• 농업생명과학연구
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• 제45권4호
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• pp.59-63
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• 2011

수령이 오래되거나 보호수에서의 공동 발생은 수세약화, 부분고사, 전체고사 등의 원인이 될 수 있다. 보호수 및 노거수의 보호를 위한 공동의 치료는 폴리우레탄을 사용한 방법이 일반적이다. 그러나 폴리우레탄은 수목의 공동에 직접적인 치료방법이 되지 못할뿐더러 환경오염 물질을 함유하고 있는 단점이 있다. 본 실험은 기존의 폴리우레탄을 사용한 공동치료를 대체할 수 있는 황토와 미생물을 이용하여 친환경적 공동치료방법을 알아보는데 목적이 있다. 느티나무 (Zelkova serrata), 왕벚나무 (Prunus yedoensis), 가시나무 (Quercus myrsinaefolia)에 자연 발생한 공동에 기존 우레탄 시공, 황토처리, 황토 + 미생물1종 (Rhodobacter), 황토 + 미생물2종 (Rhodobacter, bacillus) + 토양입단제의 4처리를 실시하였다. 황토와 미생물2종 (Rhodobacter, bacillus), 토양입단제의 혼용 처리구에서 느티나무의 경우 97%, 왕벚나무는 87%, 가시나무는 73%의 새로운 캘러스 형성을 보여 기존의 폴리우레탄을 이용한 공동 처리보다 더 우수한 결과를 보였다. 그러나 황토 단용처리와 황토 + 미생물1종 (Rhodobacter) 처리구는 폴리우레탄 처리구보다 비슷하거나 더 낮은 캘러스 형성율을 보였다. 이는 황토 및 Rhodobacter와 bacillus, 토양입단제의 혼합처리가 수목의 부패 또는 상처 부위의 치유에 더 효과적인 것으로 판단된다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제17권10호
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• pp.1390-1394
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• 2004

We have achieved efficient transformation system for forage-type tall fescue plants by Agrobacterium tumefaciens. Mature seed-derived embryogenic calli were infected and co-cultivated with each of three A. tumefaciens strains, all of which harbored a standard binary vector pIG121Hm encoding the neomycin phosphotransferase II (NPTII), hygromycin phosphotransferase (HPT) and intron-containing $\beta$-glucuronidase (intron-GUS) genes in the T-DNA region. Transformation efficiency was influenced by the A. tumefaciens strain, addition of the phenolic compound acetosyringone and duration of vacuum treatment. Of the three A. tumefaciens strains tested, EHA101/pIG121Hm was found to be most effective followed by GV3101/pIG121Hm and LBA4404/pIG121Hm for transient GUS expression after 3 days co-cultivation. Inclusion of 100 $\mu$M acetosyringone in both the inoculation and co-cultivation media lead to an improvement in transient GUS expression observed in targeted calli. Vacuum treatment during infection of calli with A. tumefaciens strains increased transformation efficiency. The highest stable transformation efficiency of transgenic plants was obtained when mature seed-derived calli infected with A. tumefaciens EHA101/pIG121Hm in the presence of 100 $\mu$M acetosyringone and vacuum treatment for 30 min. Southern blot analysis indicated integration of the transgene into the genome of tall fescue. The transformation system developed in this study would be useful for Agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation of tall fescue plants with genes of agronomic importance.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.459-463
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• 2006

경제적인 채소류 중 향신료뿐만 아니라 약용으로서 이용 가치가 많은 마늘은 영양번식성 작물로 virus에 감염되어 있으므로, 조직배양에 의하여 마늘의 virus-free한 개체의 생산을 목적으로, 배양부위의 상위에 따른 배양효과의 차이와 호르몬 조성과 당의 농도가 조직배양의 생육 분화에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 또한 신초원기 유도를 위한 배양조건을 검토하였으며, 배양체의 조직학적 관찰을 행하였다. 치상부위 별로 보통엽 중하부조직이 배지조성에는 NAA 0.02 + BAP 1.0 mg/l 첨가배지가 발육과 분화에 다소 양호하였다. Shoot 분화에는 sucrose 40 g 첨가구에서 BAP의 증가에 따라 shoot형성이 다소 양호하였으며 NAA 0.02 + BAP 0.2 mg/l 첨가구에서는 가근이 유도되었다. 액체 회전 배양에서 신초원기라고 판단되는 조직이 유도되었다.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.237-242
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• 2007

