• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.35-51
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• 2013

The aims of this study was to observed an effect of antioxidative in cardiac muscle of high fat diet induced obesity rat by treadmill exercise with intensity and time. Thirty-two Sprauge-Dawley rats which were divided into four group. Normal, Control(high fat diet induced obesity rat), Experimental I(high intensity intermittent exercise in high fat diet induced obesity rat), Experimental II(moderate intensity endurance exercise in high fat diet induced obesity rat). The results of this study were as follows: 1. In change of body weight, the outcome of each group significantly difference compared with control. Also, 1 to 3 weeks significantly different compared with pre valu experimental I and II(p<0.001). 2. In change of lipid profile, the outcome of each group significantly difference compared with control(p<0.001). Difference between experimental I and II is not significantly. 3. In change of antioxidative enzymes(SOD, CAT, GPx) in myocardium, there are significant difference between control and experimental II, and also between control and experimental I(p<0.001). 4. In change of antioxidative protein MCR-1, the outcome of each group significantly difference compared with control(p<0.01). Experimental II was most significantly difference than the other group(p<0.001). The above results suggest that treadmill exercise effectively reduced in fat. It would be considered that moderate intensity endurance exercise has an effects on improved antioxidative enzyme in cardiac muscle of high fat diet induced obesity rat.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.8
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• pp.4025-4030
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• 2012

Background and Objective: Cardiotoxicity and oxidative stress is a life-threatening side effect of doxorubicin (DOX). We investigate the effects of short-term exercise as therapeutic tool for improvement of cardioprotection against DOX-induced cardiotoxicity in the rat. Methods: Wistar males (weighing $257{\pm}28g$) were divided into six groups: (1) control+placebo (2) control+DOX $10mg.kg^{-1}$ (3) control+DOX $20mg.kg^{-1}$ (4) training+placebo (5) training+ DOX$10mg.kg^{-1}$ (6) training+DOX $20mg.kg^{-1}$. Cardiotoxicity was induced by DOX (10 and $20mg.kg^{-1}$). The rats in groups 4, 5 and 6 experienced treadmill running of 25 to $39min.day^{-1}$ and 15 to $17m.min^{-1}$, 5 days/wk for 3 wk. At the end of the endurance training program, rats in the 1 and 4 groups, in the 2 and 5 groups and in the 3 and 6 groups received saline solution, DOX $10mg.kg^{-1}$ and DOX $20mg.kg^{-1}$, respectively. Result: DOX administration (10 and $20mg.kg^{-1}$) caused significant increase in MDA and Apelin, an insignificant increase in NO and a significant decrease in SOD, as compared to the C+P group. Three weeks of the pretreatment endurance exercise resulted in a significant increase of Apelin and SOD, an insignificant increase of NO and an insignificant decrease of MDA, as compared to the C+P group. Furthermore, after three weeks of endurance training and DOX treatment with $10mg.kg^{-1}$ and $20mg.kg^{-1}$, a significant increase in apelin and SOD, and a significant decrease in MDA were detected in comparison to C+DOX10 and/or C+DOX20 groups. There was a significant difference between DOX$10mg.kg^{-1}$ and DOX$20mg.kg^{-1}$ treatments in MDA levels only. Conclusion: Pretreatment exercise may improve myocardial tolerance to DOX-induced cardiotoxicity by inhibition of oxidative stress and up-regulation of antioxidants in heart tissue.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.13-21
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• 1973

An attempt was made to study circulatory and respiratory responses to the passive tilt. Anesthetized dogs were tilted from horizontal to upright $(+90^{\circ})$ and head down $(-90^{\circ})$ position. The arterial blood pressure was decreased in the upright position and was decreased slightly in the head down position comparing to that in the horizontal position. Cardiac index also decreased in the both upright and head down positions. The total systemic vascular resistance was slightly increased in the upright position and was markedly increased in the head down position. The mean pulmonary arterial pressure was significantly decreased in the both upright and head down positions. The total pulmonary vascular resistance was decreased in the both upright and head down positions. Oxygen consumption was slightly decreased in the upright position, whereas it was slightly increased in the head down position. The A-V $O_2$ difference (vol. %) was slightly increased in the upright position and increased in the head down position. From the above results, process of the circulatory compensation to the gravity in the Passive tilting test was discussed. Neuronal cardiovascular regulation to the gravity and tile adaptation of capacitance vessles to hydrostatic stress and oxygen consumption concerning anoxic endurance of the brain were also discussed.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.436-444
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• 2023

Scientific training, diet, and ergogenic aids are widely used to overcome the limits of humans' physical abilities and to achieve excellent sports records. The adoption of nutritional strategies is important for athletes to perform at their highest level, and one of the main factors determining endurance ability is increased fat metabolism. A ketogenic diet (high fat, low carbohydrates) has thus been proposed as an alternative strategy to maximize fatty acid oxidation during prolonged periods of exercise. However, studies have shown mixed results regarding the ergogenic value of a ketogenic diet. For this reason, exogenous ketone supplements (EKS, ingestible forms of ketone bodies, ketone esters, and/or salts) have been suggested to obtain nutritional ketosis, an acute transient increase in circulating acetoacetate (AcAc) and b-hydroxybutyrate (bHB) concentrations, without limiting carbohydrate intake. Some studies have suggested the beneficial effects of EKS on the performance of endurance exercises by providing an additional fuel substrate for peripheral tissues, such as cardiac and skeletal muscles, sparing carbohydrates/increasing fat oxidation and post-exercise recovery by increasing glycogen resynthesis in the liver/muscle, attenuating protein degradation, stimulating protein synthesis in the skeletal muscle, etc. However, many studies have failed to observe the beneficial effects of EKS as an ergogenic aid. As such, this review summarizes the theoretical basis of, as well as the proposed and proven effects of EKS on exercise performance and recovery to date.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.126-135
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• 2007

