• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.11
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• pp.4513-4518
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• 2014

The prevalence of BRCA1 gene mutations in breast cancer differs between diverse ethnic groups. Relatively little information is known about patterns of BRCA1 mutations in early-onset breast cancer in women of Uighur or Han descent, the major ethnic populations of the Xinjiang region in China. The aim of this study was to identify BRCA1 mutations in Uighur and Han patients with early-onset (age <35 years), and sporadic breast cancer for genetic predisposition to breast cancer. For detection of BRCA1 mutations, we used a polymerase chain reaction single-stranded conformation polymorphism approach, followed by direct DNA sequencing in 22 Uighur and 13 Han women with early-onset sporadic breast cancer, and 32 women with benign breast diseases. The prevalence of BRCA1 mutations in this population was 22.9% (8/35) among early-onset sporadic breast cancer cases. Of these, 31.8% (7/22) of Uighur patients and 7.69% (1/13) of Han patients were found to have BRCA1 mutations. In 7 Uighur patients with BRCA1 mutations, there were 11 unique sequence alterations in the BRCA1 gene, including 4 clearly disease-associated mutations on exon 11 and 3 variants of uncertain clinical significance on exon 11, meanwhile 4 neutral variants on intron 20 or 2. None of the 11 BRCA1 mutations identified have been previously reported in the Breast Cancer Information Core database. These findings reflect the prevalence of BRCA1 mutations in Uighur women with early-onset and sporadic breast cancer, which will allow for provision of appropriate genetic counseling and treatment for Uighur patients in the Xinjiang region.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.2165-2168
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• 2014

Background: Today, survival rate of patients with chronic renal failure/hemodialysis has increased so that chronic illnesses are more likely to occur. Cancer is the main cause of morbidity and mortality in such patients. Aim: In this study, physician attitudes were examined about cancer screening in patients with renal failure. Materials and Methods: This study was done by face to face questionnaire in the $27^{th}$ National Nephrology Congress to determine if the physicians dealing with chronic renal failure, hemodialysis or renal transplanted patients, recommend cancer screening or not and the methods of screening for cervix, prostate, breast and colon cancer. Results: One hundred and fifty six physicians were included in the survey. A total of 105 (67%) participants were male and the age of responders was $48{\pm}9$ years. About 29% were specialists in nephrology, 28% internal medicine, and 5% were other areas of expertise. Some 48% of participants were hemodialysis certified general practitioners. Patients were grouped as compensated chronic renal failure, hemodialysis or renal transplanted. Of the 156 responders, 128 (82%) physicians recommended breast cancer screening and the most recommended subgroup was hemodialysis patients (15%). The most preferred methods of screening were combinations of mammography, self breast examination and physicianbreast examination. 112 (72%) physicians recommended cervix cancer screening, and the most preferred method of screening was pap-smear. Colon cancer screening was recommended by 102 (65%) physicians and prostate screening by 109 (70%) physicians. The most preferred methods of screening were fecal occult blood test and PSA plus rectal digital test, respectively. Conclusions: It is not obvious whether cancer screening in renal failure patients is different from the rest of society. There is a variety of screening methods. An answer can be found to these questions as a result of studies by a common follow-up protocol and cooperation of nephrologists and oncologists.

• The Journal of Korean Society for School & Community Health Education
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.1-15
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• 2011

Objectives: We describe the development of a smoking and drinking prevention program for adolescents, using intervention mapping. Methods: The study sample consisted of 1,000 high school second-grade students from 6 high schools in Seoul. The PRECEDE model was applied for the needs assessment. We carried out a social diagnosis by assessing the factors such as the quality of life, happiness level, and satisfaction with school life; an epidemiological diagnosis on the perceived health status, stress levels, and priority of health issues; a behavioral diagnosis on the smoking and drinking rate and the intention to smoke and drink; and an educational diagnosis on knowledge, beliefs, attitudes, self-efficacy, outcome expectations, social norms and life skills. Results: The development process included a needs assessment, identifying factors that influence smoking and drinking among adolescents. Intention, knowledge, perceived norms, perceived benefit, perceived cost, perceived susceptibility, self-efficacy, and life skills were identified as determinants. Three performance objectives were formulated to describe what an individual needs to do in order to avoid smoking and drinking. Subsequently, we constructed an intervention matrix by crossing the performance objectives with the selected determinants. Each cell describes the learning objectives of the smoking and drinking prevention program. The program used methods from the transtheoretical model, such as consciousness raising, outcome expectations, self-reevaluation, self-liberation, counterconditioning, environmental reevaluation, and stimulus control. The program deals with the effects of smoking and drinking, self-improvement, decision making, understanding advertisements, communication skills, social relationships, and assertiveness. Conclusions: By using the process of intervention mapping, the program developer was able to ensure a systematical incorporation of empirical and new data and theories to guide the intervention design. Programs targeting other health-related behavior and other methods or strategies can also be developed using this intervention mapping process.

