• 약학회지
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• 제51권5호
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• pp.296-300
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to investigate the preventive effects of Lycii fructus Extract (LFE) against the acute hepatotoxicity-inducing lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in the liver. LFE of 100 mg/kg concentration was intraperitoneally administered into rats at dose of 1.5 ml/kg for 20 days. On the day 21, 1.5 ml/kg of LPS dissolved in saline was injected 4 hours before anesthetization. We examined the levels of glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT), glutamate pyruvate transaminase (GPT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in serum of rats, superoxide dismutase (SOD) in mitochondrial fraction, and malondialdehyde (MDA), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) in liver homogenate. LPS-treatment markedly increased the levels of GOT, GPT, LDH and MDA, and significantly decreased those of SOD, CAT and GPx. But LFE-pretreatment decreased the levels of GOT, GPT, LDH and MDA, by 17.7%, 27.5%, 40.7% and 56.9%, respectively and increased those of SOD, CAT and GPx, by 90.5%, 78.9% and 83.8%, respectively. These results showed that the LFE had the preventive effects against the acute hepatotoxicity-inducing LPS in the liver.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.347-352
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• 2007

The protective effects of Rubus coreanum Miquel (RCM) extract against LPS-induced hepatotoxicity were studied in rats. Squrague-Dawley rats were intraperitoneally administered the RCM at 100 mg/kg per day for three weeks. Then single dose of LPS (5 mg/kg) was injected into rats. Four hours later, they were anesthesized with ether and dissected. We examined the levels of glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (AST), glutamate pyruvate transaminase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in sera, superoxide dismutase (SOD) in mitochondrial fraction and catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) in liver homogenate. LPS-treatment markedly increased the levels of AST, ALT, ALP, LDH and significantly decreased those of SOD, CAT and GPx. But RCM-pretreatment decreased the levels of AST, ALT, ALP and LDH by 57.9%, 37.4%, 62% and 69% respectively and increased those of SOD, CAT and GPx by 82.9%, 64.2% and 96.7% respectively. Subsequently, the protective effects of RCM was evaluated through histopathological examination of liver tissue. The LPS treatment increased the state of necrosis and cirrhosis surrounding the central veins (CV) and sinusoid, but RCM-treatment decreased the state of necrosis and cirrhosis in the liver tissue. These results demonstrated that protective effects of RCM against LPS-induced hepatotoxicity.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제46권9호
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• pp.1053-1060
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• 2017

본 연구에서는 잣피 열수, 20% 주정, 50% 주정 추출물들이 항염증과 항산화에 미치는 영향을 확인하기 위하여 ABTS 항산화능과 SOD, CAT, GPx 항산화 효소, NO의 분비량, 염증성 cytokine의 분비량을 살펴보고자 하였다. 잣피 열수, 20% 주정, 50% 주정 추출물 중 20% 주정 추출물이 항산화능, 항산화 효소 활성 증가, NO의 분비량 감소, 염증성 cytokine 분비량을 감소시켜 염증반응과 항산화 반응에 도움을 주어 내부에서 생성된 활성산소종과 외부로부터 침입한 미생물, 감염된 세포나 종양세포 등을 효과적으로 제거할 수 있을 것이라 예상할 수 있었다. 이는 염증뿐만 아니라 면역반응에서도 영향을 미칠 것이라 생각되며 염증조절 및 항산화 반응에 긍정적인 변화를 보였으므로 추후 염증 조절제로서 기능성 식품의 상업화에 기초 자료가 되어 국내 기능성 소재로서의 개발 가능성을 기대할 수 있다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.588-597
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• 2010

We investigated the effect of quercetin on growth and plasma cholesterol level and the effects of quercetin pretreatment (Diet 1, 0%; Diet 2, 0.25%; and Diet 3, 0.5% quercetin) for 30 and 60 days on oxidative stress induced by hypo-osmotic conditions (17.5, 8.75, and 4 psu) in olive flounder. The weights of flounder were higher with Diet 3 than with Diet 1 and 2, which indicated that a high concentration (Diet 3) of quercetin was very effective in growth. Total cholesterol levels were lower with Diets 2 and 3 than with Diet 1, leading us to hypothesize that quercetin removed low-density lipoproteins from circulation and thereby reduced total cholesterol. To understand the antioxidant role of quercetin, we measured the mRNA expression and activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) and the $H_2O_2$ concentration in quercetin-treated flounder exposed to osmotic stress. The $H_2O_2$ concentration and the SOD and CAT expression and activity levels were lower in flounder fed with Diets 2 and 3 than with Diet 1, suggesting that quercetin directly scavenges reactive oxygen species to reduce oxidative stress. Furthermore, the plasma lysozyme activity and osmolality were higher with Diets 2 and 3 than with Diet 1, indicating that quercetin increases immune function and helps to maintain physiological homeostasis. Plasma cortisol was lower with Diets 2 and 3 than with Diet 1, suggesting the quercetin protects against stress. These results indicate that quercetin has hypocholesterolemic and antioxidant effects, increases immune function, and acts to maintain physiological homeostasis.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제52권3호
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• pp.264-273
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• 2007

