• International Journal of Highway Engineering
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.127-138
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• 2008

Vehicles have recently become one of the main factors affecting our quality of life, and the needs of vehicles are still increasing. As a result, the growth of vehicles generate more crashes every year. One main factor for vehicle crashes is uncareful driving behaviors. Especially, drowsy or fatigue driving behaviors explain about 10-20% of the crashes, and they cause serious results because of the delay of response time and the decrease of object-recognition. Therefore, this research conducted real time image processing tests in order to study how cellular phone usages and drowy(or fatigue) drives affect driving behaviors. A vehicle simulator was used for this research, and the faceLAB 4.5 of Seeing Machines for eye image tracking tests using a small camera was installed in the front of the simulator, and normal and drowsy(or fatigue) driving patterns were analyzed.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.116-122
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• 2012

The purpose of this study is to investigate the overall spray behavior characteristics for various injection conditions in a gasoline direct injection(GDI) injector with multi-hole. The spray characteristics, such as the spray penetration, the spray angle, and the injection quantity, were studied through the change of the injection pressure, the ambient pressure, and the energizing duration in a high-pressure chamber with a constant volume. The n-heptane with 99.5% purity was used as the test fuel. In a constant volume chamber, the injected spray was visualized by the spray visualization system, which consisted of the high-speed camera, the metal-halide lamp, the injector control device, and the image analysis system with the image processing program. It was revealed that the injection quantity was mainly affected by the difference between the injection pressure and the ambient pressure. For low injection pressure conditions, the injection quantity was decreased by the increase of the ambient pressure, while it nearly maintained regardless of the ambient pressure at high injection pressure. According to the increase of the ambient pressure in the constant volume chamber, the spray development became slow, consequently, the spray tip penetration decreased, and the spray area increased. In additions, the circular cone area decreased, and the vortex area increased.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.13 no.10
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• pp.19-26
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• 2013

In the Malaysian license plates, alphabets and numerals which are made by plastic, are adhered to a frame as embossing style and occasionally characters in horizontal, vertical directions are aligned with narrow space. So the extraction of character stroke information can be hard in the vehicle images of low illumination intensity. In this paper, Malaysian license plate recognition algorithm for low illumination intensity image is proposed. DoG filtering based character stroke generation method is introduced to derive exact connected components of strokes in the vehicle image of low illumination intensity. After localization of plate by connected component analysis, characters are segmented and recognized. Algorithm is experimented for the 6,046 vehicle images captured in Kuala Lumpur by IR camera without using any special light during day and night. The experimental results show that recognition accuracy of plates is 96.1%.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.83-89
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• 2011

Diesel engines can produce higher fuel efficiency and lower $CO_2$ emission, they are subject to ever more stringent emission regulation. However, there are two major emission concerns fo diesel engines like such as particulate matter (PM) and nitrogen oxides (NOx). Moreover, it is not easy to satisfy the regulations on the emission of NOx and PM, which are getting more strengthened. One of the solutions is to apply the new combustion concept using multistage injection such as HCCI and PCCI. The other solution is to apply after-treatment systems. For example, lean NOx trap catalyst, Urea-SCR and others have various advantages and disadvantages Especially, Urea-SCR system have advantages such as a high conversion efficiency and a wide operation conditions. Hence the key factor to implementation of Urea-SCR technology, good mixing of urea(Ammonia) and gas, reducing Ammonia slip. Urea mixer components are required to facilitate evaporation and mixing because the liquid state of urea poses significant barriers for evaporation, and the distance to mixer is the most critical that affect mixer performance. In this study, to find out the distance from injector to mixer and simulation factor, a laser diagnostics and high speed camera are used to analyze urea injector spray characteristics and to present a distribution of urea solution in transparent manifold In addition, Droplet Uniformity Index is calculated from the acquired images by using image processing method to clarify the distribution of spray.

