• 한국조경학회지
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• 제43권4호
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• pp.87-97
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• 2015

도시이미지 형성 및 지역 경제 활성화를 위해 국가 및 지자체별 야간경관계획 사업이 활발하게 추진되는 추세이지만, 현재까지 야간경관 관련 연구 부족 및 객관적인 평가 방법의 부재로 체계적인 야간경관계획이 이루어지지 않고 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 피조사자들의 눈의 움직임 평가 및 설문조사를 통해 야간경관 특성을 분석하여, 향후 바람직한 야간경관계획에 시사점을 제공하고자 한다. 나아가 아이트래킹 기법(Eye-tracking method)이 경관 평가에 있어 객관적인 평가 방법이 될 수 있는지 검증하고자 하였다. 연구 대상지는 미국 버지니아 공과주립대 캠퍼스이며, 다양한 야간경관 이미지 중 전문가 평가를 통해 대표 야간경관을 선정하였다. 선정된 야간경관 이미지의 특성을 분석하기 위하여 사용된 변수는 선호도, 안전함(두려움), 선명도이며, 눈의 움직임 분석을 위한 변수는 고정 지속시간(fixation duration), 순간적 움직임 지속시간(saccade duration), 주사경로 길이(scan path length), 동공 크기(pupil size)이다. 분석 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 다변량 분산분석(MANOVA)을 통하여 야간경관의 유형에 따라 선호도, 선명도, 안전함(두려움)의 차이가 통계적으로 유의하였으며, 상관관계 분석을 통해 선호도, 안전함, 선명도 사이에 정적인 영향관계가 있음을 도출하였다. 둘째, 야간경관의 유형에 따라 눈의 움직임 변수들(고정 지속시간, 지속시간, 주사경로 길이) 차이가 유의함을 파악하였으며, 상대적으로 오픈된 경관이 폐쇄된 경관보다 눈의 움직임 변수 수치가 낮은 것으로 조사되었다. 셋째, 눈 움직임 강도 지도(Heat map) 비교 분석에서는 피조사자들이 무의식적으로 응시한 강도 지도 결과와 선호되는 구역 및 선명하게 보이는 구역 응시를 지시했던 강도 지도 결과가 유사하게 나타나는 결과를 확인하였다. 이는 사람들이 무의식적으로 야간경관을 응시할 때, 다른 구역에 비하여 주로 선호하고, 선명하게 보이는 구역을 강하게 응시한다는 것을 의미한다. 종합해볼 때, 본 연구에서는 야간경관의 유형에 따라 전체적인 선호도, 선명도, 안전함(두려움) 등의 지각하는 특성 및 눈의 움직임 차이를 검증할 수 있었으며, 나아가 야간경관 구역별 강하게 응시하는 구역과 해당 구역이 의미하는 특성을 파악할 수 있었다. 본 연구 결과는 경관 평가에 있어 아이트래킹 기법 적용하여 환경별 유의미한 차이를 입증했다는 데에 의미하는 바가 크며, 향후 경관 평가에 시사점 제시 및 야간경관의 이용 만족도 향상을 위한 야간경관계획 시 전략적으로 참고할 수 있을 것이다.

• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.401-406
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• 2005

The objective of this field research is to determine consumer's fashion sense and provide helpful information to manufacturers when planning designs and merchandizing strategies. This study's purpose was to observe what was being worn, colors and tones. The method of research was fixed point observation using digital photos. The subjects of the research were female college students, 18-22 years old. The T-shirt has become the representative item for casual and comfortable wear by the female college students. Pants and blue jeans were worn more often than skirts as a lower garment. This shows that the students think about their activities when choosing a lower garment. The majority of these students chose clothing that functioned well for their school activities. Among students that wore skirts about half wore a functional knee length while the other half wore a more fashionable mini-skirt. These students appear to care about both fashion and function. Blue was especially popular, with 70.4% of all lower garments being blue. This effect makes the body look thinner and may be one reason why blue is so popular. White is a popular color as an upper garment. White upper garments are easily matched with any color, while blue upper garments coordinate well with similarly colored blue lower garments. The distribution of upper garment color is significantly influenced by the seasons. Blue jean tones were many and varied, while upper garments were mostly weak tones and bright tones of pale, light and soft.

• 한국정보시스템학회지:정보시스템연구
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.25-49
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• 2010

As companies introduced ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning) systems since the middle of 1990s, the databases of the companies has become centralized and gigantic. The companies are now developing data-mining based applications on those centralized and gigantic databases for knowledge management. Almost of them are using $Pro^*C$/C++, a embedded SQL programming language, and it's because the $Pro^*C$/C++ is independent of platforms and also fast. However, they suffer from difficulties in development and maintenance due to the characteristics of corporate databases which have intrinsically large number of tables and fields. The purpose of this research is to design and implement a methodology which makes it easier to develop and maintain embedded SQL applications based on relational databases. Firstly, this article analyzes the syntax of $Pro^*C$/C++ and addresses the concept of repetition and duplication which causes the difficulties in development and maintenance of corporate information systems. Then, this article suggests a management architecture of source codes and databases in which a preprocessor generates $Pro^*C$/C++ source codes by referring a DB table specification, which would solve the problem of repetition and duplication. Moreover, this article also suggests another architecture of DB administration in which the preprocessor generates DB administration commands by referring the same table specification, which would solve the problem of repetition and duplication again. The preprocessor, named $PrePro^*C$, has been developed under the UNIX command-line prompt environment to preprocess $Pro^*C$/C++ source codes and SQL administration commands, and is under update to be used in another DB interface environment like ODBC and JDBC, too.

