• IE interfaces
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.255-262
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• 2001

Containerization of cargo transportation has been norm in the word wide maritime services, but containerized trades are typically unbalanced in terms of the number of inbound and outbound containers. Therefore it is critical for shipping companies to find operating policy such as the repositioning of empty containers or replenishing of short-term leasing containers from leasing companies to satisfy the freighter's demands of containers. This paper develops a simulation model using ARENA to establish shipping company's operational policy to relocate and replenish empty containers. Furthermore, this study proposes simple and heuristic empty container repositioning rules to minimize the relevant cost in terms of leasing, repositioning, and inventory holding costs.

• Proceedings of the CALSEC Conference
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• 1999.11a
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• pp.408-416
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• 1999

우리 나라의 수출입은 대부분 항만을 통해서 이루어지고 있으나 수출입 전체적인 흐름에서의 정보교환이 원활히 이루어지고 있지 않아 육상물류와 해상물류와의 정보흐름이 단절되어 육상물류부문에서 생겨나는 원천정보를 활용할 수 없다. 또한 각 선사를 비롯한 해운대리점과 관련업계, 그리고 정부기관들이 독자적인 데이터베이스를 보유하고 있어 정보의 중복성, 불일치성 등이 문제점으로 지적되고 있다. 그리고 물류망의 경우 망업자라는 한계와 독자적인 데이터베이스를 보유하지 못함으로써 항만관련업자나 기관들에 보다 유익한 정보를 제공 하지 못하고 있다. 이에 본 논문에서는 우리 나라의 수출입 물동량 중 가장 비중이 높은 컨테이너 화물을 대상으로 수출입 컨테이너화물의 모든 정보를 원천지에서부터 입수하여 이를 통합 관리하여 저장함으로써 육상과 해상의 정보흐름을 유연하게 연계시킴은 물론 데이터의 불일치, 중복성 등과 같은 문제를 해결하고자 하였다. 본 연구에서 구축 된 통합데이터베이스 시스템은 컨테이너화물의 수출입과정에서 발생하는 모든 정보를 활용할 수 있도록 이들을 거시적인 관점에서 구조화하였으며, 또한 수출입상의 EDI 업무를 지원하기 위해 통합데이터베이스의 데이터와 코드를 설계하였다. 마지막으로 이러한 정보를 실시간으로 제공하고 사용자의 접근성을 높임과 동시에 사용자에게 비용의 부담을 줄일 수 있도록 웹을 기반으로 하여 모든 정보의 입력과 조회 및 정보의 교환이 가능하도록 하였다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 1997.10a
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• pp.43-50
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• 1997

The Singapore Strait is one of the world's busiest waterways used by international shipping Coupled with this, the Port of Singapore is the world's busiest port in terms of shipping and cargo tonnage and the second busiest container port. Navigational safety is Singapore's concern and we are convinced that the ECDIS is the key to further enhancing navigational safety in the Singapore Strait and the port waters of Singapore. We have initiated the production of Electronic Navigational Chart data and invested in infrastructural supporting facilities such as DGPS brodcast service for use with ECDIS as well as other maritime systems.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 1999.10a
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• pp.207-215
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• 1999

