• 한국항해학회지
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.53-70
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• 1990

Much efforts have been made to improve the training education system for last decades. however, it still leaves much room form improving the system. The reason for this is that the have been many changes in given educational conditions, national and international, and that there existed the lack of training facilities on shore and the limits of capacity on the training ship. The existing program adopts a straight-through system of which the course has to be completed at same time, and also forces students to study the course, disregarding their aptitude for sea life. Consequently, the program resulted in frustrating the learning desire of some students and, as a consequence, in deteriorating the quality of the entire training education. This paper aims to develop an efficient training program including curriculla by the literature survey and the teaching and sea experiences on the training ship "HANBADA" and merchant ships, where the authors have been for many years. Compared with the existing one, the new training model suggested in this paper has some advantages as follows : First, the new model adopts multi-state system which consists of various short-term training courses according to each purpose. This system will be helpful for student to find their aptitude for sea life earlier and to understand classes of major subjection shore. Second, the model includes new curriculla which consist of core subjects (for example, navigation, marine operation, marine transportation, watch keeping and nautical English for deck cadets and internal and external combustion engine, auxiliary machinery, electric and electronics and engine maintenance for engine cadets), by incorporating existing 20 subjects in 5 subjects. These curriculla may contribute to embodying the characteristics of training education where the above mentioned subjects must be linked with each other. In order to implement this new training model efficiently and effectively, the following prerequisties must be prepared : $\circled1$ The contents of each subject included in the new model should be systematically developed. $\circled2$ The educational schedule should be adjusted according to the new model.new model.

• 벤처창업연구
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.51-63
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• 2023

본 연구의 목적은 미래역량으로서 기업가정신의 중요성이 높아지고 있는 상황에서 청소년 기업가정신 교육 교사 역량 강화를 위해 TPACK 모델에 근거한 중등 교사 연수 프로그램을 개발·적용하고 이를 토대로 이론적·실천적 시사점을 제공하는 것이다. 이를 위해 ADDIE 모형에 기반하여 분석, 설계, 개발, 실행, 평가의 과정을 거쳐 교사 연수 프로그램을 개발하였으며, 강원지역 중등 교사 22명을 대상으로 연수를 실시하고 효과성 및 타당도를 분석하였다. 첫째, 연수 프로그램 사전-사후에 각각 실시한 기업가정신 교육 TPACK에 대한 대응 표본 t-검정 결과, 모든 하위 요인에 대하여 통계적으로 유의하게 향상된 것을 확인하였다. 둘째, 연수 프로그램 만족도 조사 결과, 전반적인 만족도는 M=4.83으로 높게 나타났다. 셋째, 전문가 3인의 프로그램 타당도 검토 결과, 타당성 M=5.0, 유용성 M=4.7, 보편성 M=5.0으로 높은 타당성을 가지는 것으로 나타났다. 연구결과를 토대로, 기업가정신 교육 확산을 위하여 교사의 TPACK 강화를 위한 기회를 확대하고, 교사의 백워드 설계에 대한 이해와 실천을 촉진하며 기업가정신 교육에 활용될 수 있는 다양한 자원에 대한 접근성을 향상시켜야 함을 시사점으로 제안하였다.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.280-290
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• 2018