This study was conducted to identify the effects of the oriental medicine Qigong Exercise on the brain power, HRV, pulsation, live blood condition among young boys and girls. The study was performed with two group(control group and experimental group) in a pre-test/post-test design. The subjects were 44 young boys and girls selected by a some middle school in Busan. The oriental medicine Qigong Exercise program consists of 80-minute sessions three times a week over 5 months. All of the subjects were examined on the congnition assessment tool, stress assessment tool, oriental medicine pulsation 3-D MAC, live blood condition analyzer Prior and post surveys were measured before and after the experiment. In the cognition assessment, the amplitude of ERS were increased afer Qigong Exercise. The Success and the Concentration were significantly increased afer Qigong Exercise, the Error was significantly decreased afer Qigong Exercise. The Cognition strength was significantly increased, but the Reponse time was not significantly decreased afer Qigong Exercise. And the Workload was not significantly decreased, the Total Score was not significantly increased afer Qigong Exercise. Among the stress assessment, RRV tachogram's ‘mean RR’ was significantly increased, ‘mean HRV’ was significantly decreased afer Qigong Exercise. SDNN was not significantly increased, Complexity was not significantly increased afer Qigong Exercise. And TP(RRV power's total power) was not significantly increased, VLF and HF was significantly increased, and LF was significantly decreased afer Qigong Exercise. ANS's norm LF was not significantly decreased, but norm HF was significantly increased afer Qigong Exercise. In the RRV's Phase Plot, RMSSD and SDSD were not significantly increased, pnn50 was not significantly decreased afer Qigong Exercise. On the whole, Parasympathetic Activity and Stress Endurance were significantly increased, but Cardiac Activity and Physical Arousal were not significantly increased afer Qigong Exercise. Cardiac Aging was not significantly decreased afer Qigong Exercise. Sympathetic Activity, Autonomic Nervous System Balance and Heart-load were not significantly decreased afer Qigong Exercise. In the pulsation, press power was increased(15%), and w/t(pressurization time / pulsation time) was decreased(20%) afer Oigong Exercise. And the live blood condition was not changed afer Qigong Exercise. As mentioned above; the oriental medicine Qigong Exercise program was identified the effects of the inspiration of the brain power, heart rate and anti-stress.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.40 no.6
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• pp.1136-1144
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• 2019

Objective: Physical inactivity contributes to mortality rates and is now the fourth most frequent cause of death worldwide. Red ginseng is a medicinal herb that is often used as an ergogenic aid. In this study, red ginseng was administered to rats to test whether it affected their ability to exercise. Methods: Forty-five rats were randomly distributed and divided into five groups: normal (N, n=5), control (C, n=10), the group to which only red ginseng was administered (H, n=10), the group to which only amino acid complex was administered (A, n=10), and the group to which both red ginseng and amino acid complex were administered (HA, n=10). Once a day for three weeks, 333.3 mg/kg body weight per day (b.w./day) of red ginseng and 750 mg/kg b.w./day of amino acid preparation were administered to rats. After three weeks, body weight, swimming time, and the weight of the anterior tibialis muscle of rat were measured. Blood was taken for analysis using the cardiac puncture method. Results: The swimming time of group H (921.3±199.26 sec) showed significant improvement compared to that of group C (798.48±156.37 sec) (p<0.05). Conclusion: Red ginseng has improved swimming time in rat and can be used as an effective ergogenic aid.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.72-80
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to verify the effects on fine motor, muscle strength (hand-grip), explosive muscular strength (vertical jump) and muscular endurance (sit-up) after ingesting coffee. Hence this study targeted a sample group of 38 healthy men in their twenties, without cardiac disorders and muscle disorders and none of them were hypersensitive to caffeine with symptoms such as palpitation and dyspnea. Nineteen of them ingested coffee, whereas the other nineteen men ingested decaffeinated coffee at the same amount. The amount of coffee was controlled by weight so as to regulate intake to 6 mg caffeine per kg. Research material was evaluated through O'Conner's finger dexterity test, hand-grip strength test, vertical jump test and sit-up test. The data were analyzed by means of paired t-test and ANCOVA. The material was then, analyzed by means of two-way ANOVA in order to verify the effect of one or two cups of coffee on fine motor and hand-grip strength. All parameters were measured by an independent observer. The results were as follows: There were no significant differences to fine motor, hand-grip strength, vertical jump, sit-up before and after drinking decaffeinated coffee, but there was a difference to those before and after drinking caffeine coffee. There was no significant difference to hand dexterity and hand-grip strength in one or two cups of coffee. Intake of a certain dosage of caffeine effects activation of muscles working in a short period based on the results. As a consequence, intake of certain dosages of caffeine was beneficial to enhance efficiency of activity during exercises, but it is will be difficult to obtain the desired result with only one or two cups of coffee.