우리 나라의 수출입은 대부분 항만을 통해서 이루어지고 있으나 수출입 전체적인 흐름에서의 정보교환이 원활이 이루어지고 있지 않아 육상물류와 해상물류와의 정보흐름이 단절되어 육상물류에서 생겨나는 원천정보를 활용할 수 없다. 또한 각 선사를 비롯한 해운대리점과 관련업계, 그리고 정부기관들이 독자적인 데이터베이스를 보유하고 있어 정보의 중복성, 불일치성 등이 문제점으로 지적되고 있다. 그리고 물류망의 경우 망업자라는 한계와 독자적인 데이터베이스를 보유하지 못함으로써 항만관련업자나 기관들에 보다 유익한 정보를 제공하지 못하고 있다. 이에 본 논문에서는 우리 나라의 수출입 물동량 중 가장 비중이 높은 컨테이너 화물을 대상으로 수출입 컨테이너화물의 모든 정보를 원천지에서부터 입수하여 이를 통합 관리하여 저장함으로써 육상과 해상의 정보흐름을 유연하게 연계시킴은 물론 데이터의 불일치. 중복성 등과 같은 문제를 해결하고자 하였다. 본 연구에서 구축된 통합데이터베이스 시스템은 컨테이너화물의 수출입과정에서 발생하는 모든 정보를 활용할 수 있도록 이들을 거시적인 관점에서 구조화하였으며, 또한 수출입상의 EDI 업무를 지원하기 D NL해 통합 데이터베이스의 데이터와 코드를 설계하였다. 마지막으로 이러한 정보를 실시간제공하고 사용자의 접근성을 높임과 동시에 사용자에게 비용의 부담을 줄일 수 있돌고 웹을 기반으로 하여 모든 정보의 입력과 조회 및 정보의 교환이 가능하도록 하였다.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.62-67
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• 2002

Construction of automated terminal is urgently demanded to gain the foundation of hub-port in north east Asia. Therefore I suggest an adequate operating system model of automated terminal in Korea. In this paper the aim of automated terminal operating system is satisfied, four basic models are divided according to moving course of export and import cargo of each automated equipments, several input data are changed and analyzed dynamically by Trial and Error method, and then an optimized operating system model is designed. It is a Premise that all the yard equipments described in this paper must be automatic except quay crane.

• Journal of Korean Port Research
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.43-58
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• 1993

There has been fast progress in economy in Korea derived by a consecutive five-year plan program for economic development started in the early 1960's. In the field of transportation, rapid changes in the technological environment of transportation and communication have brought a revolution of the transport system, of which inter-modal transportation through containerisation is typical. Because of the rapidly growing traffic volumes of cargo, especially container traffic, and lack of investment into transport infrastructure in the past, both road and railway are beyond their capacity. As a result, the public-road network has suffered a serious congestion problem. For instance, in relation to the corridor between Seoul and Pusan, today, it takes about 14 hours for the journey of container trailer through Kyongbu Expressway, for which it used to take only 7 hours in 1986. For the railway, though the congestion problem is not very serious compared with the road sector, a shortage of capacity on certain main lines has emerged as a problem as railway traffic has increased. Furthermore, the further expansion of the system in near future is difficult due to burden of higher construction the cost. Unlike these two modes, coastal shipping, which has been paid relatively less attention for commodity transport in Korea, shows no constraint in this respect. In addition, it is the most cost efficient mode of transport. This work therefore aims to make a proposal for the alternative inland transportation mode, which is to promote the coastal transport of container. Three obstructing factors for the promotion of the coastal transport are investigated and some solutions for those are suggested as follows : First, it appears to be essential to provide exclusive ports for the coastal shipping, that comply with simplification, specialization and rationalization. The optimum size of berths on the exclusive ports in Pusan port is estimated as 16-20. We found that it needs periodical study and publicity on the advantages from the adoption of the coastal mode. Inducing competition in the coastal shipping market is also necessary. For the supply of the fleet in the coastal shipping, chartering of the surplus ships in the oversea shipping is found to be more desirable than new shipbuilding. Second, to solve the fragmentation of the companies which wish to participate in the coastal transport, government has to implement the subsidy policy. The encouragement of participation of the shipping lines engaging in Korea-Japan run and Korea-East South Asia run, into coastal shipping also needs to be considered cautiously. Third, simplification of the document for entry in ports is needed for rational coastal shipping management. We can use B/L (Bill of Lading) for coastal shipping as a prerequisite to get the indemnity by P & I Club. The reduction of the government controls on entering and leaving the ports also needs.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.20 no.7
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• pp.43-50
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• 2002