본 연구는 의사소통 훈련을 받은 실험집단과 그렇지 않은 대조집단 사이의 의사소통능력, 감성지능, 자존감과 대인관계능력의 차이를 비교하는 비동등성 유사실험 연구이다. 연구대상은 C시 소재의 D대학병원에 근무하는 21명의 간호사를 실험집단으로, 21명의 간호사를 대조집단으로 구성하여 2017년 4월부터 5월까지, 실험집단에게는 의사소통능력, 감성지능, 자존감 및 대인관계능력 향상을 위한 의사소통 훈련 프로그램을 주 1회 2시간씩 총 4회기를 진행하였고, 연구의 효과성 검정을 위하여 사전, 사후 검사를 실시하였다. 자료 분석은 SPSS for Window 23을 이용하여 사전사후검사의 평균과 표준편차, 독립표본 Mann-Whitney의 U검증, 대응표본 Wilcoxon 부호 순위 검증을 실시하였다. 연구결과 실험집단과 훈련을 받지 않은 대조집단에서 의사소통능력(Z=-3.361, p<.05), 감성지능(Z=-2.209, p<.05), 자존감(Z=-1.633, p<.05), 대인관계능력(Z=-2.577, p<.05)으로 나타나, 의사소통훈련 프로그램 후 실험집단의 의사소통능력, 감성지능(EQ), 자존감 및 대인관계능력 점수가 모두 유의하게 증가하였으며, 모든 가설은 지지되었다. 이러한 결과를 볼 때 임상현장에서 간호업무 수행 시 의사소통 훈련프로그램을 활용한다면 의사소통능력, 감성지능(EQ), 자존감 및 대인관계능력의 향상으로 치료적인 의사소통과 효과적인 간호를 제공하여 환자의 만족감을 높이고 간호의 질 향상에도 기여할 것이다.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.172-179
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• 2018

Background: Insufficient training in infection control and occupational health among healthcare workers (HCWs) in countries with high human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and tuberculosis (TB) burdens requires attention. We examined the effectiveness of a 1-year Certificate Program in Occupational Health and Infection Control conducted in Free State Province, South Africa in an international partnership to empower HCWs to become change agents to promote workplace-based HIV and TB prevention. Methods: Questionnaires assessing reactions to the program and Knowledge, Attitudes, Skills, and Practices were collected pre-, mid-, and postprogram. Individual interviews, group project evaluations, and participant observation were also conducted. Quantitative data were analyzed using Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Qualitative data were thematically coded and analyzed using the Kirkpatrick framework. Results: Participants recruited (n = 32) were mostly female (81%) and nurses (56%). Pre-to-post-program mean scores improved in knowledge (+12%, p = 0.002) and skills/practices (+14%, p = 0.002). Preprogram attitude scores were high but did not change. Participants felt empowered and demonstrated attitudinal improvements regarding HIV, TB, infection control, and occupational health. Successful projects were indeed implemented. However, participants encountered considerable difficulties in trying to sustain improvement, due largely to lack of pre-existing knowledge and experience, combined with inadequate staffing and insufficient management support. Conclusion: Training is essential to strengthen HCWs' occupational health and infection control knowledge, attitudes, skills, and practices, and workplace-based training programs such as this can yield impressive results. However, the considerable mentorship resources required for such programs and the substantial infrastructural supports needed for implementation and sustainability of improvements in settings without pre-existing experience in such endeavors should not be underestimated.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.61-81
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• 2003

There can be little dissension that the ultimate goal of all physical therapy interventions with the elderly is to restore or maintain the highest level of function possible for the individual. Whenever physical therapists take on this challenge, they assist elders in maintaining their identities as competent adults. Advancing age is associated with profound changes in body composition, including increased fat mass, decreased fat-free mass(particularly muscle), decreased total body water and decreased bone density. Along with these changes in body compositions, and perhaps as a direct result of them, elderly people have lower energy needs, reduced strength and functional capacity and a greatly increased risk for such diseases as noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and osteoporosis. Resistance training is considered a promising intervention for reversing the loss of muscle function and the deterioration of muscle structure that is associated with advanced age. This reversal is thought to result in improvements in functional abilities and health status in the elderly by increasing muscle mass, strength and power and by increasing bone mineral density. In the past couple of decades, many studies have examined the effects of Resistance training on risk factors for age-related diseases or disabilities. We have explored the positive and negative aspects of older adults' participation in resistance training programs. The benefits to older adults are reported to be increased strength, endurance, muscle capacity, and flexibility; more energy; and improved self-image and confidence. The negative aspects include some pain or stiffness and other nonspecific problems. The positive and negative aspects of resistance training are therefore very similar to those in younger populations. Scientific investigations over the past 10 years have demonstrated that resistance training can be safely and successfully implemented in older populations. Even the frail and very sick elderly can benefit and improve their quality of life. Proper design and progression of a resistance training program for older adults is vital to optimal benefits from resistance exercise. The results of data provided by this research on resistance training for health shows that there is enough existing evidence to conclude that resistance training, particularly when incorporated into a comprehensive fitness program, can offer substantial health benefits which can be obtained by persons of all ages. These benefits, including improvements in functional capacity, translate into an improved quality of life.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.198-201
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• 2012

