• 대한후두음성언어의학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.26-32
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• 2007

Objective and Background: Laryngeal stroboscope is an useful equipment in evaluation of vocal cord vibration and in early detection of mucosal lesion including invasive cancer of the vocal cord. Recently Lee et al. (2006) developed portable stroboscope using voice as synchronization signal. It has been frequently impaired ability to synchronize the flashes even in normal female. Authors tried to investigate various methods including vibration pick-up, microphone, laryngeal microphone, and contact microphone for development of simple and accurate method like electroglottograph signal. The purpose of this study was to estimate wheher the vibration pick-up is available and is consistent with the signal of EGG. Subjects and Methods: Authors compared the signals between EGG and noncontact method such as voice, contact methods including vibration pick-up, laryngeal microphone, and contact microphone in normal twenty adults (male 10 and female 10). The number of peak in one cycle was compared with the number of the peak in EGG, and the percent of phase difference in the peak was compared with EGG Also, authors tried to investigate which site of vibration pick-up was most effective for synchronization of stobo flashes. Three site including anterior neck below the cricoid cartilage, thyroid ala, and suprahyoid region were analysed. Results: Among various methods for synchronization of strobo flashes, vibration pick-up was most effective method in peak detection. And anterior neck below cricoid cartilage was the most available site of the vibration pick-up. Conclusion: Authors suggest that vibration pick-up is most available and effective method for synchronization of strobo flashes.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권17호
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• pp.7433-7436
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• 2014

Background: Gastric cancer (GC) is the second cause of cancer related death in the world. It may develop by progression from its precancerous condition, called gastric atrophy (GA) due to gastritis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of serum levels of pepsinogens (Pg) and gastrin-17 (G17) as non-invasive methods to discriminate GA or GC (GA/GC) patients. Materials and Methods: Subjects referred to gastrointestinal clinics of Golestan province of Iran during 2010 and 2011 were invited to participate. Serum levels of PgI, PgII and G17 were measured using a GastroPanel kit. Based on the pathological examination of endoscopic biopsy samples, subjects were classified into four groups: normal, non-atrophic gastritis, GA, and GC. Receiver operating curve (ROC) analysis was used to determine cut-off values. Indices of validity were calculated for serum markers. Results: Study groups were normal individuals (n=74), non-atrophic gastritis (n=90), GA (n=31) and GC patients (n=30). The best cut-off points for PgI, PgI/II ratio, G17 and HP were $80{\mu}g/L$, 10, 6 pmol/L, and 20 EIU, respectively. PgI could differentiate GA/GC with high accuracy (AUC=0.83; 95%CI: 0.76-0.89). The accuracy of a combination of PgI and PgI/II ratio for detecting GA/GC was also relatively high (AUC=0.78; 95%CI: 0.70-0.86). Conclusions: Our findings suggested PgI alone as well as a combination of PgI and PgI/II ratio are valid markers to differentiate GA/GC. Therefore, Pgs may be considered in conducting GC screening programs in high-risk areas.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.1917-1923
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• 2016

Background: Lynch Syndrome (LS) is a familial cancer condition caused by germline mutations in DNA mismatch repair genes. Individuals with LS have a greatly increased risk of developing colorectal cancer (CRC) and it is therefore important to identify mutation carriers so they can undergo regular surveillance. Tumor DNA from LS patients characteristically shows microsatellite instability (MSI). Our aim here was to screen young CRC patients for MSI as a first step in the identification of unrecognized cases of LS in the Saudi population. Materials and Methods: Archival tumor tissue was obtained from 284 CRC patients treated at 4 institutes in Dammam and Riyadh between 2006 and 2015 and aged less than 60 years at diagnosis. MSI screening was performed using the BAT-26 microsatellite marker and positive cases confirmed using the pentaplex MSI analysis system. Positive cases were screened for BRAF mutations to exclude sporadic CRC and were evaluated for loss of expression of 4 DNA mismatch repair proteins using immunohistochemistry. Results: MSI was found in 33/284 (11.6%) cases, of which only one showed a BRAF mutation. Saudi MSI cases showed similar instability in the BAT-26 and BAT-25 markers to Australian MSI cases, but significantly lower frequencies of instability in 3 other microsatellite markers. Conclusions: MSI screening of young Saudi CRC patients reveals that approximately 1 in 9 are candidates for LS. Patients with MSI are strongly recommended to undergo genetic counselling and germline mutation testing for LS. Other affected family members can then be identified and offered regular surveillance for early detection of LS-associated cancers.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권10호
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• pp.4429-4434
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• 2015

