• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.372-386
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• 1996

Recently, the ratio of elderly in the population are fast growing due to socio-economical development and the better medical service. Proportionally, the health problems in elderly are increasing, too. Medical professionals must try so that the elderly have the better life through health promotion and disease prevention as well as disease treatment. This study evaluated the effect of walking exercise program on the cardiorespiratory function and the flexibility in the elderly women. The design of research was one group pretest-posttest design. The subjects were eleven elderly women over sixty years old to live in K-city, Kyonggi-do. The type of exercise was walking, which was the most popular exercise in questionnaire. The exercise intensity was 40％∼60％ of the target heart-rate by Karvonen's method and maintained by the heart-rate monitor. The exercise period was five weeks and the exercise frequency was three times per week. The exercise duration was forty minutes at first and gradually increased up to an hour. In order to evaluate the effect of walking exercise, we measured VO/sub₂ max, resting heart -rate, systolic/diastolic blood pressure, FVC, FEV/sub₁, the flexibility before and after the five week's exercise program. The data are analyzed by the paired t-test and Wilcoxon signed rank test using SAS package. The results are as follows : 1) The hypothesis that cardiorespiratory function will be improved was partly supported. In VO/sub₂ max（p＝0.0001）, resting heart-rate（p＝0.0030）, systolic/diastolic blood-pressure（p＝0.0387／ p＝0.0024）, there was significant difference. FVC and FEV/sub₁ were increased after the exercise, but there were no significant difference. 2) The hypothesis that the flexibility will be improved was supported. There was significant difference in the flexibility（p＝0.0140）. As the further study, it is necessary to reevaluate the effect with more refined design. We also need to try meta-analysis about the results of previous studies obtained in the experimental setting and compare our result obtained in the field setting with them.

• Journal of Veterinary Science
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.53.1-53.9
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• 2022

Background: Problems associated with using inhalational anaesthesia are numerous in veterinary anaesthesia practice. Decreasing the amount of used inhalational anaesthetic agents and minimising of cardiorespiratory disorders are the standard goals of anaesthetists. Objective: This experimental study was carried out to investigate the sparing effect of intravenous tramadol, lidocaine, dexmedetomidine and their combinations on the minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) of sevoflurane in healthy Beagle dogs. Methods: This study was conducted on six beagle dogs. Sevoflurane MAC was determined by the tail clamp method on five separate occasions. The dogs received no treatment (control; CONT), tramadol (TRM: 1.5 mg kg^-1 intravenously followed by 1.3 mg kg^-1 h^-1), lidocaine (LID: 2 mg kg^-1 intravenously followed by 3 mg kg^-1 h^-1), dexmedetomidine (DEX: 2 ㎍ kg^-1 intravenously followed by 2 ㎍ kg^-1 h^-1), and their combination (COMB), respectively. Cardiorespiratory variables were recorded every five minutes and immediately before the application of a noxious stimulus. Results: The COMB treatment had the greatest sevoflurane MAC-sparing effect (67.4 ± 13.9%) compared with the other treatments (5.1 ± 25.3, 12.7 ± 14.3, and 40.3 ± 15.1% for TRM, LID, and DEX treatment, respectively). The cardiopulmonary variables remained within the clinically acceptable range following COMB treatment, although the mean arterial pressure was higher and accompanied by bradycardia. Conclusions: Tramadol-lidocaine-dexmedetomidine co-infusion produced a remarkable sevoflurane MAC-sparing effect in clinically healthy beagle dogs and could result in the alleviation of cardiorespiratory depression caused by sevoflurane. Cardiorespiratory variables should be monitored carefully to avoid undesirable side effects induced by dexmedetomidine.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Life Science Conference
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• 2008.10a
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• pp.94.1-94.1
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• 2008

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.19 no.9
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• pp.1277-1283
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of 12 weeks of combined training (aerobic/anaerobic training and space perception training) on changes in body composition (weight, % body fat, % muscle mass, BMI, WHR) and cardiorespiratory fitness according to the ACE gene polymorphism (II: 7 men, ID: 8 men, DD: 6 men) in 21 senior Korea Air Force Academy cadets. The results of this study were as follows: body composition factors among ACE gene polymorphism groups and between pre-/post-training in all groups were not statistically significant. Cardiorespiratory fitness of the II and ID groups was significantly lower after training (p<0.05). However, there was no statistically significant difference between pre-/post-training in the DD. In conclusion, this study suggests that cardiorespiratory fitness response to compound training may be affected by ACE genotypes.

