• Journal of The Korean Dental Society of Anesthesiology
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.157-165
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• 2014

Background: Incisional site of surgical operation become transient ischemic state and then occur reoxygenation due to vasodilatation by inflammatory reaction, the productive reactive oxygen species (ROS) give rise to many physiologic results. Apoptosis have major role on elimination of inflammatory cell and formation of granulation tissue in normal wound healing process. Remifentanil can prevent the inflammatory response and can suppress inducible nitric oxide synthase expression in a septic mouse model. After cardiopulmonary bypass for coronary artery surgery, remifentanil can also inhibit the release of biomarkers of myocardial damage. Here we investigated whether remifentanil pretreatment has cellular protective effect against hypoxia-reoxygenation in HaCaT human keratinocytes, if so, the role of apoptosis and autophagy on this phenomenon. Methods: The HaCaT human keratinocytes were exposed to various concentrations of remifentanil (0.01, 0.05, 0.1, 0.5 and 1 ng/ml) for 2 h before hypoxia (RPC/HR group). These cells were cultured under 1% oxygen tension for 24h at $37^{\circ}C$. After hypoxia, to simulate reoxygenation and recovery, the cells were reoxygenated for 12 h at $37^{\circ}C$. 3-MA/RPC/HR group was treated 3-methyladenine (3-MA), autophagy inhibitor for 1h before remifentanil treatment. Cell viability was measured using a quantitative colorimetric assay with thiazolyl blue tetrazoliumbromide (MTT, amresco), showing the mitochondrial activity of living cells. To investigate whether the occurrence of autophagy and apoptosis, we used fluorescence microscopy and Western blot analysis. Results: The viability against hypoxia-reoxygenation injury in remifentanil preconditioning keratinocytes were increased, and these cells were showed stimulated expression of autophagy 3-MA suppressed the induction of autophagy effectively and the protective effects on apoptosis. Atg5, Beclin-1, LC3-II and p62 were elevated in RPC/HR group. But they were decreased when autophagy was suppressed by 3-MA. Conclusions: Remifentanil preconditioning showed the protective effect in human keratinocytes, and we concluded that autophagy may take the major role in the recovery of wound from hypoxia-reoxygenation injury. We suggest that further research is needed about the cell protective effects of autophagy.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.291-298
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• 2018

The purpose of this study was to analyze the effectiveness of on-board medical education for crew and medical managers. The satisfaction of the crew and the medical managers after undergoing the medical education was selected as a measure of effectiveness. The data collection period extended from October 2015 to March 2018 for about 2 years and 6 months, and a total of 310 questionnaires were collected and sampled. However, in this study, regression analysis was performed with only 96 samples because of the addition and modification of questionnaire items in the regression analysis. This study investigated the effect of on-board medical educational assistance (trauma education, nursing care, CPR, and overall educational content) and control variables (total boarding career, age, final education, and education year) on satisfaction. The important findings were as follows: i) Higher the degree of trauma education, higher was the satisfaction, ii) higher the degree of overall educational content, higher was the satisfaction, iii) higher the degree of CPR education, higher was the satisfaction, iv) increased total boarding career reduced the satisfaction level, v) and higher the final education, higher was the satisfaction.

• Advances in pediatric surgery
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.53-69
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• 2006

This is a survey on congenital posterolateral diaphragmatic hernia, conducted by the Korean Association of Pediatric Surgeons(KAPS). A registration form for each patient during the 5-year-period between 1998 and 2002 and a questionaire were sent to each member. Twenty-ninemembers in 22 institutions returned completed forms. The average number of patients per surgeon was 1.4 cases a year. The male to female ratio was 1.64: 1, and annual incidencewas 1/14,522 live births. In this review, factors influencing survival in congenital posterolateral diaphragmatic hernia were age at admission, birth weight, time of antenatal diagnosis, birth place, Apgar score, onset time of symptoms and signs, preoperative cardiopulmonary resuscitation, associated anomalies of themusculoskeletal system, central nervous system, or chromosomes, preoperative stabilization, levels of preoperative $FiO_2$, pH, and $AaDO_2$, perioperative complications, bilaterality of defect, size of the defect, and presence or absence of hernia sac.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.118-133
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• 2018