Background: Public awareness/knowledge on oral and pharyngeal cancer (OPC), potentially malignant disorders (PMODs) and their risk factors is crucial for prevention and early detection of OPC and PMODs. Yet, there are no published data available on the awareness and knowledge of OPC and PMODs among people living in Far North Queensland, Australia. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted as a cross sectional survey. A self-administered questionnaire was designed and consisted of relevant questions to ascertain socio-demographic information, awareness and knowledge of OPC, PMODs and risk factors and questions on participant's exposure to risk factors and dietary history were also included. Survey was carried out at the Dental Clinic of the James Cook University School of Dentistry (JCU Dental), Cairns, Australia. Subjects above the age of 20 years (n=366) were randomly selected during the period from 31st July to 6th September 2013 and questionnaire was distributed to complete while they are waiting for treatment. Data analysis was carried out using SPSS version 21 and the chi -squared test was employed to compare groups. P<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The study revealed that 52.3% of the respondents were aware of the existence of OPC but only 19.0% were aware of PMODs. Of those who were aware of oral cancer, 92% agreed or strongly agreed that smoking is a strong risk factor for OPC. Similarly a relatively high proportion of the respondents agreed or strongly agreed that tobacco chewing (84%), tobacco chewing with areca nut (68%), chewing areca nut alone (51%) and exposure to actinic radiation (71%) as risk factors. However, the results for alcohol intake, age, and HPV infection were found to be relatively poor with proportions 33%, 34%, and 23% respectively. Conclusions: This study revealed an alarming lack of awareness and knowledge of OPC and PMODs.

• 대한핵의학회지
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• 제38권6호
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• pp.492-497
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• 2004