Purpose: We investigated to evaluate the effectiveness of water-based exercise (WE) program on respiratory functions for children with spastic diplegic cerebral palsy (CP). Methods: Fourteen children with spastic diplegic CP were randomly assigned, to either the experimental group (EG, n=7), or the control group (CG, n=7). Respiratory function was measured by a spirometer, a CardioTouch 3000S ( Bionet, Seoul, Korea) at a chair-sitting posture. Forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume at one second (FEV1), peak expiratory flow (PEF) were measured. The intervention program will last 8 weeks, with three 40 minutes sessions per week (24 training session). The usual care and the addition of a WE program, were compared in the CG and EG, respectively. Results: The EG showed a significant increase in the FVC, FEV1, PEF after training (p<0.05), whereas there was no significant difference in the CP after training. In the EG, FVC increased significantly, compared to the control group (p<0.05), but not FEV and PEF. Conclusion: These findings suggest that WE program have an effect on the respiratory function in children with spastic diplegic CP.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제15권9호
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• pp.1348-1353
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the changes and readjustment capacity in the hematological characteristics of the horse during and after a prolonged training program. One pony and two hot-blooded horses were used in this study. Resting or basal blood parameters were assessed by collecting blood samples of the animals for 1 to 2 months prior to start of the training program. Each animal was subjected to arbitrary exercise for 30 min by an automatic hot trotter and was bled at 0, 15, 30, 45 (15 min of recovery), 60 (30 min of recovery), and 75 min (45 min of recovery) after onset of exercise. All animals were exercised 3 times a week over a fivemonth period. Hematological parameters including average white blood cell counts (WBC, ${\times}$$10^3$/$\mu$l), erythrocyte concentrations (RBC, ${\times}$$10^6$/$\mu$l), hematocrit (HCT, %), mean corpuscular volume (MCV, fl), number of platelets (PLT, ${\times}$$10^4$/$\mu$l), hemoglobin concentration (Hb, g/dl), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH, pg), and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC, g/dl) were analyzed using an automatic cell counter. All animals showed that RBC, WBC, and HCT were significantly (p<0.05) increasing from 7.09, 8.55, and 43.5 to 8.11, 9.67, and 49.5, respectively, during the 30 min of exercise and were back to or lower than the initial basis (resting and 0 min) 30 min after exercise. However, no significant differences were detected in MCV (50.3-51.3 fl), MCH (17.2-17.4 pg), and MCHC (33.7-34.4 g/dl) values (p>0.05) regardless of the training periods. Similar trends were observed after 1, 3, 4, and 5 months of training when compared to the resting state. When these parameters were analyzed by the effect of training periods (month), mean WBC concentrations significantly reduced in the fourth and fifth month after onset of training compared to that in resting condition or the first month of training program (p<0.05). The RBC values elevated at the second month (9.40) and reaching a significantly low level (p<0.001) at the fifth month (8.62) after training compared to the first month of training (7.89). In conclusion, a mild training program enhances blood parameters gradually in both the horse and the pony. Therefore, an optimized training program is beneficial in promoting the endurance performance of the horse.