• Journal of Industrial Convergence
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.30-35
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• 2020

The purpose of this study is to find out the effect of aerobic exercise through convergence on exhaled carbon monoxide and cardiorespiratory function of female college students who participated in nonsmoking. The subjects were female college students from University D in Metropolitan City D, and those who started smoking 2 years ago and who do not engage in regular physical activities were first selected, and a total of 18 people who indicated their intention to participate in the experiment were selected to receive a pledge of nonsmoking and consent to the experiment. The selected subjects were classified into 9 people in the exercise group and 9 in the control group by wireless assignment, and individual exercise intensity was set through the maximum exercise load test to establish an accurate exercise program. Individual exercise intensity is set to 50%HRmax for 1-3 weeks, 60%HRmax for 4-6 weeks, 70%HRmax for 7-9 weeks. In order to apply the correct exercise intensity during exercise, a Polar heart rate monitor was used for control and the following results were obtained. First, the change in carbon monoxide decreased by three levels from 21.17±3.67ppm (Red 2 16-25ppm, habitual smokers) before participation in the exercise group that participated in aerobic exercise for 9 weeks to 1.36±0.76ppm (Green, 0-6ppm, non-smokers) after participation, and the control group also showed the same effect from 22.35±2.08ppm (Red 2 16-25ppm, habitual smokers) to 2.81±0.51ppm (Green, 0-6ppm, non-smokers). Second, the change in cardiorespiratory function showed a significant increase in all of the maximum oxygen intake, maximum heart rate, and maximum ventilation in the exercise group who participated in aerobic exercise for 9 weeks, but there was no significant change in the control group. Therefore, aerobic exercise showed the effect of improving the cardiorespiratory function by releasing carbon monoxide and supplying sufficient oxygen to various organs.

• Journal of Korea Entertainment Industry Association
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• v.14 no.8
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• pp.197-202
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• 2020

In this study, we investigate the effect of twenties female caffeine addiction on cardiorespiratory capacity. For this study, we divided 35 female students at H university into caffeine addict group(n=17) and none caffeine addict group(n=18). Measure maximal oxygen uptake, maximal energy consumption and METs using Cycle Ergometer to assess cardiac capacity. Measure peak inspiratory pressure, peak inspiratory flow rate, peak inspiratory capacity, average inspiratory pressure, average inspiratory flow rate, average inspiratory capacity using Power Breathe K5 to assess respiratory capacity. As a result, cardiac capacity showed a statistically significant decrease in maximal oxgen uptake and METs compared caffeine addict group to none caffeine addict group(p<.001). respiratory capacity showed a statistically significant decrease in peak inspiratory pressure(p<.05), peak inspiratory flow rate(p<.01), average inspiratory pressure(p<.01), average inspiratory flow rate(p<.01), compared caffeine addict group to none caffeine addict group. Combining the results of the study, we could see that caffeine addiction reduces the cardiorespiratory capacity in twenties female. Therefore, it could be used as a basis date to prevent caffeine addiction for twenties female.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.10 no.11
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• pp.541-550
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of aerobic exercise training and half bath on blood component, cardiorespiratory function, and vascular compliance of middle-aged obese men. The subjects were 3 groups; aerobic exercise(n=10), half bath(n=10), and controlled group(n=10). They were tested on their blood component, cardiorespiratory function, and vascular compliance at the beginning and at the end of the 12-week study(pre-post test). For data analysis, mean and standard deviation scores were calculated, and repeated measure two-way ANOVA and Scheffe were used. The results of this study are as follows. First, aerobic exercise group was significantly improved on all blood component after the 12-weeks, and showed significant difference among groups. Half bath group was better than control groups on Triglyceride, LDL-C, and HDL-C levels. Second, aerobic exercise group was significantly improved on maximum oxygen uptake, maximum heart rate, and maximum ventilation after the 12-weeks. Third, in vascular compliance measured in both hands and both feet, the half bath group and aerobic exercise training group were significantly increases the control group. Therefore, these results imply that aerobic exercise and half bath can be helpful for better blood component, cardiorespiratory function, and vascular compliance in middle-aged obese men.