목적: 여성에게 많이 발생되는 유방 종괴의 악성여부의 판단은 매우 중요하다. 기존의 여러 영상진단법으로도 유방 종괴의 악성여부를 구분하기가 어려운 경우가 많아 이에 대한 연구는 매우 많다. 이에 저자들은 유방 종괴의 악성여부를 평가하는데 많이 사용되고 있는 유방촬영술과 Tc-99m MIBI 유방스캔의 유용성을 알아보고, 조직병리 검사소견과의 연관성에 대해서도 함께 비교하여 보았다. 대상 및 방법: 유방종괴를 갖고 있는 여자 환자 총 80명(나이: 24-72세, 평균: 48.4세)을 대상으로 하였다. 모든 환자에서 유방촬영술과 Tc-99m MIBI 유방스캔을 시행하였다. 방사성동위원소 투여 후 10 분째에 조기 영상, 2시간째 지연 영상을 전면상과 양측면상으로 얻었다. 두 명의 숙련된 방사선과 전문의와 핵의학 전문의가 유방 종괴의 악성여부를 판독하였으며, 유방스캔의 정량적인 분석으로 방사능집적을 보이는 경우 각각의 종괴 대 배후방사능비와 배설율을 구하였다. 모든 종괴에서 조직 병리검사를 시행하였다. 각각에서 얻어진 결과치와 조직검사 결과와의 연관성을 chi-square와 상관분석을 이용하여 통계 분석하였다. 결과: 유방촬영술의 원발성 유방암 진단의 예민도, 특이도, 양성예측율, 음성예측율은 각각 87.5%, 56.3%, 75.0%, 75.0%이었다. 유방스캔에서는 총 80 명의 환자 중 45 명의 환자를 악성 종괴에 의한 방사능집적으로 판단하였다. 이중 41 명이 조직 검사에서 악성으로 판정되었고, 4명이 양성으로 판정되었다. 결과적으로 유방스캔의 예민도, 특이도, 양성예측율, 음성예측율은 각각 85.4%, 87.5%, 91.1%, 80.8%로 측정되었고, 유방촬영술 결과와 비교하여 예민도는 낮았으나 특이도, 양성예측율, 음성예측율은 모두 높았다. 양성 종괴의 종괴 대 배후방사능비는 관심영역의 10 분째 평균치에서 $1.409{\pm}0.30$, 2 시간째에서 $1.267{\pm}0.42$이었고, 10 분째 최대치에서 $1.604{\pm}0.42$, 2 시간째 최대치에서 $1.476{\pm}0.50$이었다. 악성 종괴의 종괴 대 배후방사능비는 10 분째 평균치에서 $2.220{\pm}1.07$, 2 시간째 평균치에서 $1.842{\pm}0.75$이었고, 10 분째 최대치에서 $2.993{\pm}1.94$, 2 시간째 최대치에서 $2.480{\pm}1.34$이었다. 10분과 2시간째의 종괴 대 배후방사능비의 양성과 악성의 차이는 모두 통계적으로 유의하였다. 결론: 유방촬영술은 원발성 유방암의 진단 예민도는 높았으나, 유방 종괴의 악성 여부 판정에 있어서는 Tc-99m MIBI를 이용한 유방스캔이 매우 유용하였다. 특히 종괴 대 배후방사능비를 이용할 경우 유방암의 진단율을 더욱 높힐 수 있었다.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제26권5호
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• pp.462-469
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• 2000

Positron Emission Tomography(PET) is a new diagnostic method that can create functional images of the distribution of positron emitting radionuclides, which when administered intravenously in the body, makes possible anatomical and functional analysis by quantity of biochemical and physiological process. After genetic and biochemical changes in initial stage, malignant tumor undergoes functional changes before undergoing anatomical changes. So, early diagnosis of malignant tumors by functional analysis with PET can be achieved, replacing traditional anatomical analysis, such as computed tomography(CT) and magnetic resonance image(MRI), etc. Similarly, PET can identify malignant tumor without confusion with scar and fibrosis in follow up check. In the Korea Cancer Center Hospital(KCCH) from October 1997 to September 1999, clinical study was performed in 79 cases that underwent 89 times PET evaluation with [18F]-Fluorodeoxyglucose for diagnosis of oral and maxillofacial tumors, and the data was analysed by Bayesian $2{\times}2$ Classification Table. The results were as follows : Evaluation for initial diagnosis with FDG-PET (P<0.005) 1. Agreement rate or accuracy rate is 88.9%. 2. Sensitivity is 95.2%, and specificity 66.7%. 3. Positive predictive rate is 90.9%, and negative predictive rate 80.0%. 4. In consideration of tumor stage, diagnostic rate in less than stage II was 90% and in greater than stage III 100%. 5. In consideration of tumor size, diagnostic rate in less than T2 was 92.3% and in greater than T3 100%. After primary treatment, evaluation for follow up check with FDG-PET (P < 0.001) 1. Agreement rate or accuracy rate is 85.4%. 2. Sensitivity is 87.5%, and specificity 82.4%. 3. Positive predictive rate is 87.5%, and negative predictive rate 82.4%. 4. In 24 recurred cases, 6 had distant metastasis, and 5 of them were diagnosed with FDG-PET, resulting in diagnostic rate of FDG-PET of 83.3%. From the above results, Positron Emission Tomography with [18F]- Fluorodeoxyglucose appears to be more sensitive and accurate for detecting the presence of oral and maxillofacial tumors, and has various clinical applications such as early diagnosis of tumor in initial and follow up check and detection of distant metastasis.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.327-340
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• 2024