Purpose: Exercise intervention after surgery has been found to improve physical fitness and quality of life (QOL). The purpose of this study was to investigate the feasibility and effects of a postoperative recovery exercise program developed specifically for gastric cancer patients (PREP-GC) undergoing minimally invasive gastrectomy. Materials and Methods: Twenty-four patients treated surgically for early gastric cancer were enrolled in the PREP-GC. The exercise program comprised sessions of In-hospital Exercise (1 week), Home Exercise (1 week), and Fitness Improvement Exercise (8 weeks). Adherence and compliance to PREP-GC were evaluated. In addition, body composition, physical fitness, and QOL were assessed during the preoperative period, after the postoperative recovery (2 weeks after surgery), and upon completing the PREP-GC (10 weeks after surgery). Results: Of the 24 enrolled patients, 20 completed the study without any adverse events related to the PREP-GC. Adherence and compliance rates to the Fitness Improvement Exercise were 79.4% and 99.4%, respectively. Upon completing the PREP-GC, patients also exhibited restored cardiopulmonary function and muscular strength, with improved muscular endurance and flexibility (P<0.05). Compared to those in the preoperative period, no differences were found in symptom scale scores measured using the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) Core Quality of Life Questionnaire (QLQ-C30) and Quality of Life Questionnaire-Stomach Cancer-Specific Module (QLQ-STO22); however, higher scores for global health status and emotional functioning were observed after completing the PREP-GC (P<0.05). Conclusions: In gastric cancer patients undergoing minimally invasive gastrectomy, PREP-GC was found to be feasible and safe, with high adherence and compliance. Although randomized studies evaluating the benefits of exercise intervention during postoperative recovery are needed, surgeons should encourage patients to participate in systematic exercise intervention programs in the early postoperative period (Registered at the ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT01751880).

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.20 no.9
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• pp.1299-1305
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• 2010

Cardiac troponin-I (cTnI), creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB), and C-reactive protein (CRP) are routine cardiac markers for the diagnosis of cardiovascular disease. Recently, brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) has garnered attention as a marker of heart failure. This study was retrospectively designed to investigate the relationships between preoperative BNP, other cardiac markers levels and perioperative parameters in seventy-four adult patients that underwent off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (OPCAB) and to assess its usefulness for predicting postoperative outcomes. Preoperative levels of BNP, cTnI, CK-MB, and CRP had significantly positive or negative correlations with echocadiographic parameters. There were significantly positive relationships between BNP, cTnI, CK-MB, and CRP concentration. Postoperative mechanical ventilation time had a positive correlation to preoperative levels of cTnI, CK-MB, and CRP, while ICU-staying period had a positive correlation with BNP, cTnI and CK-MB. These results reveal that a preoperative level of BNP is a good predictor and that its combination with cTnI, CK-MB, and CRP might be useful for diagnosis and comprehensive risk stratification of patients with coronary heart diseases, as well as prognosis of perioperative outcomes in OPCAB patients.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.21 no.8
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• pp.1127-1133
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• 2011

Exercise has been shown to positively influence quality of life for elderly men with a wide variety of medical illnesses. Tai chi exercise, a slow and graceful form of exercise and meditation, has especially been offered as the ideal exercise for elderly men with diverse conditions, such as people suffering from chronic heart failure or breast cancer survivors. In one recent study, Tai Chi was found to improve exercise capacity, sleep stability, and quality of life in heart failure patients including elderly men. The purpose of the study was to examine the effects of 16 weeks of Tai Chi exercise (3 times/week, 60 min/trial, 40-50% HRR) on physical and physiological changes. Sixty four healthy volunteers without any particular disease between the ages of 65 and 79 years participated in the study. The results were as follows; Significant changes of cardiac endurance, strength, muscle endurance, flexibility and balance were observed following 16 weeks of Tai Chi exercise (p<0.05). In addition, significant changes of diastolic blood pressure, body fat and fat-free mass were observed following 16 weeks of Tai Chi exercise (p<0.05). These findings suggest that a brief period of Tai Chi exercise is beneficial, particularly to elderly men. It is especially beneficial for body composition, and physical fitness factors such as cardiopulmonary endurance, muscle endurance, flexibility, and balance. Further study is needed in this area for specific disease patients.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.142-149
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• 2010

The aim of this study was to report the out-of-hospital resuscitation of cardiac arrest along with literature consideration. CPR is technology of resuscitating patient by maintaining oxygen supply to organ, by preventing progression from clinical death to biological death, and by recovering heart beat and circulation, through circulatory support of mechanical ventilation. It is not what every patient with cardiac standstill is revived even if being implemented CPR. Patient's survival rate is decided by how quickly and correctly CPR was executed. A patient, who wasn't witnessed the cardiac arrest on the field, was performed 5-cycle CPR for 2 minutes on the field before being transferred to hospital, and was allowed to be used AED. A person, who was observed, is recommended to be used AED immediately, and then is said to be needed ACLS (advanced cardiac life support). In the Out-of-Hospital stage, it is rare in a case that 119 Emergency Medical Service System transfers by being ROSC and in a case of executing ACLS. Cardiac arrest was witnessed on the field, but CPR wasn't executed. First-aid staff executed CPR after arriving, and led to ROSC on the field with ACLS, there by having experienced 1 case of a patient's surviving to leave hospital by being ROSC on the field.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.137-141
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• 2016