Barley anther culture is hard working to plating picking out anther from the glume and demand long time comparing to be short available development stage for effective culture. Also, it has been treatment massive materials due to low plantlet comparing to get desirable plants intensively. Consequently, this experiment was carried out trying to be more high barley anther culture effectively in terms of save plating effort. Plating materials and culture temperature affected anther culture efficiency are among the inoculation tissues or organs such as anthers, spikelets and whole panicles, culture efficiency was higher with spikelets in two-rowed than six-rowed barley due primarily to a lower contamination, and calli were induced within 30 to 50 days. Callus induction and plant regeneration rates were higher in cultures at $25^{\circ}C$ than at $15^{\circ}C$ and $20^{\circ}C$. Days to callus induction were 25 to 50 days at $25^{\circ}C$ and 50 to 60 days at $20^{\circ}C$.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.15-21
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• 2005

세포 주기의 조절에 있어 중요한 역할을 담당하고 있는 cyclin 유전자들을의 발현 양상을 벼에서 유도한 캘러스와 엽신을 이용하여 관찰하였다. 특히 캘러스를 이용한 분석결과 2,4-D와 kinetin이 조합된 배지 러에 7일 동안 암 배양한 후 이를 cytokinin만이 첨가된 배치로 옮겼을 때 A-, B-, C-type cyclin 유전자들의 발현이 더 증가되었다. 또한 벼실생의 각 기관에서 cyclin 유전자의 발현양을 조사한 결과 다른 기관들에 비해 잎에서 A-, B, C-type cyclin 유전자들이 더 많이 발현하였으나 잎에 cytokinin의 종류와 농도를 다르게 처리하여 24시간동안 배양한 결과에서는 zeatin을 제외하고는 cytokinin의 종류와 양이 cyclin 유전자들의 발현에 큰 영향을 미치지 못함을 알 수 있었다. 본 실험에서는 벼 cyclin유전자의 발현과 식물생장조절제 처리와의 상관 관계에 대해서 조사하였다.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.57-65
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• 2005

The $F_1$ hybrid Red Coat is one of the most highly sought after cultivars of tomato in Australia and yields up to 7.5 $\cal{kg/plant}$. An experiment was conducted to de-termine the optimal strength and type of growth medium and sucrose concentration for shoot organogenesis of the Red Coat cultivar using cotyledonary explants. Two basal growth media, viz. MS and Gamborg' s $B_5$ at 0, 1/4, 1/2, full or double strength along with sucrose concentrations of 0, 0.5, 1.5, 3 or $5\%$, were evaluated using 25 replications. The main effects of treatment and their mutual interactions were evaluated for the proportion of explants that produced callus and/or shoots, number of shoots produced per explant, callus diameter and shoot height. The explants failed to produce shoots in the absence of mineral nutrient. Only a small proportion of the explants ($6\%$ with $B_5\;and\;3\%$ with MS) regenerated shoots in the absence of sucrose. Lower sucrose concentrations ($0.5-1.5\%$) along with full strength media were optimal for most of the traits studied. The $B_5$ medium outperformed MS medium for shoot organogenesis. For all the traits examined, significant differences in main effects (P < 0.05) and two-way interactions were detected, but no three-way interactions (medium type $\times$ medium concentration $\times$ sucrose concentration) were observed. Sucrose was found essential for the development of chlorophyll. Chlorophyll content increased with an increase in sucrose concentration up to $3\%$ and decreased at $5\%$ sucrose.

• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.427-431
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• 2006

In vitro high-frequency plant regeneration of Muscari comosum var. plumosum through somatic embryogenesis was obtained via two developmental pathways: direct embryos and multiple shoots regenerated from embryogenic callus. Flower bud with pedicel, receptacle, petal and ovary wall, floral stalk and leaf as explants were cultured in MS medium supplemented with various plant growth regulators. Embryos formed directly from pedicel, receptacle and floral stalk. Depending on explant sources, the optimal medium was MS medium supplemented with 0.2 mg/L IBA and 0.3 mg/L BA, 3.0 mg/L IBA and 3.0 mg/L BA, and MS-free medium for pedicel, receptacle, and floral stalk, respectively. Multiple shoots regenerated from embryogenic cal]i which was initiated from petal, ovary and leaf were observed in MS medium with different concentrations and combinations of hormone. The most suitable medium for each type of explant was 3.0 mg/L IBA and 3.0 mg/L BA(petal and ovary) and 5.0 mg/L IBA and 5.0 mg/L BA (leaf) Furthermore, the combination of 0.1 mg/L 2,4-D and 1.0 mg/L BA was also good for all sources of explants not only for direct embryo formation, but also, for embryogenic callus induction.