Purpose: Results of initial endoscopic biopsy of gastric lesions often differ from those of the final pathological diagnosis. We evaluated whether an artificial intelligence-based gastric lesion detection and diagnostic system, ENdoscopy as AI-powered Device Computer Aided Diagnosis for Gastroscopy (ENAD CAD-G), could reduce this discrepancy. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively collected 24,948 endoscopic images of early gastric cancers (EGCs), dysplasia, and benign lesions from 9,892 patients who underwent esophagogastroduodenoscopy between 2011 and 2021. The diagnostic performance of ENAD CAD-G was evaluated using the following real-world datasets: patients referred from community clinics with initial biopsy results of atypia (n=154), participants who underwent endoscopic resection for neoplasms (Internal video set, n=140), and participants who underwent endoscopy for screening or suspicion of gastric neoplasm referred from community clinics (External video set, n=296). Results: ENAD CAD-G classified the referred gastric lesions of atypia into EGC (accuracy, 82.47%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 76.46%-88.47%), dysplasia (88.31%; 83.24%-93.39%), and benign lesions (83.12%; 77.20%-89.03%). In the Internal video set, ENAD CAD-G identified dysplasia and EGC with diagnostic accuracies of 88.57% (95% CI, 83.30%-93.84%) and 91.43% (86.79%-96.07%), respectively, compared with an accuracy of 60.71% (52.62%-68.80%) for the initial biopsy results (P<0.001). In the External video set, ENAD CAD-G classified EGC, dysplasia, and benign lesions with diagnostic accuracies of 87.50% (83.73%-91.27%), 90.54% (87.21%-93.87%), and 88.85% (85.27%-92.44%), respectively. Conclusions: ENAD CAD-G is superior to initial biopsy for the detection and diagnosis of gastric lesions that require endoscopic resection. ENAD CAD-G can assist community endoscopists in identifying gastric lesions that require endoscopic resection.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제46권4호
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• pp.523-532
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• 1999

연구배경: 폐암은 조기진단이 어려운 대표적인 종양이다. 최근 정상세포에서 악성조직으로 진행되는 각각의 과정에 대한 연구가 활발해 지면서 폐암의 발병과 진행에 관계하는 여러 유전자와 염색체의 이상들이 발견되고 있다. 이에 근거하여 폐암 중에서도 객담 세포진검사나 기관지내시경 검사 등으로 진단이 용이하고, 조기진단의 의의가 높은 편평상피 폐암을 대상으로 종양세포와 인접 정상 세포에서의 p53 및 c-erbB2의 발현율과 그 의의를 알아보았다. 대상 및 방법: 1995년 5월부터 1996년 11월까지 15개월 동안 편평상피 폐암으로 진단되어 폐절제술을 받은 25명의 환자를 대상으로 하여, 종양부위 및 그 인접 정상세포에서의 p53과 c-erbB2의 발현 여부를 면역조직화학적 검사법을 이용하여 조사하고 폐암의 병리적 병기 및 환자의 생존기간에 따른 발현율의 차이를 후향적으로 조사하였다. 결 과: 25명의 환자 중에서 병리적 병기 I, II가 각각 5명, IIIA가 8명, IIIB가 4명 및 IV가 3명이었다. 종양조직에서의 p53은 12명(48%), erb-B2는 3명(12%)에서 발현되었다. 인접 정상 기관지세포에서는 erb-B2는 3명(12%)에서 발현되었으나 p53은 한 예에서도 발현되지 않았다. 종양세포에서, 병기 II기 이하인 군 10명과 IIIA기 8명 및 IIIB와 IV기의 7명으로 나눠서 비교한 결과 p53이 발현된 경우는 각각 2예, 4예 및 6예로 병기가 진행될수록 발현율은 유의하게 높아졌다(p=0.009 by test of trend). 그러나 종양세포에서 이들의 발현여부에 따른 생존기간은 차이가 없었다. 결 론: p53은 정상 기관지세포에서는 전례에서 발현되지 않았으나 페종양조직에서는 발현율이 48%로 나왔으며, 발현율은 병기가 진행할수록 높아졌다. 따라서 기관지 생검조직에 p53을 이용한 면역조직화학적검사를 병행할 경우 편평상피세포 폐암의 경우 조기진단이나 병기판정에 도움이 될 것으로 추정되나 더 많은 환자를 대상으로 한 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각된다.