• 한국도서관정보학회지
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.55-82
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• 2006

본 연구의 목적은 영어권 주요 국가들인 미국, 영국, 호주 및 캐나다의 대학도서관들이 인식한 고등교육 환경변화와 문제점에 대응하여 국가나 정부 차원에서 마련한 대책 및 발전전략을 분석하는 것이다. 대학도서관들이 공통적으로 직면한 문제들은 대학도서관 예산의 축소와 도서관 역할의 변화, 학술정보자원 가격의 급등과 도서관 구매력의 감소 도서관 콜렉션 속성의 변화, 정보기술의 발전과 정보 기반구조의 요구 등으로 요약할 수 있다. 각 나라의 특성에 따라 다양하고 상이한 발전전략을 갖고 있으나, 대체로 자원공유, 공동목록, 공유저장 시설, 학술정보자원의 공동협상과 구매, 학술 커뮤니케이션의 패러다임 변화의 측면에 노력이 집중되고 있음을 보여준다.

• Journal of Communications and Networks
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• 제3권4호
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• pp.383-395
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• 2001

Recent measurement and simulation studies have revealed that wide area network traffic displays complex statistical characteristics-possibly multifractal scaling-on fine timescales, in addition to the well-known properly of self-similar scaling on coarser timescales. In this paper we investigate the performance and network engineering significance of these fine timescale features using measured TCP anti MPEG2 video traces, queueing simulations and analytical arguments. We demonstrate that the fine timescale features can affect performance substantially at low and intermediate utilizations, while the longer timescale self-similarity is important at intermediate and high utilizations. We relate the fine timescale structure in the measured TCP traces to flow controls, and show that UDP traffic-which is not flow controlled-lacks such fine timescale structure. Likewise we relate the fine timescale structure in video MPEG2 traces to sub-frame encoding. We show that it is possibly to construct a relatively parsimonious multi-fractal cascade model of fine timescale features that matches the queueing performance of both the TCP and video traces. We outline an analytical method ta estimate performance for traffic that is self-similar on coarse timescales and multi-fractal on fine timescales, and show that the engineering problem of setting safe operating points for planning or admission controls can be significantly influenced by fine timescale fluctuations in network traffic. The work reported here can be used to model the relevant characteristics of wide area traffic across a full range of engineering timescales, and can be the basis of more accurate network performance analysis and engineering.

• 대한건축학회논문집:계획계
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• 제34권9호
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• pp.117-128
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• 2018

The United States understood the fostering of pro-U.S. elites in "free world" countries as an important Cold War weapon. From 1954 to 1962, the U.S provided considerable assistance to Seoul National University (SNU) for its postwar rehabilitation and future development in terms of repair and construction of campus buildings, equipment and book purchases, and faculty exchanges. With the aid of this educational assistance project widely known as the Minnesota Project, SNU was reborn with an academic orientation to the U.S., separating itself from the Japanese education that was its origin. This study argues that the Minnesota Project played an important role in crafting SNU's architecture program and the exchange program's recipients as key "knowledge brokers." For individual trainees, experience in the U.S., as opposed to a backwards situation in their homeland, had allowed them to recognize the U.S. as an ideal source of knowledge. Since the Minnesota Project, SNU's Architectural Engineering Department was filled with faculty members who had trained or studied in the U.S., which became a significant distinction of SNU's architecture program in sharp contrast to its counterparts at Hanyang University and Hongik University where most of the faculty members studied in Japan during the Japanese colonial period. As many graduates of SNU had been appointed as faculty members in newly-founded architecture programs in South Korea, a hierarchical diffusion path had emerged in architectural education that led from SNU to other school's architecture programs, with the U.S. at the apex. The legacy of the Minnesota Project extended over the next few decades, in which studying architecture in the U.S. was recognized as a shortcut to success in the field.

