• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.337-353
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• 2021

Micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) are widely employed in sensors, biomedical devices, optic sectors, and micro-accelerometers. New reinforcement materials such as carbon nanotubes as well as graphene platelets provide stiffer structures with controllable mechanical specifications by changing the graphene platelet features. This paper deals with buckling analyses of functionally graded graphene platelets micro plates with two piezoelectric layers subjected to external applied voltage. Governing equations are based on Kirchhoff plate theory assumptions beside the modified couple stress theory to incorporate the micro scale influences. A uniform temperature change and external electric field are regarded along the micro plate thickness. Moreover, an external in-plane mechanical load is uniformly distributed along the micro plate edges. The Hamilton's principle is employed to extract the governing equations. The material properties of each composite layer reinforced with graphene platelets of the considered micro plate are evaluated by the Halpin-Tsai micromechanical model. The governing equations are solved by the Navier's approach for the case of simply-supported boundary condition. The effects of the external applied voltage, the material length scale parameter, the thickness of the piezoelectric layers, the side, the length and the weight fraction of the graphene platelets as well as the graphene platelets distribution pattern on the critical buckling temperature change and on the critical buckling in-plane load are investigated. The outcomes illustrate the reduction of the thermal buckling strength independent of the graphene platelets distribution pattern while meanwhile the mechanical buckling strength is promoted. Furthermore, a negative voltage, -50 Volt, strengthens the micro plate stability against the thermal buckling occurrence about 9% while a positive voltage, 50 Volt, decreases the critical buckling load about 9% independent of the graphene platelet distribution pattern.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제38권5호
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• pp.477-496
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• 2021

The main objective of this paper is to study vibration of sandwich open cylindrical panel with damaged core and FG face sheets based on three-dimensional theory of elasticity. The structures are made of a damaged isotropic core and two external face sheets. These skins are strengthened at the nanoscale level by randomly oriented Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and are reinforced at the microscale stage by oriented straight fibers. These reinforcing phases are included in a polymer matrix and a three-phase approach based on the Eshelby-Mori-Tanaka scheme and on the Halpin-Tsai approach, which is developed to compute the overall mechanical properties of the composite material. Three complicated equations of motion for the panel under consideration are semi-analytically solved by using 2-D differential quadrature method. Several parametric analyses are carried out to investigate the mechanical behavior of these multi-layered structures depending on the damage features, through-the-thickness distribution and boundary conditions. It is seen that for the large amount of power-law index "P", increasing this parameter does not have significant effect on the non-dimensional natural frequency parameters of the FG sandwich curved panel. Results indicate that by increasing the value of isotropic damage parameter "D" up to the unity (fully damaged core) the frequency would tend to become zero. One can dictate the fiber variation profile through the radial direction of the sandwich panel via the amount of "P", "b" and "c" parameters. It should be noticed that with increase of volume fraction of fibers, the frequency parameter of the panels does not increase necessarily, so by considering suitable amounts of power-law index "P" and the parameters "b" and "c", one can get dynamic characteristics similar or better than the isotropic limit case for laminated FG curved panels.

• 공업화학
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.17-27
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• 2022

형광 이미징은 시간 분해능과 공간 해상도가 높기 때문에 기초연구에서 세포나 소동물 이미징에 널리 활용된다. 기존의 형광 이미징은 가시광선 영역의 광원을 활용하기 때문에 조직 내 광투과도가 낮고, 광원에 의한 광독성이 생길 수 있으며, 자가형광에 의한 간섭으로 검출 민감도가 떨어지는 한계가 있다. 이러한 점을 개선하기 위해 에너지가 낮은 장파장의 광원을 활용하고자 하며, 700~900 nm 영역을 활용하는 근적외선-I 형광 이미징이 개발되었고, 이미징 성능을 대폭 향상시키기 위해서 1000~1700 nm 영역의 장파장을 이용하는 근적외선-II 이미징이 연구자들의 관심을 받고 있다. 근적외선-II 영역은 광산란이 최소화되어 생체조직 내 투과도를 약 10 mm까지 향상시킬 수 있고, 생체조직의 자가형광도 최소화되어 고민감도와 고해상도의 형광 이미징이 가능하다. 본 총설에서는 다양한 근적외선-II 형광 이미징 탐침 중에서 광안정성이 뛰어나고 발광 파장 조절이 용이한 무기 나노입자 기반 탐침에 대해 살펴보았고, 그 중에서 단층 탄소 나노튜브와 양자점 및 란탄족 나노입자에 대해 중점적으로 기술하였다.

