• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.449-462
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• 2014

Seismically induced structural damage, as well as any damage caused by a natural catastrophic event, covers a wide area. This suggests to supervise the event consequences by vision tools. This paper reports the evolution from the results obtained by the project RADATT (RApid Damage Assessment Telematics Tool) funded by the European Commission within FP4. The aim was to supply a rapid and reliable damage detector/estimator for an area where a catastrophic event had occurred. Here, a general open-source methodology for the detection and the estimation of the damage caused by natural catastrophes is developed. The suitable available hazard and vulnerability data and satellite pictures covering the area of interest represent the required bits of information for updated telematics tools able to manage it. As a result the global damage is detected by the simple use of open source software. A case-study to a highly dense agglomerate of buildings is discussed in order to provide the main details of the proposed methodology.

• 수완나부미
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.143-156
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• 2020

The 1968 Huế Massacre is a horrifying event rarely mentioned today in Vietnamese history and mass media. It is forgotten perhaps because it is simply indescribable. This study reads a song by Vietnamese musician Trịnh Công Sơn, where he attempted to chronicle the catastrophic images of the massacre. We use the notion of symbolic death in psychoanalysis to interpretation of the song, and shed a new light on how it captured this historical event which eludes understanding.

• 항공우주시스템공학회지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.7-12
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• 2012

Fuel tank design requires special care because tank explosion can cause catastrophic event with high possibility as shown in accident of TWA 800. In this study, cause of fuel tank explosion was reviewed and several design considerations to minimize explosion possibility were introduced.

• Animal cells and systems
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.169-177
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• 2011

In August 2002, a heavy rainfall (445 mm in total for 5 consecutive days) resulted in a catastrophic flood, and it completely washed away the benthic fauna from the mainstream channel of the Gapyeong stream, a typical mid-sized stream in the central Korean peninsula. This study was to investigate the recovery patterns of aquatic insect communities that were damaged by the flood. Aquatic insects were sampled quantitatively using a Surber sampler ($50{\times}50$ cm, 1 riffle and 1 pool/run habitats per site) from three sites (4th-6th order) of the Gapyeong stream prior to 2000 and seasonally after the flood event from 2003 to 2006. Before the flood in the reference year (2000), a total of 77 species of aquatic insects were collected, whereas after the flood 47 species (2003), 51 species (2004), 64 species (2005) and 55 species (2006) were collected from the whole sampling sites. The aquatic insect density decreased to 26.85% (2003), 90.25% (2004), 52.53% (2005) and 54.95% (2006) of that recorded in the reference year. Although approximately 70% of the aquatic insect fauna has recovered since the flood event, the species composition in the most recent year differed substantially (similarity ca. 50%). On the other hand, the compositions of functional groups have not significantly changed. Aquatic insect communities at the riffle sites were affected more profoundly than those at the pool/run sites. The aquatic insect communities at the upstream site recovered more rapidly than those at the downstream sites.

• 비파괴검사학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.79-85
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• 1996

복합 재료의 single-lap 및 double-strap adhesive bonding joint 시험편에서 피로 및 인장시험시 방출되는 AE 신호의 분석에 의한 피로 수명 예측 및 파괴 과정의 감시에 대한 연구를 수행하였다. Bonding 시험편의 피로시험시 AE event의 발생양상은 피로에 의해 축적된 elastic strain energy의 방출과 관계되며, peak amplitude가 높고 event duration이 긴 event의 발생 영역과 peak amplitude가 낮고 event duration이 짧으나 많은 event가 발생되는 영역으로 나눌 수 있었다. 그리고 두 영역 사이의 경계 cycle은 피로 수명의 70-80% 근방에 존재하였으며, 이를 이용한다면 피로 수명의 예측이 가능하리라 판단된다.