• 대한건축학회논문집:계획계
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• 제34권12호
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• pp.13-20
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• 2018

This research is to analyze the public cases of information facilities in terms of central circulations in multi level volumes such as atrium or court which provide visual intervention between different spaces and physical connections such as bridges. Hunt Library design balances the understood pre-existing needs with the University's emerging needs to create a forward-thinking learning environment. While clearly a contemporary structure within a traditional context of the NCSU campus, the Hunt Library provides a positive platform for influencing its surroundings. Both technical and programmatic innovations are celebrated as part of the learning experience and provide a versatile and stimulating environment for students. Public library as open spaces connecting to an interactive social domain over communities can provide variety of learning environments, or technology based labs. There are many cases of the public information spaces with dynamic networks where participants can play their roles in physical space as well as in the intellectual stimulation. In the research, new public projects provide typologies of information spaces with user oriented media. The research is to address a creative transition between the reading space and the experimental links of the integration of state-of-the-art technology is highly visible in the building's design. The user-friendly browsing system that replaces the traditional browsing with the virtual shelves classified and archived by their form, is to reduce the storage space of the public library and it is to allow more space for collaborative learning. In addition to the intelligent robot of information storages, innovative features is the large-scale visualization space that supports team experiments to carry out collaborative online works and therefore the public library's various programs is to provide visitors with more efficient participatory environment.

• 대순사상과 동아시아종교
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.111-132
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• 2022

In the 1920s, a new religion emerged in Tay Ninh Province, Southern Vietnam, under the name Caodaism; also known as the Third Universal Salvation of the Great Dao. It is the result of the typical combination of three main religions (Buddhism, Daoism, and Confucianism). Different ethnic groups populated Tay Ninh, such as Chinese, Khmer, Cham, and Kinh. Additionally, the core principle of Caodaism is known as The Three Religions Returned to the Origin, and it is also expanded as The Five Branches Reunited. The Five Branches are humankind's five ways of self-cultivation: the Way of Humans, the Way of Deities, the Way of Saints, the Way of Immortals, and the Way of Buddhas. Although Caodaism was only founded in 1920, this religion is well known domestically and internationally. This is because Caodaism has a distinctive identity; it is a new religion that advocates a syncretistic combination of essential religious teachings that follow the harmonization and reconciliation between the East and West as well as between the past and present. Moreover, the Tay Ninh Holy See is the most important, first, and largest Cao Dai temple in Vietnam. The temple is located in Tay Ninh Province in southwestern Vietnam. This article aims to introduce the Tay Ninh Holy See as the birthplace of Caodaism and as the largest Cao Dai religious palace, not only in Vietnam but also in other countries that practice Caodaism. A brief overview of Tay Ninh Holy See's origin, history, and planning will be provided. Most importantly, the style of the architecture at the Tay Ninh Holy See will be comprehensively analyzed to shed more light on the meaning of each section and the details of this temple structure.

• 한국ITS학회 논문지
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.70-86
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• 2022

실시간 수요대응형 자율주행 버스는 자율주행 버스와 실시간 수요대응형 버스의 단점을 상쇄시킨 미래교통수단이다. 하지만 버스 기능의 고도화로 실시간 수요대응형 자율주행 버스 도입 시 영향에 관한 정량화된 연구는 활발하지 않은 실정이다. 본 연구에서는 강화학습 기반 실시간 수요대응형 자율주행 버스를 미시적 교통 시뮬레이션에 적용하여 실시간 수요대응형 자율주행 버스의 정량화된 효과평가를 실시하였다. 구체적으로 수요 변화에 따라 실시간 수요대응형 자율주행 버스가 도로 네트워크에 끼치는 영향과 이용자 대기시간을 미시적 시뮬레이션 안에서 구현하였다. 시뮬레이션 대상지로는 한국교통대학교 인근을 선정하였다. 시뮬레이션 결과, 실시간 수요대응형 자율주행 버스는 기존 노선 고정형 버스 대비 이용자 대기시간과 평균제어지체는 감소하였고, 평균통행속도는 증가하였다. 본 연구를 통해 실시간 수요대응형 버스의 도입을 정량적으로 평가하는 것이 기대된다.

• 인간식물환경학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.255-268
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• 2019

Horticultural therapy, as a kind of complementary alternative therapies using nature as a medium, is an intervention method that can be applied to various subjects by utilizing horticultural activities that anyone can enjoy as a leisure activity. This research defined the resilience of individuals as a personal characteristic, and examined differences in the intervention effect of horticultural activities depending on the level of resilience. The results obtained in this study can be utilized in planning a horticultural activity program and setting the purpose and goals of horticultural activity programs. The subjects of this study were divided into the high resilience experimental group (Group A), the low resilience experimental Group (Group C), the high resilience control group (Group B), and the low resilience control group (Group D). The experiment was conducted in the campus of G University from September to November 2017, and the experimental group participated in the program once per week, a total of 10 sessions. The Korean version of the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale, autonomic nervous assessment, and the interpersonal relationship change scale were carried out as pre- and post-assessment. Statistical analysis was performed using a non-parametric test. Group A showed statistically significant positive changes in relaxation of physical tension and stability. In conclusion, those with high resilience showed the higher intervention effects of horticultural activities on physical relaxation and stability than those with low resilience. However, there were some possible limitations in this study. Since the number of subjects was small and subjects were limited to college students, it is impossible to generalize the results of this study. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct follow-up studies to address and overcome these limitations.