• 대한임상검사과학회지
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• 제49권2호
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• pp.79-87
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• 2017

GenesWell$^{TM}$ BCT는 호르몬 수용체 양성, HER2 음성, 및 pN0 또는 1인 조기 유방암 환자의 10년내 타 장기 전이 재발 위험도를 제시하는 다지표 예후 예측 검사로, 예후에 대한 위험을 BCT Score로 제시한다. 본 연구에서는 GenesWell$^{TM}$ BCT의 분석적 성능을 검사하였다. 조기 유방암 환자의 FFPE 검체로 부터 추출한 RNA를 대상으로 GenesWell$^{TM}$ BCT 수행하여, 12개 유전자의 발현값을 측정하였다. GenesWell$^{TM}$ BCT의 최소검출한계, 공란 한계 및 측정 범위는 단계 희석한 RNA 검체를 사용하여 평가하였으며, 분석적 정밀도 및 특이도 시험은 BCT Score에 따라 저위험군, 고위험군 그리고 경계선 주변으로 나누어진 3개의 RNA 검체를 이용하여 시험하였다. GenesWell$^{TM}$ BCT는 $1ng/{\mu}L$ 미만의 RNA 검체에서 RNA를 측정할 수 있었으며, 다기관에서 수행된 분석적 정밀도 시험에서 반복성 100% 및 재현성 98.3%의 결과를 확인할 수 있었다. 또한, 분석적 특이도 시험을 통해, 간섭 물질이 검체의 재발 위험성 판정에 영향을 미치지 않음을 확인할 수 있었다. 이들 결과는 GenesWell$^{TM}$ BCT가 95% 이상의 항상성을 나타내는 높은 분석적 성능을 가지고 있음을 제시한다.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.211-219
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• 1996

목적 : 상피내암, 초기 침윤성 자궁경부암, 또는 양성 질환으로 자궁적출술 받은 후 침윤성 자궁경부암으로 확인되어 방사선치료를 받은 환자의 치료 결과와 예후를 분석 하고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법 : 1985년 9월부터 1993년 12월까지 수술후 침윤성 자궁암으로 진단되어 방사선치료를 시행한 61명의 환자를 대상으로 후향적 분석을 시행하였다. 수술전 진단은 상피내암이 가장 많았으며 (38명), 초기 침윤성 자궁암 (10명), 자궁근종 (6명)등이었다. 대부분 수술후 2개월 이내에 방사선치료를 시행하였으며 3명은 추적검사중 재발암으로 확인되어 치료하였다. 8명은 강내치료만을, 47명은 외부 방사선치료만을, 그리고 6명은 강내치료와 외부 방사선치료를 같이 시행하였다. 결과 : 5년 생존율 및 무병 생존율은 각각 $83.8\%$, $86.9\%$ 였으며 수술 당시의 육안적 잔존병소가 있었던 경우는 $38.4\%$로 매우 낮았다. 모두 8명의 치료실패가 있었으며 예후인자로는 후향적 병기, 잔존병소 유무, 병리조직유형이 있었다. 결론 : 조기 침윤성 자궁암은 부적절한 수술후에도 방사선치료로 효과가 좋으나 잔존병소가 있는 경우에는 예후가 불량하므로 좀 더 적극적인 치료가 필요하며, 무엇보다도 조기에 정확한 검진과 병기 결정을 시행하여 각 병기에 따른 적절한 치료가 필요하다.