• 식물조직배양학회지
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.309-315
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• 2000

Panax ginseng is an important medicinal plant that has been used worldwide for geriatric, tonic, stomachic, and aphrodisiac treatments. Ginsenosides contained in the ginseng root are the main substances having active functions for human body. The price of ginseng is very expensive due to a complex process of cultivation, and the yield of ginseng is limited, which cannot meet the demand of the increasing market. Researchers have applied plant biotechnology to solve the problems but there are still things to be determined towards ginsenoside production by large-scale adventitious root culture. In this experiment, 5 to 20 liter bioreactors were employed to determine optimal conditions for adventitious root culture and ginsenoside production of Panax gineng. Callus was induced from the ginseng root on MS agar medium containing 1.0 mg. $L^{-1}$ 2,4-D and 0.1 mg. $L^{-1}$ kinetin. Then the callus was cultured on MS agar medium supplemented with 2.0 mg. $L^{-1}$ IBA, 0.1 mg. $L^{-1}$ kinetin, and 30 g. $L^{-1}$ to induce adventitious roots. The maximum root growth and ginsenoside production were obtained in 1/2 MS medium. 2.0 mg. $L^{-1}$ naphthalene acetic acid resulted in greater root growth than 2.0 mg $L^{-1}$ indole-3-butyric acid. Ginsenoside content increased with 2.0 mg. $L^{-1}$ benzyl adenin or kinetin. High concentrations of benzyl adenin (above 3.0 mg. $L^{-1}$ ) decreased the adventitious root growth and ginsenoside productivity. N $H_{4}$$^{+}$ inhibited the ginsenoside accumulation, while high concentrations of $K^{+}$, $Mg_{2}$$^{+}$, and $Ca_{2}$$^{+}$ increased it. N $H_{4}$$^{+}$ at 0.5 and 1.0 times of the normal amount in 3/4 SH medium resulted in the greatest biomass increase, but the highest ginsenoside productivity was obtained when N $O_{3}$$^{-}$ was used as the sole nitrogen source in the medium. Most microelements at high concentrations in the medium inhibited the root growth, but high concentrations of MnS $O_4$enhanced the root growth. Root dry weight increased with increasing sucrose concentrations up to 50 g. $L^{-1}$ , but decreased from 70 g $L^{-1}$ Ginsenoside productivity was maximized at the range of 20 to 30 g. $L^{-1}$ sucrose. In the experiment on bioreactor types, cone and balloon types were determined to be favorable for both adventitious root growth and ginsenoside production. Jasmonic acid was effective for increasing ginsenoside contents and Rb group ginsenosides mainly increased. These results could be employed in commercial scale bioreactor cultures of Panax ginseng.x ginseng.

• 식물병연구
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2014

Plant growth is considered the sum of cell proliferation and subsequent elongation of the cells. The continuous proliferation and elongation of plant cells are vital to the production of new organs, which have a significant impact on overall plant growth. Accordingly, the relationship between environmental stimuli, such as temperature, light, wind, and sound waves to plant growth is of great interest in studies of plant development. Sound waves can have negative or positive effects on plant growth. In this review paper we have summarized the relationship between sound waves and plant growth response. Sound waves with specific frequencies and intensities can have positive effects on various plant biological indices including seed germination, root elongation, plant height, callus growth, cell cycling, signaling transduction systems, enzymatic and hormonal activities, and gene expression.

• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.185-193
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• 2002

With Increasing awareness towards environment-friendly and non-toxic pesticide azadirachtin obtained from neon tree (Azadirachta indica) is gaining more and more importance. Its broad-spectrum activity, Peculiar mode of action. eco-friendly and non-toxic action towards beneficial organisms has offered many advantages over chemical pesticides. All currently use commercial formulations based on azadirachtin contains azadirachtin extracted from seeds of naturally grown whole plants which is labour intensive process depending upon many uncontrollable geographical and climatic factors. Plant tissue culture can be a potential process for the pro-duction, offering consistent, stable and controlled supply of this bioactive compound, However the research on tissue culture aspects of production are in preliminary stage and requires culture and process optimization for the development of a commercially viable process. This review states the present status and future challenges of plant tissue culture for azadirachtin production.