• Quality Improvement in Health Care
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.28-38
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• 2015

Objectives: The objectives of this research were to develop and evaluate a mobile application for navigation program for cancer patients who might experience some difficulties in obtaining and understanding further schedules, directions due to flooding information at a time and scattered educational materials. Methods: A mobile application was developed an educational mobile app for cancer patients based on a systematic instructional design model called ADDIE (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation) model. The developed application was evaluated by 76 users through a questionnaire of satisfaction. Results: A mobile app contains educational contents for cancer patients, based on their satisfaction, demand and knowledge about cancer education and information services. It contains management of symptoms, management of my schedule, and information about chemotherapy, FAQ, symptoms dangerous enough to contact the hospital, personal history about how to overcome cancer, hospital convenience facilities and education schedule of cancer center. A result of the evaluation of user's satisfaction showed 59.4% responding 'Satisfied' and 27.4% 'Very satisfied'. Conclusion: The personalized information and education contents for cancer patients by using the mobile application was given to cancer patient and then educational outcomes became more effective. The development of the application which persons can use regardless of time and place enables health care providers to acquire the foundation of the patients-oriented educational system. Education satisfaction and knowledge level was increased, after using mobile application.

• The Journal of Korean Society for School & Community Health Education
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.97-112
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• 2011

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to identify upper primary school children's knowledge and attitude about cancer, empathy, and attitudes about child with cancer, and to examine the relations between these variables and factors that influence. Methods: Methods: The participants included 474 fifth and sixth grade students. Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficients, ANOVA and Tukey test with SPSS/WIN 18.0. Results: Mean scores were for knowledge about cancer 6.03 out of a possible 1, attitude about cancer 2.23 out of a possible 5, attitudes about child with cancer 1.11 out of a possible 3, and empathy 3.18 out of a possible 5. There were significant differences in knowledge about cancer according to school grades and parents' interest in health management. Attitude about cancer showed significant differences according to harmony of family life, worries about cancer, school life, academic achievement, school parents' interest in health management and cancer education. Empathy showed significant differences according to school grades, gender, school life, harmony of family life, and parents' interest in health management. Attitudes about child with cancer showed significant differences according to school grades, school life, and parents' interest in health management. Knowledge about cancer and empathy showed a positive correlation with attitudes about child with cancer. Knowledge and attitude about cancer, and empathy showed a significant influence on attitudes about child with cancer. Conclusion: Results of this study indicate that development of an appropriate knowledge and attitudes about cancer, and empathy by late school-aged children should lead to the positive attitudes about child with cancer.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.383-386
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• 2012

Background: Cancer survivors are at increased risk of second cancers. Lymphoproliferative disorders (LPD) are common neoplasms that are primary or subsequent cancers in cases of multiple primary cancer. We here analyzed metachronous or synchronous LPD in multiple primary cancers. Methods: Between 2001 and 2010, LPD were assessed retrospectively in 242 multiple primary cancers patients. Results: Forty nine (20.2%) patients with LPD were detected. Six patients had two LPD where one patient had three LPD. The median age of patients was 60.5 years (range: 28-81). LPD were diagnosed in 29 patients as primary cancer, in 23 patients as second cancer, and in three patients as third cancer in multiple primary cancers. Primary tumor median age was 56 (range: 20-79). Diffuse large B cell lymphoma (n=16), breast cancer (n=9), and lung cancer (n=6) were detected as subsequent cancers. Alklylating agents were used in 19 patients (43.2%) and 20 patients (45.5%) had received radiotherapy for primary cancer treatment. The median follow-up was 70 months (range: 7-284). Second malignancies were detected after a median of 51 months (range: 7-278), and third malignancies with a median of 18 months (range: 6-72). Conclusions: In this study, although breast and lung cancer were the most frequent detected solid cancers in LPD survivors, diffuse large B cell lymphoma was the most frequent detected LPD in multiple primary cancers.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.13
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• pp.5233-5235
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• 2015

Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women in Malaysia. Therefore, it is highly important for the public to be educated on breast cancer and to know the steps to detect it early on. Healthcare providers are in the prime position to provide such education to the public due to their high knowledge regarding health and their roles in healthcare. The present systematic review involved studies conducted in recent years to analyze the knowledge, attitudes and behavior of Malaysian healthcare providers regarding breast cancer, in attempts to obtain an overall picture of how well equipped our healthcare providers are to provide optimal breast cancer education, and to see their perceptions and actual involvement in said education. The systematic review was conducted via a primary search of various databases and journal websites, and a secondary search of references used by eligible studies. Criteria for eligibility included being published from the year 2008 till present, being conducted in Malaysia, and being written in the English language. A total of two studies were eligible for this review. Findings show that Malaysian future and current healthcare providers have moderate knowledge on breast cancer, have a positive towards involvement of breast cancer education, but have poor actual involvement.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.17
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• pp.7425-7430
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• 2015

Colorectal cancer (CRC) incidence and mortality rates have dropped 30% in the US in the last 10 years among adults ages 50 and older due to the widespread uptake of colonoscopy, yet incidences in the Arab countries have been increasing in the past ten years, albeit with lower figures when compared with developed countries. Lifestyle changes, food consumption patterns and obesity have been observed during the past years where the regular consumption of traditional foods is being replaced with more Western-style and ready-made foods. Most high income countries have implemented population based colorectal cancer screening programs, which aid in decreasing the incidence and mortality of cancer, while these are lacking in most of the Arab world countries due to many cultural and religious barriers to CRC screening as well as lack of high education or familiarity. What is needed is health education to modify risky lifestyle, and to increase motives and enhance positive attitudes towards early screening especially amongst high risk groups in addition to policy designed to encourage healthier living.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.79-93
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• 2010

Objectives: This study aims to identify the factors associated with the stages of change in colorectal cancer screening, and develop a model explaining these stages of change by using structural equation modeling analysis. Methods: On the basis of literature review and expert advice, we constructed our hypothetical model that consisted of five theoretical constructs(process of change, pros, cons, self-efficacy, stage of change). In 2009, data was collected from 486 participants aged between 50 and 69. The data were analyzed by SPSS 15.0 and AMOS 6.0. Results: In the case of stage of adoption, the contemplation stage was the most common (37.4%), followed by the action stage (26.5%). In the final model of the stage of change for colorectal cancer screening, there was a direct influence of the process of change ($\gamma$=.562, p<.001), and cons ($\gamma$=.132, p<.01) on the stage of change with the terms of GFI .931, AGFI .904, RMR .038, NFI .930, and NNFI .936. Conclusion: It is necessary to produce and disseminate evidence-based cancer screening information, which can mitigate the negative attitude among the public toward cancer screening. Also, it is essential to provide a safer and more comfortable environment at cancer screening center.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.2983-2988
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• 2016

Recognizing cancer patients' preferences to obtain health information can help improve and reform the methods of communicating and providing proper services and consequently lead to effective patient education. The present cross-sectional study to prioritize the preferences of cancer patients regarding the acquisition of health informationwas conducted on cancer patients referred to hospitals affiliated to Semnan University of Medical Sciences in 2015. An anonymous self-administered questionnaire was developed. In the field of side effects of medications, 50 (46.7%) reported knowing about weight change, in the area of achieving relative health, 62(57.9%) announced awareness about diet, and 45 (42.1%) reported physical complications as a first regarding information needs. In the area of obtaining information, 50 (46.7%) tended to take their information through means outside of the hospital setting. These results can help with design of clinical information systems, as they inform the most relevant and useful coverage designed for cancer patients. Providing useful information through healthcare providers, the media and clinical information systems can act as a major source of social support for cancer patients.