Cross contamination between a patient and rescuer or CPR trainees can occur when performing mouth to mouth ventilation during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). On the other hand, there has been a lack of research on the filtration efficacy of face shields that are designed to protect people from cross-contamination. This study aims to secure the safety of rescuers from communicable diseases in pre-hospital emergency settings and CPR trainees by verifying the protective effects of face shields. The FA shield and CM Shield were used to verify the safety. The bacteria collected from filters used by CPR trainees were incubated. These incubated bacteria were smeared onto the new filters, and were then blown out through the filters using a Bag Valve Mask (BVM) and the pathogens at the front and the back of the filters were checked. While the FA shield was effective in preventing the transmission of pathogens, the CM shield did not prevent the transmission of pathogens. Therefore, some of face shields that received national certification are ineffective in preventing cross-contamination. Accordingly, it is necessary to verify the safety of other face shields used domestically.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.24 no.12
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• pp.143-149
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• 2019

This study investigates the satisfaction of students who participated in 'Disaster Safety and On-Site Emergency Management' weekend course, the high school-university affiliated program, to provide the basic data on university's major linked program developing and teaching methods. 98 high school students attended the courses at D General high school and B University in North Jeonlla Province. Among the participants, 52%(51 students) were sophomores, while 56.1%(55 students) were male and 43.9%(43 students) were female. The collected data was analyzed by using the SPSS statistics version 21.0 program. 80.6%(79 students) among the participants chose the weekend course program by themselves, 85.7%(84 students) were with clear motivation and goal, and 42.9%(42 students) answered "so interested studying Emergency at a college in the future" The most important reasons to choose this program are as follows: score 4.68 for 'the degree to which the useful program for youth', score 4.58 for 'the leader's expertise', and score 4.53 for 'reflecting the opinion of youth.' After the program's experience, the 'certificate for cardiopulmonary resuscitation' was the most important and the most satisfactory with score 4.78 and score 4.83 respectively. As the university career program using various job experience can be a meaningful experience that enhance the level of career status and career decisions of high school students, this program will strengthen the affiliation between high school and university curriculum and establish the sufficient national social system environment.

• Journal of Haehwa Medicine
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.151-162
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• 2002

Objective Many literature-based researches and clinical studies have been thus far reported of wha-byuong in Oriental medicine but acupunctural approaches to it have been little executed, which motivated this study to be conducted through acupunctural treatment. For that purpose, this study carried out incessant treatment on wha-byuong-having outpatients of this hospital who were suffering from gunhwa of wha in the saam acupuncture in order to inquire into the features of wha-byuong represented recently, and thereupon this got some intellect and knowledge out of clinical cases, which led this study to report them. Methodology Two wha-byuong outpatients were taken as subjects for this study who visited this hospital from January 10, 2002 through May 20, 2002. As for the contents of treatment and the administration of medicine, acupuncture utilized size $30{\times}50mm$ needles and the performance of treatment depended upon yuchim for 20 to 40 minutes at one time by means of simseunggyok (eumgok, sohae bo, taebaek, sinmun sa) on both right and left sides of the outpatients. As the case may be, sobu, baekhoi, and pungji were used at the same time. Bosa of simseunegyok took youngsu bosa. In order to evaluate treatment, symptoms were classified with diagrams into physical symptoms, dorgan symptoms, urinogenital organs symptoms, dermatological symptoms, cardiopulmonary symptoms, musculoskeletal symptoms, somnipathy symptoms, caput and sensual organ symptoms, psychomotor activity symptoms, and other symptoms, and then signs and marks were given to indicate the most objective values according to symptoms of the patients perceived in different sessions both prior and posterior to treatment. Conclusion As a result of having conducted treatment on two outpatients who visited this hospital for their wha-byuong from January 10, 2002 through May 20, 2002, conclusions were obtained, as follows: 1. Treatment depended very largely upon simseunggyok of the saam acupuncture, and as the case may be, baekhoi, pungji and sobu were utilized at the same time. 2. Much more effects were produced only when the patients had got rid of the causes of wha-byuong they had. Furthermore, the perceived seriousness of the symptoms presented had not been improved, regardless of their wha-byuong, 3. The main symptoms complained by the patients such as sangyeolgam, anxieties, impatience, hungmin, difficulty in breathing, cardiopalmus, insomnia, digestive troubles, etc. showed for the most part conspicuous therapeutical effects upon the symptoms of wha-byuong. In particular, a high degree of improvement was represented from melancholia and pyrexia.