• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.143-151
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• 2001

Objective : This study was undertaken to determine whether Scutellaria balicalensis Georgi (SbG) extract exerts the protective effect against oxidant-induced alterations in organic cation transport in the renal proximal tubule. Methods : Organic cation transport was estimated by examining alterations in tetraethylammon - ium(TEA) uptake in rabbit renal cortical slices. The slices were treated with 0.2 mM tBHP for 60 min at $37^{\circ}C$. tBHP caused an inhibition in TEA uptake by renal cortical slices. Such an effect was accompanied by depressed Na+-K+-ATPase activity and ATP depletion. tBHP also induced a significant increase in LDH release. Results : SbG prevented tBHP-induced inhibition of TEA uptake in a dose-dependent manner at the concentration ranges of 0.05-0.1%. tBHP-induced inhibition of Na+-K+-ATPase activity and ATP depletion were significantly prevented by 0.05% SbG. tBHP-induced LDH release also was blocked by SbG. tBHP caused a significant increase in lipid peroxidation and its effect was prevented by SbG. Conclusion : These results suggest that SbG prevents oxidant-induced alterations in organic cation transport in rabbit renal cortical slices. Such protective effects of SbG may be attributed to inhibition of peroxidation of membrane lipid.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.667-675
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• 2010

This research did chistosan and cation treatment to raise K/S vlue. In this result, chitosan 1%, cation 4% treatment showed the highest K/S value. Gilycyrrhizae radix dyeing showed the highest K/S value in pH3, pre-mordant, $30^{\circ}C$, 80 min.. Its color Y, YR. K/S value over 2.5 times showed in chitosan treatment fabrics, 5 times in cation treatment fabrics than cotton fabrics on the condition of none-mordant ones. In the antibacterial activity, staphylococus showed 99.9% in all fabrics. Klebsilla Pneumonia also showed 97.1% in chitosan treatment fabrics and it showed 99.9% in other all fabrics. In the deodorization and UV-cut effect, the more K/S value and the larger effect was showed.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.326-328
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• 2013

Sericin undergoes gelation by the structural transition from random coil to b-sheet transition. In the present study, the gelation time of sericin solution was investigated in the presence of NaCl, KCl and $CaCl_2$. The addition of salts delayed the gelation time, and $CaCl_2$ had the most pronounced effect, which delayed about 8 h at maximum. The gelation time increased with the concentration of salt. The transition of secondary structure of sericin was retarded in the presence of salt. The effect of salts on the gelation time of sericin might be due to the solvation effect of relevant cation.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.510-513
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• 2012

Palladium particles were synthesized by conventional chemical reduction method with ionic liquids. The size and shape of palladium particles were significantly affected by the cation parts of ionic liquids. This is mainly attributed to the different stabilities of the ionic liquid structure formed by the physical bond between the cation parts. Among ionic liquids with [$BF_{4}$] as an anion part, the hexyl substituent in the cation parts was more effective to synthesize palladium particles with the smaller size and more uniform shape.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.263-269
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• 2002

This study was conducted to know the removal characteristics of ammonia nitrogen by commercially available cation exchange resins. Eight acidic cation exchange resins were investigated in batch reactors. Among them, the most effective resin for ammonia removal in solution was PK228, which was a strong acidic resin of $Na^{+}$ type. PK228 was compared with activated carbon and natural zeolite. The effects of cation exchange capacity, ammonia concentration, resin amount, temperature and pH on ammonia removal by PK228 were investigated in batch reactor, and the effect of effluent velocity in continuous column reactor. Strong acidic resins of porous type were more effective than week acidic resins or gel type resins for ammonia removal in solution. PK228 was more effective than activated carbon and natural zeolite for ammonia removal in batch reactor. With increasing initial ammonia concentration, the amount of ammonia removed by PK228 increased, but the proportion of removed ammonia to initial ammonia concentration decreased. The effect or temperature on ammonia removal by PK228 was very slight. The ammonia removal to acidic solution was more effective than that at basic solution. With decreasing effluent velocity of solution through column, breakthrough point extended, and ammonia removal capacity increased.d.