• 재활간호학회지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.183-191
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• 2003

Purpose: To examine the effect of the solution-focused group counseling program on the nursing students' problem-solving capacity. Methods: The research design was one-group pretest-posttest design in quasi-experimental research. The subjects were 16 sophomore nursing students being in K university located in D city, Korea. The period of this research was from January 9 to February 20, 2002, from January 10 to February 21, 2003. The group counseling program that was developed by Kim, Hyeon Mi (2001) on the basis of the fundamental principles of solution-focused therapy of de Shazer, et al. (1986) and the solution-focused group counseling process proposed by Selekman (1991), LaFountain, et al. (1996) and Metcalf (1998) was used after being modified and complemented for the nursing students. The group counseling was carried out six times for 120 minutes per week. The instruments used for this study were the Problem Solving Inventory developed by Heppner and Petersen (1982) and Scaling question. Collected data were analyzed by paired t-test with SPSS program. Results: 1) Problem solving capacity increased after solution-focused group counseling program, but a significant difference was not revealed(t=0.835, p=0.057). 2) The scores of self-confidence with the problem-solving were significantly increased when it was compared with the 1st and the 6th(t=3.587, p=0.001). Conclusion: It seems that the solution-focused group counseling program should be considered as an effective nursing intervention program for the nursing students by improving self-confidence with the problem-solving. As a results, this study suggests that the specific techniques used in the solution focused therapy should be applied actively in areas of counseling and communication training for the nursing students and nurses.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제33권6호
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• pp.743-752
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• 2003

Purpose: This study was conducted to combine the effects of pulmonary rehabilitation program (PRP) on exercise capacity/tolerance and general health status of COPD patients based on the primary research results examined the effects of PRP, Method: Seventeen studies were selected by the sampling criteria established to include the studies that reported enough statistics necessary to conduct meta-analysis. Result: According to the study results, the most effective indicators for exercise capacity/tolerance were exercise time (such as cycling time or treadmill walking time) and ground walking distance within given time (6 minutes or 12 minutes), whereas effects on such indicators as VE and VO$_2$ were not statistically significant. PRP induced significant effect on patients' general health status, frequently measured by physical, psycho-emotional, and holistic indicators, the enhancement on psycho-emotional dimension resulted from PRP was more prominent than those of the other dimensions. From the results, it was noted that the place where PRP was given and the contents of PRP exercised their influence on the outcome variables. Which body part was trained was also one of the important factors that influence on the patients' perception of dyspnea during exercise as well as on exercise capacity/tolerance. Conclusion: PRP including exercise training significantly improved the exercise capacity and general health status of COPD patients.

• Nutritional Sciences
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.189-195
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• 2005

To assess the effect of pinitol supplementation and strength training for two weeks on the anaerobic capacity during and after exercise, and improvement of glucose metabolism during the recovery period of muscular fatigue with repeated acute bouts of cycling exercise, a total of 24 healthy young men were recruited and randomly and equally divided into three groups; pinitol supplementation group (PSG), placebo group (PLG), and control group (CON). Using a randomized double-blinded design, subjects in PSG were provided pinitol supplement, consumed orally 1.2 g/day, and participated in the resistance exercise program and cycling exercise for two weeks. Subjects in PLG underwent the same protocol as those in PSG but consumed the same amount of placebo. No supplementation and exercise program was given to CON. Before and after the intervention, all subjects were tested for their anaerobic capacities evaluated by Wingate test twice separated by 30 min. During the test, peak anaerobic power (PP), mean anaerobic power, total work, and fatigue index were evaluated During resting and recovery, blood samples were drawn and plasma pinitol, myo-inositol, chiro-inositol, insulin, free fatty acid, glucose, and lactate levels were analyzed After two weeks, PP and relative PP of the second biking were improved from the first biking in PSG only (p<0.05). No changes were found in all other variables of Wingate test in all groups. No statistical differences between groups and pre- and post-intervention were observed in concentrations of pinitol, myo-inositol, and chiro-inositol, but pinitol concentration was higher during recovery compared to the baseline in all groups and testings (p<0.05). Lactate level during recovery was higher than the resting level, but no other blood parameters were significantly changed. In conclusion, two weeks of pinitol supplementation in conjunction with short duration of anaerobic training in healthy young men did not induce any obvious benefits in terms of anaerobic capacity and energy metabolism Individual and/or population susceptibility may be one factor responsible for adopting pinitol supplementation.