The Usefulness of Mammography and Scintimammography in Differential Diagnosis of Breast Tumor

유방 종괴에서 악성 감별을 위한 유방촬영술과 유방스캔의 유용성 연구

  • Kang, Bong-Joo (Department of Radiology The College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea) ;
  • Chung, Young-An (Department of Radiology The College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea) ;
  • Jung, Hyun-Seok (Department of Radiology The College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea) ;
  • Jung, Jung-Im (Department of Radiology The College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea) ;
  • Yoo, Ie-Ryung (Department of Radiology The College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea) ;
  • Kim, Sung-Hoon (Department of Radiology The College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea) ;
  • Sohn, Hyung-Sun (Department of Radiology The College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea) ;
  • Chung, Soo-Kyo (Department of Radiology The College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea) ;
  • Hahn, Seong-Tai (Department of Radiology The College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea) ;
  • Lee, Jae-Mun (Department of Radiology The College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea)
  • 강봉주 (가톨릭의과대학 성모병원 방사선과학교실) ;
  • 정용안 (가톨릭의과대학 성모병원 방사선과학교실) ;
  • 정현석 (가톨릭의과대학 성모병원 방사선과학교실) ;
  • 정정임 (가톨릭의과대학 성모병원 방사선과학교실) ;
  • 유이령 (가톨릭의과대학 성모병원 방사선과학교실) ;
  • 김성훈 (가톨릭의과대학 성모병원 방사선과학교실) ;
  • 손형선 (가톨릭의과대학 성모병원 방사선과학교실) ;
  • 정수교 (가톨릭의과대학 성모병원 방사선과학교실) ;
  • 한성태 (가톨릭의과대학 성모병원 방사선과학교실) ;
  • 이재문 (가톨릭의과대학 성모병원 방사선과학교실)
  • Published : 2004.12.31

Abstract

Purpose: it is very important to differentiate breast cancer from benign mass. There are many reports to evaluate the differential diagnosis under the several diagnostic tools. We evaluated the usefulness of mammography and Tc-99m MIBI scintimammography in the differential diagnosis of breast mass and correlated with pathologic findings. Materials and Methods: This study included 80 patients (a8e: 24-72, mean: 48.4) who underwent mammography and Tc-99m MIBI scintimammography for breast masses. Scintimammographies (anterior-posterior and lateral projections) were acquired in 10 minutes and 2 hours after intravenous injection of Tc-99m MIBI. four specialists in diagnostic radioloay and nuclear medicine evaluated the findings of breast masses under the mammography and Tc-99m MIBI scintimammography, and calculated the tumor to background (T/B) ratio. The pathologic results were obtained and we statistically analyzed the correlations between pathologic results and imaging findings under the mammography and Tc-99m MIBI scintimammography by chi-square and correlation test. Results: The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of mammography for detection of breast cancer were 87.5%, 56.3%, 75.0%), and 75.0% respectively. 45 cases of 80 patients were suspicious for breast cancer under the Tc-99m MIBI scintimammography. 41 cases of 45 patients were confirmed as breast cancer and the remaining 4 cases were confirmed as benign masses. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of Tc-99m MIBI scintimammography for detection of breast cancer were 85.4%, 87.5%, 91.1%, and 80.8% respectively. The sensitivity of scintimammography was lower than that of mammography for detection of breast cancer, however the specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value were higher. In the benign mass, the mean T/B ratio in 10 minutes was $1.409{\pm}0.30$, and that in 2 hours was $1.267{\pm}0.42$. The maximal T/B ratio of benign mass in 10 minutes was $1.604{\pm}0.42$, and that in 2 hours was $1.476{\pm}0.50$. In the malignant mass, the mean T/B ratio in 10 minutes was $2.220{\pm}1.07$, and that in 2 hours was $1.842{\pm}0.75$. The maximal T/B ratio of malignant mass was $2.993{\pm}1.94$, and that in 2 hours was $2.480{\pm}1.34$. And the T/B ratio under the early and delayed images were meaningful. Conclusion: The scintimammography is useful diagnostic tool to differentiate breast cancer from benign mass, although the sensitivity of mammography for detection of breast mass is high. Especially, the use of the T/B ratio is helpful to diagnose breast cancer.