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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• v.36 no.5 s.108
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• pp.78-84
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• 2004

Lignin precipitated from black liquor of soda pulping of bagasse was used to prepare cation-exchange resin. The effect of sulfuric acid treatment, concentration of phenol and formaldehyde on the properties of the prepared cation-exchange resin was investigated. It was found that sulfonated resinified phenolated lignin gave a resin with an ion-exchange capacity higher than that of resin, which resulted from sulfonation of resinified lignin at zero phenol concentration. Infrared spectroscopy of the prepared ion-exchange resin shows anew bands at 1060, 1160, 1280 and $1330\;cm^{-1}$ which indicated to the presence of $SO_{3}$.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.145-148
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• 1971

Mitochondria were isolated from Chlorella cells effects of cation on solute permeability of mitochondrial membrane were investigated using P$^{32}$ as a tracer. It was strikingly increased uptake of phosphate for NaCl, KCl, while evidently decreased phosphate uptake of mitochondrial membrane for $MgCl_2$, $CaCl_2$. This consider that uptake of monovalent cation were increased, but uptake of divalentcation were decreased for permeability of mitochondrial membrane as if the permeability of protoplasmic membrane.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.11 no.6
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• pp.495-498
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• 1998

The effect of high concentration ion matrix on the analysis of low anion concentration in the suppressed ion chromatography was studied. The anions studied were $Br^-$, $NO_3{^-}$, $HPO_4^{2-}$, $SO_4^{2-}$, and $C_2O_4^{2-}$ in the presence of excess NaCl and $CaCl_2$. In this study we suggested that the erroneous results in the suppressed ion chromatographic determination of small concentration of anions were not caused by the interaction of large amount of cation in the suppressor, but by the interaction of cation with concerned anion in the original solution. The error in the analysis of such anion can not be eliminated just by dilution. Therefore, we suggested that standard addition method might be adequate for analyses of those samples.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.654-661
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• 2005

Copper is a well known alloying element that is used to improve the resistance to general corrosion of stainless steel And also Cu cation have the anti-fouling effect to inhibit adhesion of the marine algae and shellfish to the surface of heat exchanger cooling pipe or outside wall of the ship, Therefore there are some anti-fouling methods such as anti-fouling Paint mixed with copper oxide or MGPS(Marine Growth Preventing System) by using Cu cation dissolved to the sea wather solution. Cu cation can be dissolved spontaneously by galvanic current due to Potential difference between Cu and cooling pipe of heat exchanger with Ti material, which may be one of the anti-fouling designs. In this study the effect of annealing heat treatment to galvanic current and Polarization behavior was investigated with a electrochemical points of view such as measurement of corrosion Potential, anodic polarization curve. cyclic voltammetric curve, galvanic current etc The grain size of the surface in annealed at $700^{\circ}C$ was the smallest than that of other annealing temperatures. and also the corrosion Potential showed more positive potential than other annealing temperatures. The galvanic current between Ti and Cu with annealed at $700^{\circ}C$ was the largest value in the case of static condition. However its value in the case of flow condition was the smallest than the other temperatures. Therefore in order to increase anti-fouling effect by Cu cation, the optimum annealing temperature in static condition of sea water is $700^{\circ}C$, however non- heat treated specimen in the case of flow condition may be desirable.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.551-554
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• 2016

Silver particles were synthesized by chemical reduction with ionic liquids. Structure of silver particles were significantly affected by the cation parts of the ionic liquids. With increasing the length of the cation part, the smaller silver particles were formed regardless of the anion type. This is mainly attributed to the different stability of the ionic liquid structure formed by physical bond between cation parts. Among seven ionic liquids, [Omim][$PF_6$] was the most effective for synthesizing silver particles.