• International Journal of Aeronautical and Space Sciences
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.581-589
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• 2015

This paper describes a monocular vision-based formation flight technology using two fixed wing unmanned aerial vehicles. To measuring relative position and attitude of a leader aircraft, a monocular camera installed in the front of the follower aircraft captures an image of the leader, and position and attitude are measured from the image using the KLT feature point tracker and POSIT algorithm. To verify the feasibility of this vision processing algorithm, a field test was performed using two light sports aircraft, and our experimental results show that the proposed monocular vision-based measurement algorithm is feasible. Performance verification for the proposed formation flight technology was carried out using the X-Plane flight simulator. The formation flight simulation system consists of two PCs playing the role of leader and follower. When the leader flies by the command of user, the follower aircraft tracks the leader by designed guidance and a PI control law, and all the information about leader was measured using monocular vision. This simulation shows that guidance using relative attitude information tracks the leader aircraft better than not using attitude information. This simulation shows absolute average errors for the relative position as follows: X-axis: 2.88 m, Y-axis: 2.09 m, and Z-axis: 0.44 m.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.341-347
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• 2011

This work studies the performance of an injector for a monopropellant thruster, comparing a conventional and new injector types. The conventional injector consists of 8 nozzles on a convex surface allowing the jet to be diverged. The new injector, we suggested, is an impinging type with nozzle holes on a concave surface. The fuel streams through the nozzle holes are collide at a point on an axial direction, which allow to atomize the liquid streams and to spray more uniformly along circular direction. The performance of the injectors is investigated by using computational fluid dynamics, particle image velocimetry and high speed camera visualization.

• Journal of the Institute of Convergence Signal Processing
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.182-190
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• 2005

In the paper, we propose an intelligent automatic parking assist system. To realize an automatic parking, first, the prospective parking position and the location of a vehicle should be recognized. Second, the system should compute a path which introduces the parking position precisely with avoiding any obstacles. Third, the handle should be controlled so that the vehicle moves through the path. To calculate the location of the vehicle and its surroundings, the system applies the camera image method to transforming input images to the plane map. It also uses the inertial navigation method which recognizes the position and the direction of a moving vehicle by using a kinematic model of the vehicle. To generate a path of the vehicle, the simple path method and the Bezier spline method are tested. The divided arc method which generates multiple paths is also tested. We apply a method which makes the system choose the best path with multiple objective functions. We introduce the virtual road method, as a solution for the problem of mechanical time delay, to have the vehicle followed the designated path.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.7 no.11
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• pp.34-42
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• 2007

In this paper, we propose a staff-line detection and removal algorithm from a music score image obtained by a mobile phone camera. As a preprocessing technique to recognize a music score image, staff-line detection and removal should be efficiently applied to the skewed or curved images. The proposed method detects a staff-line by dividing a staff according to the degree of distortion. The number of division is calculated by dividing a staff repletely until an average of differences of y coordinates in every divided position is smaller than a threshold. Therefore, the number of division can be adaptively estimated according to the degree of the distortion. For an experiment, we make various kinds of images by rotating one from $1^{\circ}\;to\;3^{\circ}$ or curving slightly upward. The results show that the proposed method performed well on the experiment images.

• Journal of Korea Game Society
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.45-51
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• 2012

Current virtual game interfaces cannot comprehend our metaphor, cannot reflect on our natural behavior aspect, cannot make us immerse into a game, and makes a barrier between virtual game space and our real behavior. It is very meaningful issue to use real objects tightly related to human-being's behaviors or reactions for interacting with game applications. Interactive Augmented Reality interfaces may augment users' perception of the real world by adding virtual information to it. We attempted an experiment on camera-based non-marker interface for online TCG application. This experiment uses real TCG cards which are recognized by our two phases Image KeyPoint Extraction/Matching Algorithm. These initiative experiments not only enlarge immersion and reality to the game, but also make real and virtual world seamless.

• Aerospace Engineering and Technology
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.242-250
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• 2004

This paper describes the detection method of wire-like obstacles using millimeter-wave radar system. Passive sensor like CCD camera can be used for the detection of high power electric cables on the hills or mountains and it can give very good quality of obstacle target information. But this system is very limited to use by bad weather condition. The detection capability for different diameters of wire targets using millimeter radar system have been accomplished. To simulate the target on the moving helicopter, rotating targets are used with fixed radar system. In the experiment 11mm, 16mm and 22mm diameter of wires have been detected in single, two and three wires in one position. The detected signal from single wire was very clear on gray level image. Three wires placed very closely together could be recognized in range, cross range image plane. For two and three wires, blur effect due to mutual scattering effect is observed.