• 미술이론과 현장
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• 제13호
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• pp.157-184
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• 2012

This essay examines Jacques Callot's Les Grandes Mis$\grave{e}$res et Malheurs de la Guerre (1633) as a moral meditation on war as catastrophe. It also uses Callot's Miseries to reflect on the nature of catastrophe as such, particularly as "An event producing a subversion of the order or system of things." As such, catastrophe refers less to nature or the natural gone awry, than it does to the abnegation or suspension of moral aspects of human nature. More than a reflection on war as catastrophe, and catastrophe as fundamentally moral, Callot's Miseries are a timeless meditation on aspects of the human condition; or on human beings in what amounts to state of nature-as evidenced in times of disaster. Such reflection, again, does not by itself imply that all war-even when catastrophic-is unnecessary, let alone necessarily unjust. But it does suggest that artistic engagement with war understood as catastrophic, may yield insights into human nature that are as important to human self-understanding as those represented in artistic subject matter that is more quotidian.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• 제57권1호
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• pp.42-50
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• 2019

국내 산업이 발전함에 따라 유해화학물질의 사용이 급속도로 증가하고 있고, 이에 따른 화학사고 역시 증가하고 있다. 대부분의 화학사고는 저장시설에서 화학물질의 누출로 인해 발생하지만, 갑작스러운 고온 고압으로 인해 저장시설이 파열됨으로써 내부의 물질이 순간적으로 방출되는 사고 역시 발생하고 있다. 이것을 catastrophic failure라고 부르며 그 빈도는 매우 낮지만, 발생했을 때 피해 규모는 매우 크다. 국내에서는 2013년 울산의 한 현장에서 물탱크의 파열로 인해 3명의 사망자를 포함한 15명의 사상자가 발생하였고, 전 세계적으로 1919년부터 2004년까지 저장시설의 순간 전량 방출 사고가 64건 발생하였다. 저장시설에서 위험물질이 누출될 경우 외부로의 확산을 방지하는 방류벽이 존재하지만, 저장시설의 파괴로 물질이 순간적으로 방출되는 경우 내부 물질이 방류벽 바깥으로 넘치는 현상이 발생한다. 이를 월파 현상 또는 overtopping 이라 한다. 해외에서는 저장시설의 순간 전량 방출 사고에 따른 overtopping 효과를 실험을 통해 연구해왔다. 본 연구에서는 선행연구를 바탕으로 전산유체역학(CFD) 시뮬레이션을 이용하여 국내 규정을 준수하는 방류벽의 설계 조건별 overtopping 효과를 확인해 보았다. 그 결과, 방류벽 용량의 최소기준을 만족한 상태에서 높이가 높아지고 설비와의 거리가 가까워짐에 따라 내부 물질이 방류벽 외부로 빠져나가는 현상은 줄어들었다. 추가로 대기조건 및 물질의 종류, 방류벽 형상에 따른 overtopping의 효과를 확인함으로써, 순간 전량 방출 사고의 피해를 고려한 방류벽의 설계 방향 및 저감 대책을 제시하고자 한다.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.687-690
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• 1984

Aortic dissection, a condition characterized by hemorrhage into the media and variable extension along the length of the aorta, has long been recognized as a catastrophic Cardiovascular event. Recent developments in diagnostic and therapeutic skills have improved the prognosis considerably, but there is still controversy as to how cases should be managed. We experienced a case of dissecting aortic aneurysm [DeBakey Type III ], which were managed using intensive medical treatment. The period of follow up was about 11 years. At last, patient was died by progression of dissection into proximal aorta and resulted in aortic insufficiency and congestive heart failure.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제26권6호
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• pp.507-509
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• 1993

Esophageal perforation, regardless of the etiology, is a catastrophic event. The importances of early diagnosis and an aggressive surgical approach in the management of such a potentially lethal situation are stressed, in fact the mortality rate is directly related to the interval between perforation and initiation of treatment. We experienced a rare case of esophageal rupture caused by compressed air which produce a rupture of the colon not infrequently, which was treated successfully by an aggressive surgical approach consisting of closure of the perforation and adequate drainage.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.83-88
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• 2023

The increasing global average temperature and the emergence of various abnormal climate phenomena are already being experienced in reality. The problems arising from climate change are expanding and becoming catastrophic, despite the efforts of various organizations to prevent them. In order to avoid climate issues from becoming black elephants, we conducted interviews with emergency planning officer from various institutions to identify potential X-events caused by climate change. The results of analyzing the anticipated X-events by these emergency planning officer revealed a chain of ripple effects associated with their occurrence. This implies that once an X-event happens, its influence is broader and more significant. Through this study, we aim to share the understanding of the ripple effects of climate X-events with many people, raising awareness of the severity of climate issues. We hope that this will serve as a starting point for more institutions, individuals, and nations to make efforts in resolving climate problems, turning X-events into opportunities rather than crises.