• Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology
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• v.20 no.5 s.72
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• pp.57-62
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• 2006

The most important thing in acontainer terminal is to handle the cargo effectively in the limited time available. To achieve this objective, many strategies have been introduced and applied. To create an automated container terminal, it is necessary for the cargo handling equipment to be equipped with more intelligent control systems. From the middle of the 1990's, automated rail-mounted gantry cranes (RMGC) and rubber-tired gantry cranes (RTG) have been widely used to handle containers in yards. Recently, many pieces of equipment, like CCD cameras and sensors, have beenmounted in these cranes to cope with the automated terminal environment. In this paper, we try to support the development of more intelligent automated cranes, which allow for more effective cargo handling in yards. For this purpose, the modeling, tracking control, anti-sway system design, skew motion suppressing, and complicated motion control and suppressing problems must be considered. Especially, in this paper, the system modeling and a new tracking control approach are discussed, and an experimental study is performed based on a two-degree-of-freedom (2DOF) servosystem design.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.10 no.11
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• pp.3163-3169
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• 2009

To secure superiority in keen competition among ports and to satisfy demands of shippers and shipping companies who are a main customer of ports, logistics service should be improved. However, most of dissatisfaction for logistics service arises from frequent transportation changes of shippers and inaccuracy of cargo-working information offered from shipping companies and inaccuracy of cargo information carried in from carriers. Therefore, the study embodied BPR and yard management prototype system on the basis of the process of business flow in yard to settle the above problems. The study also checked that information of booking list in a yard-allocated plan could be applied to forming efficient collaborative supply networking in yard management by supplementing insufficient cargo.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.28 no.9
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• pp.783-790
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• 2004

For a nearly decade Busan has been the pre-dominant force in Northeast Asian port community, but during the last couple of years, several competitors have looked to directly challenge Busan's regional dominance, most notably, northern Chinese ports. Faced with this challenging and formidable trend, Busan has had to respond appropriately to ensure that Busan remains a regional hub well into the 21st century. The aim of this paper is to make some considerations for a regional hub container port in Northeast Asia in response to changes in the shipping industry with particular reference to Korea.

• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.143-157
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• 2006

The purpose of this thesis is to develop a heuristic algorithm evaluating the layout to maximize number of boxes when a single-box-type is packed into a container. Actually because three-dimensional problems are involved in NP-complete, much study has been focused on heuristic algorithms. The basic concept of this study is as follows. The problem is solved as palletizing problems with each side of the container respectively. By using the height of boxes, the problem is extended to a three-dimensional problem. Consequently, through this thesis, we can get good solution and the result is displayed by three-dimensional computer graphic.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.19-33
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• 2006

The efficiency and effectiveness of freight transportation within and across Northeast Asia playa key role to achieve competitive advantages against other competing hubs in this area. However, the majority of local freight has been carried by ground transportation and the share of costal shipping has been decreasing for its transportational complexity and poor cargo works. In this paper, we discuss the prerequisites of efficient cargo linkage system from the perspectives of road, rail, ocean, and the service providers. Specifically, we identify that the balanced capacity of road/rail transportation system with costal freight system is a crucial component for facilitating coastal shipping. Other requirements such as the efficient on-dock container yard (ODCY), dedicated ports and ships, and the service provider of door-to-door transportation for short sea shipping are highlighted in order to secure the serviceability and availability of streamlined costal shipping. Further, we elaborate these requirements to facilitate costal cargo shipping in Korea.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.61-81
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• 2005

China has increased 10 percent every year since 1978. In particular, development and growth of Chinese ports make a remarkable in that the marine and coastal transportation handles the 90 percent of export-import cargo. This growth is beginning to threaten Korea's ports which are striving to become the hub of Northeast Asia logistics. Furthermore, the hub strategy of Northeast Asia is closely related to transshipment cargo invitation. The results of documents research indicate Busan and Gwangyang ports play an important role as an intermediate stopover between China and America. The ways to achieve transshipment cargo invitation are the construction of transshipment system based on the supply chain between korea and china, the maximization of trading volumes creation, equipment of ports infrastructure, and the constructions of the rail, road, coastal transportation infrastructures.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.35-59
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• 2005

The Purpose of this study is to exmaine fundamental problems of Gwangyang Port and draw up plans of its Hub Port. Gwangyang Port has been gradually reduced container cargo increase rate. on account of large development of Chinese Port, undevelopment of Hinterland, Port facilities of Gwangyang Port. We should develop hinterland to be closely connected with Port Cluster, Business City, Free Economic Zone to increase cargo volume. and in order to increase transshipment cargo volume, We should prepare diverse plans that can induce Chinese and Japanese transshipment cargo. Gwangyang Port and Busan Port should be managed united one port system by a Port Authority to strengthen international competitiveness. Activation of new ports for the most part call for full support by Government at the beginning. Gwangyang Port's future it can be if Government has strong will.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.101-115
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to examine the growth status and future prospects of the shipping industry over the past decade through a review of the statistical database and related literature. We classify the shipping industry and survey a number of companies, number of employees, sales trends and shipping logistics market outlook, port cargo volume, and container throughput trends with regard to the sea cargo shipping business, freezing cold warehousing business, harbor cargo unloading business, and international freight forwarding business. We will also look at the overall trends, scale, cargo volume, and harbor automation status of the global shipping market.

• Journal of Arbitration Studies
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.189-211
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• 2011

This article aims at analysing the practical problems of FOB and CIF terms relating to Incoterms$^{(R)}$2010 in case of L/C transactions and presenting the defending measures against them. According to Incoterms$^{(R)}$2010, FOB and CIF terms are to be used only for sea or inland waterway transport and require the seller deliver the goods on board the vessel nominated by the buyer at named port of shipment. So if FOB and CIF terms will be used in sea transport under L/C transaction, the seller should ship the goods on the nominated vessel and present the shipping document indicating "on board vessel" to the issuing bank but the parties agree to present the received bill of lading according to special condition on L/C which is" received bill of lading are acceptable". In practical transaction, FOB and CIF terms are usually used in aircraft cargo, container cargo or multimodal transport. these facts are a violation of Incoterms. Incoterms$^{(R)}$2010 which regulated that FOB and CIF terms may not be appropriate where goods are handed over the carrier before they are on board the vessel for example goods in container. These transactions are a temporary expedient and breach of Incoterms in the international trade which must be corrected as soon as possible.

• Journal of Institute of Control, Robotics and Systems
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• v.16 no.12
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• pp.1212-1219
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• 2010

The most important thing in the container terminal is to handle the cargo effectively in the limited time. To achieve this object, many strategies have been introduced and applied to. If we consider the technical trends and environment of the automated container terminal, it is necessary that the systems for cargo handling are equipped with more intelligent control technologies. To cope with this tendency, from the middle of the 1990's, the automated RMGC (Rail-Mounted Gantry Crane) and RTGC (Rubber-Tired Gantry Crane) have been developed and widely used to handle containers in the yards. Recently, in these cranes, the many equipments like CCD cameras and sensors are mounted to cope with the automated terminal environment. If we want to obtain more efficient handling performance, the modelling, tracking control, anti-sway system design, skew motion suppressing and complicated motion control problems must be considered in the control system design and application process. Considering these problems, in this paper, the system modelling with the tire slip and a tracking control approach are proposed. Especially, we design the tracking control system based on the 2DOF servosystem design approach to cope with undesirable disturbance input. The experiment results show the desirable performance and usefulness of the designed control system.