• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.516-521
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• 2004

In this paper, the effects of ethanol blended gasoline on emissions and their catalytic conversion efficiencies characteristics were investigated in gasoline engine with an electronic fuel injection. The results showed that the increase of ethanol concentration in the blended fuels brought the reduction of THC and $CO_2$ emissions from the gasoline engine. THC emissions were drastically reduced up to thirty percent. And brake specific fuel consumption was increased. but brake specific energy consumption was similar level. However. unburned ethanol and acetaldehyde emissions increased. The conversion efficiency of Pt/Rh based three-way catalysts and the effect of ethanol on CO and NOx emissions were investigated by the change of engine speed. load and air/fuel ratio. Furthermore, the ethanol blended fuel results in the reduction effect of THC. CO and NOx emissions at idle speed.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.184-193
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• 1978

Styrene-divinylbenzene 공중합체를 이황화탄소 용매 속에서 무수염화알루미늄과 반응시켜 염화알루미늄${\cdot}$고분자촉매를 합성하여 이들의 형태를 광학현미경, 주사전자현미경으로 조사하고 원자흡광 및 electron microprobe X-선으로 분석하였다. 각종 유기산과 지방족 및 방향족 알코올과의 에스테르화반응에서 염화알루미늄${\cdot}$고분자촉매의 효과에 관하여 연구하였다.

• 분석과학
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.617-622
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• 1995

Electrocatalytic reduction of dioxygen has been investigated by cyclic voltammetry at glassy carbon electrode modified with new Co(II)-Schiff base complexes in aqueous solutions of various pH. The reduction potentials of dioxygen at chemically adsorbed electrodes show the dependence of pH between pH 4 and 14. The catalytic effect is large and the reaction occurs via two or four electron transfer in various pH solution.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• 제9권5호
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• pp.193-200
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• 2004

A study of the treatment of piggery wastes using a multilayered metal-activated carbon system followed by carbon bed filtration was carried out at bench scale. From the physicochemical properties obtained from samples treated with aqueous solutions containing metallic ions such as Ag$^+$, Cu$^{2+}$, Na$^{-}$, K$^+$ and Mn$^{2+}$, main inspections are subjected to isothem shape, pore distribution with micropore, SEM and EDX. Multilayered metal-activated carbons were contacted to waste water to inwestigate the simultaneous catalytic effect for the COD, BOD, T-N and T-P removal. From these removal performance was achieved. The high efficiency of the multilayered metal-activated carbon bed, satisfactory removal performance was achieved. The high efficiency of the multilayered metal-activated carbon bed was derermined by the properties of this material for trapping, catalytic effect and adsorption of organic solid particles.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제15권8호
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• pp.654-658
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• 1994

Rate constants have been measured spectrophotometrically for the nucleophilic substitution reactions of p-and m-nitrophenyl 2-furoates (4 and 5, respectively) with alkali metal ethoxides ($EtO^-M^+$) in absolute ethanol at 25$^{\circ}$C. The reactivity of $EtO^-M^+$ toward 4 is in the order $EtO^-K^+$ > $EtO^-Na^+$> $EtO^-Li^+$ > $EtO^-K^+$+ 18-crown-6 ether. This is further confirmed by an ion pairing treatment method. The present result indicates that (1) ion paired $EtO^-M^+$ is more reactive than dissociated $EtO^-$ ; (2) the alkali metal ions ($K^+,\;Na^+,\;Li^+$) behave as a catalyst; (3) the catalytic effect increases with increasing the size of the metal ion. A similar result has been obtained for the reaction of 5, however, the catalytic effects shown by the metal ions are more significant in the reaction of 5 than in that of 4.

• 공업화학
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.407-414
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• 2016

고정층 반응기를 이용하여 제올라이트(HZSM-5, HBeta, HY) 상에서 국내 수종 굴참나무의 간접 촉매 열분해를 수행하였다. 고품질 바이오오일 생산 최적 조건을 도출하기 위해 시료와 촉매의 비율과 반응 온도의 영향 또한 고찰하였다. 세 종의 촉매 중에서 HZSM-5가 적절한 기공크기와 강한 산도로 인해 가장 높은 방향족 화합물 형성능을 나타내었다. HY와 HBeta 또한 촉매능을 가졌으나, 큰 기공크기로 인해 많은 양의 코크가 형성되었다. HZSM-5 상에서 참나무의 촉매 열분해를 통해 방향족 화합물의 수율을 극대화하기 위해서는 낮은 시료/촉매비와 높은 반응 온도가 요구됨을 확인하였다.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• 제56권3호
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• pp.404-409
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• 2018