In order to examine the cross-tolerance of two chilling-tolerant cultivars (Donganbyeo and Heukhyangbyeo) and two chilling-susceptible cultivars (Hyangmibyeo and Taekbaekbyeo) to salt, paraquat, and drought, changes of physiological response and antioxidant enzymes were investigated. The seedlings were grown in a growth chamber until the 4-leaf stage. The seedlings were exposed to chilling at $5^{\circ}C$ for 3 days. For drought treatment, the seedlings were subjected to drought by withholding water from plants for 5 days. For paraquat study, plants were sprayed with $300{\mu}M$ paraquat. For the salt stress, the seedlings were transferred to the Hoagland's nutrient solution containing 0.6% (w/v) NaCl for 4 days. Chilling-tolerant cultivars showed cross-tolerant to other stresses, salt, paraquat, and drought in physiological parameters, such as leaf injury, chlorophyll a fluorescence, and lipid peroxidation. The baseline levels of antioxidative enzyme activities, catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POX) activities in chilling-tolerant cultivars were higher than in the chilling-susceptible cultivars. However, there were no differences in ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and glutathione reductase (GR) activities between chilling-tolerant and -susceptible cultivars in untreated control. CAT activity in chilling-tolerant cultivars was higher than that in chilling-susceptible cultivars during chilling, salt, and drought treatments, but not during paraquat treatment. However, other antioxidative enzymes, APX, POX, and GR activities showed no significant differences between chilling-tolerant and -susceptible cultivars during chilling, salt, paraquat, and drought treatments. Thus, it was assumed that CAT contribute to cross-tolerance mechanism of chilling, salt, and drought in rice plants.

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.22-28
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of soybean peptide on antioxidant enzymes, cortisol hormone and inflammatory cytokine levels. 19 high school male judo athletes participated in the experiments. They were randomly divided into two groups, one group took soybean peptide (S-peptide, n=10) 4 g a day for 4 weeks and the other group placebo (placebo group, n=9) for the same time. Blood samples were collected before intake, after 2 weeks intake and 4 weeks intake and these were analyzed for total antioxidant status (TAS), catalase (CAT), levels of cortisol hormone, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-${\alpha}$) and interleukin-6 (IL-6). As a result, the S-peptide group was significantly increased in TAS and CAT (P<0.05). The malondialdehyde (MDA) levels showed decrease after soybean peptide intake but there was no significant difference. In the levels of plasma cortisol which reflect stress status, there was significantly decreased in the S-peptide and placebo group after 4 weeks (P<0.05). There were significant decreases of TNF-${\alpha}$ and IL-6 after 4 weeks in S-peptide group (P<0.05). These results suggest that the intake of soybean peptide can activate antioxidant defenses and decrease exercise-induced oxidative stress.

• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.349-356
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• 2012

The antioxidant potential and enzyme activities in Salicornia herbacea, Corylopsis coreana, Erythronium japonicum, Phragmites communis, Momordica Charantia, Nelumbo nucifera, Salvia plebeia, Portulaca oleracea, Ficus carica, Citrus junos and Cornus officinalis were determined. Their antioxidant activities were measured using DPPH radical scavenging and nitrite scavenging activity. Enzyme activities in investigated plants were evaluated as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX). The DPPH scavenging rate from 100 to 2500 $mgL^{-1}$ was the highest in the flower of Corylopsis coreana. However, it was not detected in most of the samples at concentration below 100 $mgL^{-1}$. The nitrite scavenging activity according to each kind of resource plants was significantly higher in the stem of Corylopsis coreana and leaf of Nelumbo nucifera. The root extract of Erythronium japonicum had the highest SOD enzyme activity of 94.0% while leaf of Salvia plebeia showed the lowest SOD enzyme activity of 30.4%. The activity of CAT and APX showed higher values in the stem of Corylopsis coreana, root of Erythronium japonicum and root of Phragmites communis in comparison with other plants. The activity of POD showed significantly high values in stem of Corylopsis coreana, Momordica Charantia and pericarp of Citrus junos extracts. The antioxidant enzyme activities differ significantly in different plants. In conclusion, we showed that Corylopsis coreana, Erythronium japonicum Cornus officinalis, and Momordica Charantia had the potent biological activities. Therefore, these plant resources showing antioxidant activity could be good materials for development of source of functional healthy food.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• 제43권3호
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• pp.141-148
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• 2021