• 한국노년학
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.135-147
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• 2009

Recently, The number of hypertension is increasing with westernized diet and lack of exercise. Many researchers are trying to treat and prevent hypertension by exercise therapy. However, not only did most of studies analyze the effect and usefulness of exercise related to lowering hypertension, but also there is no analysis of the difference of fitness with regard to hypertension according to ages. It is assumed to be important research work to be continued to identify, from the public health's point of view, the difference of fitness with regard to hypertension according to ages can be a essential data for treating and preventing hypertension. Thus, this study is to identify the difference of fitness according to hypertension of adult female over 20s and emphasize the importance of fitness level to the hypertension. Also, this study is to devise valuable study by examining the difference of cardiovascular function. Subjects were 8889 of adult female over 20s. Subjects visited promotion of health center at Y Gu public health center and took comprehensive medical test including hypertension test in Seoul in Korea. It was divided into normal, prehypertension, stage I hypertension and stage II hypertension group by JNC7. The evaluation of cardiorespiratory function was by resting heart rate and lung capacity, the evaluation of fitness was by cardiorespiratory endurance, muscular endurance, muscular strength, power, agility, balance, and flexibility, and the difference of fitness was analyzed by ANCOVA revising independent variable of BMI, drinking, and smoking which affects hypertension. At result, there was significant difference between normal and hypertension group according to most ages in two variable of all cardiorespiratory function, seven fitness variable. Through this study, it was defined that hypertension group had lower cardiorespiratory function and fitness than normal group.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.337-344
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• 2013

This research has been conducted to determine the effect that the visually handicapped's participation in an aerobic exercise program has on cardiorespiratory function and arterial pulse wave. The subjects of this research were 20 people who have a 1st degree visual impairment. They recognized the purpose of this research and agreed to take part in it. After receiving agreements from their guardians, we divided them into an exercise group of 10 and a comparison group of 10 at random. The exercise group conducted a 50-70%HRmax treadmill exercise for 60 minutes a day, five times a week, for 12 weeks, including warm up and warm down exercises. We then conducted a two-way repeated ANOVA, which regards the period of exercise and the two groups as independent variables. The follow-up verification for exercise periods according to each group was carried out with a paired t-test. The statistical significance level was p<.05. The following are the results of this research. First, the weight and body fat of the experiment group after exercise show a meaningful reduction compared to before the exercise program (p<.05).Second, the VO2max, HRmax, and VEmax of the experiment group after exercise show a meaningful increase compared to before the exercise program (p<.05). Third, the arterial pulse wave of the experiment group after exercise display a meaningful increase compared to before the exercise program (p<.05). Fourth, the systolic blood pressure of the experiment group after exercise does not show a meaningful reduction compared to before the exercise program (p>.05). These results prove that the visually handicapped's participation in an aerobic exercise program is effective in the improvement of their cardiorespiratory function, bloodstream circulation function and blood vessel function.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.1091-1100
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• 2008

The purpose of this study is to find out how energy substrate's utilizations in the maximal exercise-cardiorespiratory function and the energy metabolic variation- have the effect on before and after the supplements of coenzyme Q10(100mg per day for 8 weeks) based on the male students(CoQ10=8, placebo=8) of high school. The results of this study are as follows: Maximal oxygen uptake and maximal oxygen per weight are found to have the significant increase respectively in supplement group. Glucose is found to have the significant decrease after the supplement of CoQ10. And then FFA is found to have the significant increase. In the above results, the supplements of CoQ10 and cardiorespiratory function in the maximal exercise are found to have the improvement. CoQ10 in the anaerobic exercise spares the energy's utilization of Glucose and then is found to have the increase of the utilization of FFA. CoQ10 in the aerobic exercise is reported to have the increase of the utilization of FFA and then CoQ10 in the maximal exercise is also recognized to have the increase of the utilization of FFA, or energy substrates.