나노사이즈의 유기물과 무기물을 조합하여 계층적인 크기의 기공을 가지는 촉매의 개발은 서로 다른 특징을 갖는 물질의 구조제어를 통한 반응물의 이동 통로를 만들어 주어 다양한 촉매에 적용 될 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 계층적 크기의 기공을 가지기 때문에 PET 글리콜리시스에서 우수한 촉매 활성을 보일 수 있는 코발트 옥사이드/그래핀 3D 젤을 수열합성법에 의하여 제조하였다. 코발트 옥사이드와 그래핀 시트의 상호작용에 의하여 3D 젤을 얻었고, 다양한 크기의 기공 구조는 넓은 활성 면적을 주어 코발트 옥사이드의 효과적인 촉매반응을 가능하게 하였다. 촉매로 사용하였을 때 코발트와 그래핀의 시너지 효과는 제조한 물질의 구조적 장점을 가지도록 하였고, 제조한 물질을 PET 분해반응의 BHET의 높은 전환률(97.5%), 빠른 PET 분해속도(94.5%, 60 min), 반응 안정성(93.1%, 18회 재사용) 등 우수한 촉매 활성능을 보였다.

• 공업화학
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.339-344
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• 2017

다양한 조촉매가 첨가된 $Pt/TiO_2$ 촉매 및 순수 Pt계 촉매의 RWGS 반응에 대한 특성과 성능에 관한 연구를 수행하였다. 지지체 및 활성금속 종류에 의해 RWGS 반응 성능이 크게 영향 받음을 확인하였고, $Pt/TiO_2$ 촉매가 가장 우수한 성능을 보임을 알 수 있었다. $CO_2$ 주입 농도별 실험 및 열역학적 평형 전환율 평가를 통해 $Pt/TiO_2$ 촉매의 성능을 객관적으로 평가할 수 있었고, 상용촉매 대비 우수한 성능을 보임을 관찰하였다. 조촉매로 첨가한 Ca와 Na는 촉매성능을 증진시킬 수 있었으며, XPS 분석을 통해 표면 활성점의 전자밀도가 성능과 밀접한 관련이 있음을 확인하였다.

• 한국원자력학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국원자력학회 1999년도 춘계학술발표회요약집
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• pp.325-325
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• 1999

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제31권7호
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• pp.1907-1914
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• 2010

A novel catalytic kinetic method is proposed for the determination of Se(IV), Se(VI) and total inorganic selenium in water based on the catalytic effect of Se(IV) on the reduction of bromate by p-nitrophenylhydrazine at pH 3.0. The generated bromine, $Br_2$ or $Cl_2$ plus $Br_2$ in 0.1 M NaCl (or NaBr) environment efficiently decolorized Calmagite and the reaction was monitored spectrophotometrically at 523 nm as a function of time. In this indicator reaction, bromide acted as an activator for the catalysis of selenium (IV) and a reducing agent for selenium (VI) at pH 3.0, which allowed the determination of total selenium. The fixed time method was adopted for the determination and speciation of inorganic selenium. Under the optimum conditions, the calibration graph are linear in the range 1 - 35 ${\mu}gL^{-1}$ of Se(IV) for the fixed time method at $25^{\circ}C$. The detection limit based on statistical $3S_{blank}$/m-criterion was 0.215 ${\mu}gL^{-1}$ for the fixed time method (7 min). All of the variables that affect the sensitivity at 523 nm were investigated, and the optimum conditions were established. The interference effect of various cations and anions on the Se (IV) determination was also studied. The selectivity of the selenium determination was greatly improved with the use of the strongly cation exchange resin such as Amberlite IR120 plus. The proposed kinetic method was validated statistically and through recovery studies in natural water samples. The RSDs for ten replicate measurements of 5, 15 and 25 ${\mu}gL^{-1}$ of Se(IV) and Se(VI) was changed between 2.1 - 4.85%. Analyses of a certified standard reference material (NIST SRM 1643e) for selenium using the fixed-time method showed that the proposed kinetic method has good accuracy. Se(IV), Se(VI) and total inorganic selenium in environmental water samples have been successfully determined by this method after selective reduction of Se(VI) to Se(IV).