Microplastic contamination in waterbodies is a growing source of concern for researchers and other stakeholders. We investigated oxidative stress and toxicity in goldfish (Carassius auratus) in response to exposure to 1-㎛ diameter micro-polystyrene (MP) at concentrations of 0, 10, 100, and 1000 beads/mL (MP 0, MP 10, MP 100, and MP 1000 groups) for 7 d (at day 0, 1, 3, 5, and 7). We analyzed the survival rates; superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) mRNA expression levels in the liver; SOD and CAT activity in the plasma; caspase-3 mRNA expression in the liver; and the levels of hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) in plasma. Terminal transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assays were also conducted to determine apoptosis levels in the liver. All fish in the MP 1000 group died by day 7 and the MP 100 group had a lower survival rate than the MP 10 and MP 0 groups. The mRNA expression as well as SOD, CAT, and caspase-3 activity levels were increased significantly with increases in MP concentration and exposure time. Finally, according to the TUNEL assay, more apoptosis was observed in the MP 1000 group at day 5 than in other groups. In summary, MP concentrations above 100 beads/mL caused death and oxidative stress to goldfish. We conclude that MP can cause oxidative stress and apoptosis in goldfish, which leads to death.

• Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
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• 제16권
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• pp.24-30
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• 1998

수분(水分) 스트레스에 의한 식물체(植物體)의 방어기구(防禦機構)와 관련(關聯)된 superoxide dismutase와 catalase의 활성도(活性度) 변화(變化)를 조사(調査)한 결과(結果)는 다음과 같다. 수분(水分) 스트레스(drought, flooding) 처리시(處理時) 큰올콩과 은하콩 모두 수분(水分) 함량(含量)과 가용성(可溶性) 단백질(蛋白質) 함량(含量)이 감소(減少)하여 말성숙(末成熟) 노화(老化)를 나타내었다. 가시적(可視的)인 피해(被害)는 drought 처리시(處理時)가 flooding 처리(處理)에 비(比)해 크게 나타났고 큰올콩이 은하콩에 비(比)해 크게 나타났다. superoxide dismutase의 활성(活性)은 drought처리시(處理時) 2일(日)째에 급격(急激)한 감소(減少)를 보이다가 회복(回復)되고 다시 감소(減少)하는 경향(傾向)을 보였으며 flooding처리시(處理時)는 처리기간(處理期間)에 따라 점차(漸次) 감소(減少)하였고 큰올콩의 감소정도(減少程度)가 더 크게 나타났다. catalase의 활성(活性)은 drought처리시(處理時)는 감소(減少)하는 경향(傾向)이었으나 flooding처리시(處理時) 2일(日)째에 급격(急激)한 감소(減少)를 나타낸 후 일정(一定)하게 유지(維持)되는 경향(傾向)을 보였다. 수분(水分)스트레스 처리후(處理後) 3일간(日間)의 회복기(回復期)를 주었을 때 두 효소(酵素)의 활성(活性)은 점차(漸次) 회복(回復)되었다.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.228-233
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• 2009

본 연구에서는 호랑나비의 용기 동안 혈림프, 지방체, 표피, 큐티클 및 중장에서 항산화효소의 활성을 조사하였다. 혈림프와 지방체에서 항산화효소 활성의 변화가 두드러지게 나타났다. SOD, CAT 및 GST의 활성은 높은 활성을 보인 반면, GPX와 GR은 상대적으로 활성이 매우 낮으므로 곤충의 변태기 동안 항산화과정에서 이들 효소의 역할은 매우 미미할 것으로 생각된다. 더불어 CAT의 활성은 대부분의 조직에서 용화 직후에 높은 활성을 보이며 상대적인 활성도 매우 높게 나타나고 있어 과산화수소의 분해에는 GPX보다는 CAT가 주로 관여할 것으로 생각된다. 또한 GPX와 GR의 활성보다는 GST의 활성이 전 조직에서 비교적 높게 나타나는 것으로 보아 lipid peroxidation을 통한 항산화 과정에도 GPX보다는 주로 GST가 관여할 것으로 생각된다.