호
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• pp.625-628
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• 2004

Homeobox genes encode a family of transcription factors that have essential roles in regulating the development of eukaryotes. Although they have been extensively studied in different phyla, relatively little is known about homeobox-containing genes and their function in molluscs. In this study, we used a polymerase chain reaction to investigate homeobox genes in the bivalve mollusc Pecten maximus. Four different homeobox sequences were identified; two were homologues of the non-Hox cluster gene caudal and the two remaining sequences had a significant homology to the ANT-C gene proboscipedia. These sequences represent the first cad and pb homologues isolated from a member of the class Bivalvia, phylum Mollusca.