• 한국건설순환자원학회논문집
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.343-350
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• 2022

최근 취성재료인 콘크리트의 강도 발현에 가장 불리하게 작용하는 영역인 골재와 시멘트 복합체 사이 Interfacial transition zone (ITZ) 성능 개선을 위해 나노 실리카, 탄소나노튜브, 그래핀 옥사이드(GO) 등 나노물질을 활용한 방안이 제시되고 있다. 나노물질 중에서 우수한 분산성을 가진 GO는 ITZ 영역에 높은 비율로 존재하는 Ca²⁺과 화학적 결합을 형성하여 일반강도 콘크리트 내 ITZ 성능 개선에 효과적인 것으로 보고되었다. 본 연구에서 미소수화열 분석 및 Scanning electron microscope 이미지 분석 기법을 활용하여 도출한 GO 혼입에 따른 수화 발열량 변화와 ITZ의 두께 변화 및 표준사 주변 공극 분포 변화를 통해 GO가 고강도 시멘트 모르타르 내 ITZ 특성에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제44권1호
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• pp.65-79
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• 2022

The main goal of this paper is to study the vibration of damaged core laminated annular plates with FG face sheets based on a three-dimensional theory of elasticity. The structures are made of a damaged isotropic core and two external face sheets. These skins are strengthened at the nanoscale level by randomly oriented Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and are reinforced at the microscale stage by oriented straight fibers. These reinforcing phases are included in a polymer matrix and a three-phase approach based on the Eshelby-Mori-Tanaka scheme and on the Halpin-Tsai approach, which is developed to compute the overall mechanical properties of the composite material. In this study the effect of microcracks on the vibrational characteristic of the sandwich plate is considered. In particular, the structures are made by an isotropic core that undergoes a progressive uniform damage, which is modeled as a decay of the mechanical properties expressed in terms of engineering constants. These defects are uniformly distributed and affect the central layer of the plates independently from the direction, this phenomenon is known as "isotropic damage" and it is fully described by a scalar parameter. Three complicated equations of motion for the sectorial plates under consideration are semi-analytically solved by using 2-D differential quadrature method. Using the 2-D differential quadrature method in the r- and z-directions, allows one to deal with sandwich annular plate with arbitrary thickness distribution of material properties and also to implement the effects of different boundary conditions of the structure efficiently and in an exact manner. The fast rate of convergence and accuracy of the method are investigated through the different solved examples. The sandwich annular plate is assumed to have any arbitrary boundary conditions at the circular edges including simply supported, clamped and, free. Several parametric analyses are carried out to investigate the mechanical behavior of these multi-layered structures depending on the damage features, through-the-thickness distribution, and boundary conditions.

• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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• 제36권5호
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• pp.531-535
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• 2023

Mechanoluminescence (ML) is a phenomenon where the application of mechanical force to ML materials generates an electric field and produces light, holding significant promise as an eco-friendly technology. However, challenges in commercializing ML technology has arisen due to its low brightness and short luminous lifetime. To address this, in this work, we enhance ML efficiency by mixing carbon nanotubes (CNTs) into a ZnS: Cu embedded in a polydimethylsiloxane composite ML device. The inclusion of CNTs boosts ML intensity by 98% compared to devices without CNTs, as the increasing CNT fraction elevates conductivity, thereby amplifying ML intensity. However, this increase in CNT fraction also leads to enhanced light absorption within the device. Consequently, we observe a trend where ML intensity rises initially but declines beyond a CNT fraction of 0.0015 wt%. Based on these findings, we anticipate that our research will make valuable contributions to the advancement of electrical powerless mechanoluminescent technology.