Competition to attract the increasing container cargoes of North China and the West Japan in North-East Asia region is fairly intensed in recent days between the main ports of Korea, China, and Japan. Inducing a new container cargo make those countries possible to invest enormous fund to mordernize its port facilities, as well as to improve efficiency in Port operation and management. In this situation, Strategy to attract transshipment cargoes is of the immediate necessity, This study, therefore, aims to establish the feasible strategies to attract transshipment container cargoes in the North-East Asian region by empirical analysis, he major output of the research is as follows : First, Busan Port to attract transshipment cargoes is required to adjust port tariff and free storage period with flexibility for liner shipping companies and freight forwarder. Second, Price-Demand function of Busan port between main competitive ports in North-East Asian region that is derived from strategies to attract transshipment cargoes, helps marketing manager to fix scientifically port price as understanding the change of demand quantity.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.143-164
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• 2010

Japanese government has instituted and carried out Super-core Ports Policy to improve their operating efficiencies of international container ports from 2004. Despite of diverse institutional and administrative supports within this policy, this paper has assessed that they couldn't accomplished goals at the end of 2009 when the policy ended. In short, Japanese Super-core ports have explicitly lost the competitiveness for functioning as a hub-port in the East Asia region. We could find some defaults in the policy i.e. some limits of the private terminal operating units, inefficiencies in teaming between ports within Super-core port, lacking with system for collecting cargoes. In 2010, Japan is going to reinforce International Strategic Container Port Policy following Super-core Ports Policy. With this policy, they ought to prepare for the last leap on the basis of selection and concentration rules in international port. This new policy is particularly focused on recapturing their T/S cargo via Busan port. Regarding these changes, Busan port needs to prepare counter measurements for preserving Japanese T/S cargo firmly.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.51-71
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• 2011

The purpose of this study is to use DEA modeling to make an analysis on 12 ODCYs in the hinterland of Busan North Port, so that it may propose possible ways to efficiently operate them. For analysis, this study adopted 3 input factors such as CY area, number of employees and number of cargo work equipments and also adopted 1 output factor, i.e. container throughput. According to the analysis DEA-CCR model, it was found that Chunil(YongDang CY) was the most efficient one among companies engaged in the operation of ODCY. And it was found that KCTC(YongDang CY), Kukbo(U-Am CY), KORAIL(BusanJin CY) and Hanjin (JaeSong CY) would need to boost the container throughput 5 or more times higher than current throughput with a view to improving cargo handling efficiency, while Sebang(U-Am CY), KCTC(U-Am CY), KCTC(YongDang CY), Hyopsung(YongDang CY) and Kukbo(U-Am CY) need to work on personnel restructuring targeted to current employees. Based on the analysis DEA-BCC model, it was found that Chunil(YongDang CY), Dongbu(ShinYoung GamMan CY), Intergis(GamMan CY) and Sebang(U-Am CY) were efficient companies, but KCTC(YongDang CY), Kukbo(U-Am CY), KORAIL(BusanJin CY) and Hanjin(JaeSong CY) were inefficient companies. Particularly, it was found that both KCTC(U-Am CY) and Kukbo(U-Am CY) would need to try harder to carry out personnel reshuffle than other comparable companies.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2023.11a
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• pp.116-118
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• 2023

In recent years, the need for economical and sustainable ship routing has emerged due to the enforced regulations on environmental issues. Despite the development of weather forecasting technology, maritime accidents by rough waves have continued to occur due to incorrect weather forecasts. In this study, onboard measurements are conducted to observe the acutal situation on merchant ships in operation encountering rough waves. The types of measured data include information related to navigation (Ship's position, speed, bearing, rudder angle) and engine (engine revolutions, power, shaft thrust, fuel consumption), weather conditions (wind, waves), and ship motions (roll, pitch, and yaw). These ship experiments was conducted to 28,000 DWT bulk carrier, 63,000 DWT bulk carrier, 20,000 TEU container ship, and 12,000 TEU container ship. The actual ship experiment of each ship is intended to acquire various types of data and utilize them for multi-objective studies related to ship operation. Additionally, in order to confirm the sea conditions, the directional wave spectrum was reproduced using a wave simulation model. Through data collection from ship experiments and wave simulations, various studies could be proceeding such as the measurement for accurate wave information by marine radar and analysis for cargo collapse accidents. In addition, it is expected to be utilized in various themes from the perspective of safety and efficiency in ship operation.