• International Journal of Concrete Structures and Materials
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.111-117
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• 2013

Heavy oil fly ash (HOFA) is a byproduct generated by the burning of heavy fuel oil. Chemical analysis showed that HOFA is mainly composed of unburned carbon with a significant amount of heavy metals. Due to toxicity, management of this waste poses a challenge to the industry personal. The present study investigates the possible use of HOFA as a black pigment or admixture in cement mortar aiming to produce ornamental brick. In order to investigate the change of cement mortar strength when HOFA is added, the standard compressive strength test with 50 mm cubes was performed. The results showed that the addition of 2-5 % of HOFA in cement mortar does not affect its strength. The leaching behavior of trace elements within HOFA and HOFA mixed mortar were investigated through laboratory batch leaching experiments. The results confirmed that HOFA can be utilized as a black pigment in ornamental brick, which is environmentally safe and provides good balance between color and brick properties.

• Journal of environmental and Sanitary engineering
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.98-104
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• 2000

Commercial rubber(IR, NR, BR), SBR, and tire were degraded by thermal degradation process. The oil yield of rubbers and tire ranges about 37~86%, it was increased with increase of operation temperature in pyrolysis. And the yield of pyrolytic oil was increased with increase of heating rate. The maximum oil yields of IR, NR, BR, SBR, and tire were 80, 73, 83, 86 and 55% each at $700^{\circ}C$ with a heating rate of $20^{\circ}C$/min, respectively. The pyrolytic oil components were consisted of about 50 aromatic compounds. The calorific value of purolytic oil of commercial rubber, SBR, and tire was measured by calorimeter, it was 39~40 kJ/g. The BET surface area of pyroblack was $47~63m^2/g$. The optimum condition of pyrolysis was operating temperature of $700^{\circ}C$ with heating rate of $20^{\circ}C$. Therefore, the pyrolytic oil and pyroblack are possible to alternative fuel and carbon black.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.81-87
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• 1996

The purpose of this research is to examine the utilization of oyster shells for neutralization and removal of heavy metal ions in plating wastewater, because oyster shells have been known to be very porous, to have high specific surface area and to have alkaline minerals such as calcium and magnesium. The results obtianed from this research showed that oyster shells had a buffer capacity to neutralize an acidic.alkali system in plating wastewater. Generally, it could be showed that the removal efficiencies of heavy metal ions were very influenced by reaction times and oyster shell dosages. In point of ocean waste, if oyster shells substituted for a valuable adsorbent such as actviated carbon, they could look forward to an expected economical effect.

• Journal of Hydrogen and New Energy
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.11-16
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• 1995

Chemical heat pump is one of the energy conversion technologies, which enables to use waste heat as a source of high grade heat. In 2-propanol/acetone system, the dehydrogenation of 2-propanol is an endothermic(heat absorption) reaction, and can be used to generate hydrogen because 2-propanol can be converted to acetone and hydrogen at low temperature(about $8^{\circ}C$) using catalyst. For the dehydrogenation of 2-propanol 5% Ru catalyst based on activated carbon is the best one at the reaction temparature of $83^{\circ}C$.

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2002.04a
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• pp.265-268
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• 2002

Lactate and ammonia are two major toxic waste products formed during mammalian cell culture. Accumulation of the side products have negative effects of on cell growth and specific production rate. In this study, K-562 cells were used as the host cell of a recombinant protein. Effects of carbon sources were invetigated focused on the cell culture span, the accumulation of lactate and ammonia in culture of recombinant K-562 cells.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2009.11a
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• pp.310-312
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• 2009

일반적으로 초산을 제조하기 위해 사용되는 CO를 생산하기 위하여 납사(Naptha)를 가스화하는 부분산화공정을 이용하거나 촉매를 사용한 Steam reforming공정을 적용하고 있다. 가스화 및 Steam reforming의 원료가 되는 납사는 고가이므로 폐기물의 가스화를 통해 발생하는 합성가스 내의 CO를 활용하여 초산제조의 원료로 사용할 수 있다면 초산제조 공정에서의 CO 제조 비용 절감 및 폐기물 자원화의 효과를 동시에 달성할 수 있을 것으로 생각된다. 본 연구에서는 폐기물의 가스화를 통해 발생한 합성가스 내의 CO에 대한 초산제조의 원료로의 적용가능성을 검토하기 위하여 폐기물의 종류 및 성상에 따른 CO 발생량을 비교하였다.

• New & Renewable Energy
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.5-14
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• 2008

The target for the reduction of $CO_2$ emissions, as specified in the Kyoto Protocol, can only be achieved by an extended use of renewable fuels and the increasing of the energy efficiency. The energy generation from waste gases with a reasonable content of methane like biogas can significantly contribute to reach this target. A further reduction of greenhouse gas emissions is possible by increasing the electrical efficiency using progressive technologies. Fuel cells can be highly energy conversion devices. Utilizing biogas as the fuel for fuel cell systems offers an option that is technically feasible, potentially economically attractive and greenhouse gas neutral. High temperature fuel cells that are able to operate with carbon monoxide in the feed are well suited to these applications. Furthermore, because they do not require noble metal catalysts, the cost of high-temperature fuel cells has the greatest potential to become competitive in the near future compared to other types of fuel cells.

• Hwankyungkyoyuk
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.87-98
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• 2010

This study examined college students' environmental knowledge, attitudes as well as their behaviors in Busan. Among four areas (biodiversity, carbon cycle, ozone, and global warming) of environmental knowledge, students represented the most understanding on global warming, and the least understanding on biodiversity. In regards to environmental attitude, students represented the lowest scores in reality of limits to growth, and the highest scores in antianthropocentrism. With respect to environmental-friendly behavior, less than 30% of students responded that they always tried to use less paper towels. In addition, only 24% of students responded that they always recycle e-waste. These college students did not represent gender difference in environmental knowledge, attitude as well as behavior. Moreover, there was a strong relationship between environmental knowledge and attitude, while no relationship between environmental knowledge and behavior as well as between environmental attitude and behavior.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.15 no.10
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• pp.975-982
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• 2006

This study has been conducted to optimum operating conditions for effective acid fermentation according to OLR(organic loading rate) in the mesophilic and thermophilic acid fermentation process. The results are summarized as follows. In order to obtain reasonable acid fermentation efficiency in performing acid fermentation of food wastes in thermophilic condition, organic loading rate was required below 20 gVS/L.d. As $SCOD_{Cr}/TKN,\;SCOD_{Cr}/T-P$ of thermophilic acid fermented food wastes In organic loading rate 20 gVS/L.d were 18.9, 73.4 respectively, it was possible to utilize as external carbon source for denitrification in sewage treatment plant after solid-liquid separation as well as co-digestion of fermented food wastes and sewage sludge.

• Journal of Institute of Control, Robotics and Systems
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• v.12 no.12
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• pp.1184-1190
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• 2006

Most chemical companies try to maximize their energy efficiencies due to high oil price and reinforcement of environmental regulation. An individual factory continuously has tried to reduce energy consumption or carbon dioxide discharge for high profit. Nevertheless, it is found that waste heat is disposed with forms of low or medium pressure steams. It can be improved by the aspect of entire industrial complex. Therefore, we have developed a steam network optimization method using Steam Networking Matrices(SNMs) in this research. Results from an illustrative example show that energy consumption can be reduced by optimizing steam exchange networks.