• 전기전자학회논문지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.83-88
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• 2022

높은 성능과 폭넓은 활용성으로 CNTFET은 차세대 반도체로 많은 관심을 받아 왔으나 생산 공정이 아직 충분히 성숙되지 않아 상용화에 어려움을 겪어 왔다. 이러한 CNTFET 공정의 불완전성을 극복하고 상용화 가능성을 높이기 위해 본 논문에서는 최근 발표된 CNTFET 공정 내용을 참고하여 CNTFET 부분 밀도 변화에 따른 CNTFET SRAM 성능 변화에 대해 분석하고자 한다. 현존하는 32nm CNTFET HSPICE용 라이브로리 파일을 활용한 HSPICE 회로 시뮬레이션 분석을 통해 SRAM 셀을 구성하는 6개의 트랜지스터 중, CNT 밀도 변화에 대해 성능 변화가 덜 민감한 트랜지스터를 선택하고, 허용되는 CNT 밀도 범위를 제안하였다. 분석 결과, SRAM 내 비트라인에 연결된 2개의 트랜지스터의 CNT 밀도가 6/32nm에서 8/32nm로 변경되더라도 SRAM 성능 편차는 9% 이하인 것으로 나타나고 CNT 밀도가 5/32nm 미만인 경우 SRAM 지연이 약 8배 이상 증가됨을 알 수 있었다.

• 멤브레인
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• 제33권6호
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• pp.269-278
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• 2023

효소 고정화 막 생물반응기(EMBRs)는 폐수 내의 염료를 처리하는 새로운 방법입니다. 이 분야는 효소의 효능과 환경에 대한 높은 저항성 때문에 많은 양의 연구가 진행되었습니다. 효소 자체와 해당 효소의 구조를 모두 포함하는 다양한 방법이 EMBR에 접근할 수 있습니다. 생물반응기 자체는 염료 제거의 필요에 맞게 변형될 수 있습니다. 효소적 생물반응기부터 산화 그래핀 또는 탄소 나노튜브와 같은 나노구조를 사용하는 것까지 다양합니다. 또한 TiO₂와 같은 나노입자는 EMBR을 더욱 향상시키기 위해 사용될 수 있습니다. 폴리머 기반의 막 지지 구조는 또한 효능 증가의 문제에 접근하는 다양한 방법을 포함합니다. 본 바와 같이, 지난 수십 년 동안 EMBR을 사용하는 이 문제에 대한 다양한 접근법이 수행되었습니다. 이 검토는 방법론을 요약하고 EMBR에 대한 다양한 개선 사항을 설명하는 것을 목표로 합니다.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제48권1호
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• pp.1-17
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• 2023

The main goal of this paper is to study vibration of damaged core laminated sectorial plates with Functionally graded (FG) face sheets based on three-dimensional theory of elasticity. The structures are made of a damaged isotropic core and two external face sheets. These skins are strengthened at the nanoscale level by randomly oriented Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and are reinforced at the microscale stage by oriented straight fibers. These reinforcing phases are included in a polymer matrix and a three-phase approach based on the Eshelby-Mori-Tanaka scheme and on the Halpin-Tsai approach, which is developed to compute the overall mechanical properties of the composite material. Three complicated equations of motion for the sectorial plates under consideration are semi-analytically solved by using 2-D differential quadrature method. Using the 2-D differential quadrature method in the r- and z-directions, allows one to deal with sandwich annular sector plate with arbitrary thickness distribution of material properties and also to implement the effects of different boundary conditions of the structure efficiently and in an exact manner. The fast rate of convergence and accuracy of the method are investigated through the different solved examples. The sandwich annular sector plate is assumed to be simply supported in the radial edges while any arbitrary boundary conditions are applied to the other two circular edges including simply supported, clamped and free. Several parametric analyses are carried out to investigate the mechanical behavior of these multi-layered structures depending on the damage features, through-the-thickness distribution and boundary conditions.

• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.382-393
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• 2024

유체 디스펜싱(fluid dispensing) 방식인 Microplotter 시스템은 압전 소자를 통한 초음파 펌핑(pumpin)을 기반으로 유체를 분사한다. 이 기법은 넓은 범위의 점도를 가진 다양한 물질들이 마이크로 사이즈로 프린팅 되는 것을 가능하게 한다. 본 논문에서는 디스펜서 프린팅 기술에 대해 소개하고 장비를 이용한 다양한 공정을 이해 및 응용에 목적을 두고 있다. 또한, 분사 강도, 분사 시 팁의 높이, 분사 속도와 같은 매개변수들을 조절하여 장비의 최적화 방법에 대해 설명하고자 한다. 금속 나노 입자, 탄소나노튜브, DNA, 단백질 등 광범위한 유체와 호환된다는 Microplotter의 장점을 이용함으로써 인쇄전자, 생명공학, 화학공학 등 다양한 분야에서 활용될 것으로 기대된다.