목적: 여성에게 많이 발생되는 유방 종괴의 악성여부의 판단은 매우 중요하다. 기존의 여러 영상진단법으로도 유방 종괴의 악성여부를 구분하기가 어려운 경우가 많아 이에 대한 연구는 매우 많다. 이에 저자들은 유방 종괴의 악성여부를 평가하는데 많이 사용되고 있는 유방촬영술과 Tc-99m MIBI 유방스캔의 유용성을 알아보고, 조직병리 검사소견과의 연관성에 대해서도 함께 비교하여 보았다. 대상 및 방법: 유방종괴를 갖고 있는 여자 환자 총 80명(나이: 24-72세, 평균: 48.4세)을 대상으로 하였다. 모든 환자에서 유방촬영술과 Tc-99m MIBI 유방스캔을 시행하였다. 방사성동위원소 투여 후 10 분째에 조기 영상, 2시간째 지연 영상을 전면상과 양측면상으로 얻었다. 두 명의 숙련된 방사선과 전문의와 핵의학 전문의가 유방 종괴의 악성여부를 판독하였으며, 유방스캔의 정량적인 분석으로 방사능집적을 보이는 경우 각각의 종괴 대 배후방사능비와 배설율을 구하였다. 모든 종괴에서 조직 병리검사를 시행하였다. 각각에서 얻어진 결과치와 조직검사 결과와의 연관성을 chi-square와 상관분석을 이용하여 통계 분석하였다. 결과: 유방촬영술의 원발성 유방암 진단의 예민도, 특이도, 양성예측율, 음성예측율은 각각 87.5%, 56.3%, 75.0%, 75.0%이었다. 유방스캔에서는 총 80 명의 환자 중 45 명의 환자를 악성 종괴에 의한 방사능집적으로 판단하였다. 이중 41 명이 조직 검사에서 악성으로 판정되었고, 4명이 양성으로 판정되었다. 결과적으로 유방스캔의 예민도, 특이도, 양성예측율, 음성예측율은 각각 85.4%, 87.5%, 91.1%, 80.8%로 측정되었고, 유방촬영술 결과와 비교하여 예민도는 낮았으나 특이도, 양성예측율, 음성예측율은 모두 높았다. 양성 종괴의 종괴 대 배후방사능비는 관심영역의 10 분째 평균치에서 $1.409{\pm}0.30$, 2 시간째에서 $1.267{\pm}0.42$이었고, 10 분째 최대치에서 $1.604{\pm}0.42$, 2 시간째 최대치에서 $1.476{\pm}0.50$이었다. 악성 종괴의 종괴 대 배후방사능비는 10 분째 평균치에서 $2.220{\pm}1.07$, 2 시간째 평균치에서 $1.842{\pm}0.75$이었고, 10 분째 최대치에서 $2.993{\pm}1.94$, 2 시간째 최대치에서 $2.480{\pm}1.34$이었다. 10분과 2시간째의 종괴 대 배후방사능비의 양성과 악성의 차이는 모두 통계적으로 유의하였다. 결론: 유방촬영술은 원발성 유방암의 진단 예민도는 높았으나, 유방 종괴의 악성 여부 판정에 있어서는 Tc-99m MIBI를 이용한 유방스캔이 매우 유용하였다. 특히 종괴 대 배후방사능비를 이용할 경우 유방암의 진단율을 더욱 높힐 수 있었다.

Keywords

References

  1. Tiling R, Khalkhali I, Sommer H, Moser R, Meyer G, Willemsen F, et al. Role of technetium-99m sestamibi scintimammography and contrastenhanced magnetic resonance imaging for the evaluation of indeterminate mammograms. Eur J Nucl Med 1997;24:1221-1229 https://doi.org/10.1007/s002590050145
  2. Bird RE, Wallace TW, Yankaskas BC. Analysis of cancers missed at screening mammography. Radiology 1992;184:613-7
  3. Ortapamuk H, Ozmen MM, Ibis S, Naldoken S, Aksoy F. Role of technetium tetrofosmin scintimammography in the diagnosis of malignant breast masses and axillary lymph node involvement: a comparative study with mammography and histopathology. Eur J Surg 1999;165:1147-1153 https://doi.org/10.1080/110241599750007676
  4. Kim SJ, Kim IJ, Kim YK, Bae YT. Diagnostic role of Tc-99m MIBI scintigraphy in suspected breast cancer patients: results of unicenter trial. Korean J Nucl Med 2000;34:234-242
  5. Hlawatsch A, Teifke A, Schmidt M, Thelen M. Preoperative assessment of breast cancer: sonography versus MR imaging. AJR 2002; 179:1493-1501 https://doi.org/10.2214/ajr.179.6.1791493
  6. Harms SE, Flamig DP. MR imaging of the breast: technical approach and clinical experience. Radiographics 1993;13:905-912 https://doi.org/10.1148/radiographics.13.4.8356276
  7. Cho IH, Won KJ, Lee HW, Lee SJ. Comparison of thallium-201 scan and Tc-99m sestamibi scan in the differential diagnosis of breast mass. Korean J Nucl Med 1999;33:76-83
  8. Park SG, Lee YH, Rhyn JW, YOU SM. Is $^{99m}$Tc-MDP mammoscintigraphy in patients with breast mass lesion? Korean J Nucl Med 1998;32:151-60
  9. Park KH, Kim CG, Yoon KH, Choi SS, Lee JD, Lee KM, et al. Diagnostic usefulness Tc-99m Tetrofosmin scintigraphy in patients with primary breast cnacer. Korean J Nucl Med 1999;33:452-60
  10. Mekhmandarov S, Sandbank J, Cohen M, Lelcuk S, Lubin E. Tc-99m MIBI scintigraphy in palpable and nonpalpable breast lesions. J Nucl Med 1998;39:86-91
  11. Parts E, Aisa F, Abos MD, Villavieja L, Garcia-Lopez F, Asenjo MJ, et al. Mammography and 99mTc-MIBI scintigraphy in suspected breast cancer. J Nucl Med 1999;40:296-301
  12. Wilczek B, Aspelin P, Bone B, Pegerfalk A, Frisell J, Danielsson R. Complementary use of scintigraphy with $^{99m}$Tc-MIBI to triple diagnostic procedure in palpable and non-palpable breast lesions. Acta Radiologica 2003;44:288-293 https://doi.org/10.1080/j.1600-0455.2003.00054.x