• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.35 no.5
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• pp.295-301
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• 2022

The medicines for treating osteoporosis currently in use have minor to severe side effects, and can be financially burdensome. Thus, there is a need for prevention and alternative supplement that is relatively inexpensive, and can be easily consumed daily as an alternative dietary therapy. In this study, bone marrow density of the spine and femur of osteoporosis patients were checked before and after consuming complex composed of calcium and magnesium, considered to be the core of bone mineral content. November 2017-November 2021, patients with T-score of less than -2.5 or -1.0 < T-score < -2.5 with history of fractures or recent fractures were enrolled. The data of 60 patients who orally administered Ionized Cal/Mag^TM Complex were reviewed retrospectively, and it was significantly confirmed that the average value of T-score was up-regulated by 0.5. Additionally, the cumulative dose was observed to have a positive effect, on the improvement of BMD in the 2nd Lumbar and Femur neck. It is expected that better results will be achieved if use of the supplement is continued.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.131-135
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• 1997

Nutritional secondary hyperparathyroidism in a seven-month old male kitten showing signs of paraparesis (ataxia, dragging the pelvic limbs), abdominal distention, aconuresis was diagnosed with clinical signs, radiographs and serum biochemical tests. In radiographs, bones were abnormally radiolucent and cortices were thin. Serum biochemical tests were performed, but had normal values. The treatment was directed at the suspected dietary calcium and phosphorus imbalance. Oral calcium supplement and a commercial cat food were introduced. On clinical evaluation 3 months later, this case showed no clinical signs.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.94-106
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• 1998

Nutrient supplements are often used by athletes as ergogenic aids. This study was done to investigate the use of nutrient supplements, nutritional knowledge and nutrient intakes of athletes. Subjects of this survey consisted of 195 national team athletes. The prevalence of nutrient supplement use among all subjects was 30.3%, and the frequency of use, by decreasing order, was weight lifting, taekwondo and badminton athletes. Sport drinks were the type of nutrition supplement used most frequently and vitamin C was the second one. Major reasons for nutrient supplement use were to improve training performance and to recover from fatigue, to supplement fluid and to control weight. The average score of nutritional knowledge was $19.9\pm{2.5}$ for nutrient supplement users, and $19.8\pm{3.6}$ for nutrient supplement nonusers. Intakes of protein, calcium and niacin of the user were higher than those of the nonuser. This information provided by this study can help sport nutritionists identify nutrient supplement most often consumed by national elite athletes and can aid counselors as they guide athletes towards more healthful nutrition practices.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.240-245
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• 1988

This study was prospectively planned to realize the reduction of calcium ion in serum along with the cardiopulmonary bypass[CPB], to find out the cause of the reduction, and to verify the justification of the classical methods of calcium replacement. Nine patients with various open heart surgeries by CPB in 1987 wee selected at random. Calcium chloride was added as follows:: For each unit of ACD blood transfusion, 600mg of calcium chloride was added. In case of massive transfusion, 600 mg of calcium chloride was injected every 2 or 3 units of transfusion. On occasions such as weaning from CPB, or following defibrillation, or hypotension, weak myocardial contractility of the heart, calcium chloride was needed in an amount of 10 mg / kg. In ICU, calcium chloride was limited to use in low serum level or in emergency use. Total calcium decreased early bypass and progressively increased above the preoperative value during late bypass and three hours thereafter, Ionized calcium increased during late bypass and three hours following. Total and ionized calcium depicted similar patterns of change during open heart surgery. Decrease of the calcium at the early bypass was thought from reduction of total protein and alkalosis during bypass. Meanwhile, increase of both calciums during the end of surgery was presumably attributable to addition of calcium chloride in priming solution, injections of calcium chloride in the process of termination of bypass. We conclude that enough calcium was replaced by the classical methods of calcium supplement.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.727-734
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• 2012

For developing calcium supplement from the harmful marine organism starfish, the physiochemical property of the powdered starfish skeletal plate and the hydrolysis condition of the starfish digestive enzyme were studied. The optimal hydrolysis condition of the starfish digestive enzymes was at $55^{\circ}C$ for 12 h. The bulk densities of the powdered starfish skeletal plates of Asterias amurensis and Asterina pectinifera were $1.1{\pm}0.0$ and $1.2{\pm}0.0g/cm^3$, respectively. As for the median size, the values were 10.738 and $11.799{\mu}m$, respectively. According to the added concentration of sodium polyacrylate, the dispersibility rate of the powdered starfish skeletal plate was shown to be 6h at 0.0%, 3 days at 0.1%, 20 days at 0.2%, and until 30 days at 0.4%. The elementary composition of the powdered starfish skeletal plates from A. amurensis and A. pectinifera mainly consisted of calcium, and it formed 98.95 and 98.52% of the powdered starfish skeletal plates, respectively. The results of the X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis showed that they were present in the form of $CaCO_3$. Based on these results, it is suggested that starfish skeletal plate can be utilized as a functional material for a calcium supplement.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.25-30
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• 2011

We investigated the effect of a lactic acid extract of Sargassum horneri (ExSL) as a calcium supplement on bone formation in 48 female Sprague-Dawley rats for 4 weeks of their growth phase. The rats were divided into four groups based on diet: two calcium-sufficient and two calcium-deficient diets. The normal control group (NC) was fed AIN-93G; the NCS group was fed the same diet containing 1% extract; the calcium-deficient control (DC) diet was based on AIN-93G; and the DCS group received the same calcium-deficient diet plus 1% extract. Bone formation in the rats was evaluated using the wet weight, length, diameter, and bone mineral density (BMD) of the femur. Serum parameters were also examined. The food intake among the groups did not differ significantly (P<0.05). The NCS group gained the most body weight, while the DC group gained much less weight than the other groups. The feeding efficiencies of the groups that received the extract (NCS and DCS) were slightly higher than those of the control groups (NC and DC). The calcium intakes of all groups depended on the amount of calcium in the feed; the NCS and DCS diets contained 12.15 mg more calcium than the NC and DC diets. The calcium absorption was lower in NCS than in DC and DCS, but significantly higher than in NC (P<0.05). The BMDs in the calcium-sufficient groups were not significantly different (P<0.05), while in the calcium-deficient groups the BMD was significantly higher in DCS than in DC (P<0.05). The serum calcium and phosphorus levels in all groups were not associated with markers of bone growth related to the extract. The osteocalcin content and alkaline phosphatase (ALPase) activity were higher in the calcium-deficient groups than in the normal groups (P<0.05). Ultimately, the osteocalcin content and ALPase activity were lower in DCS compared to DC. These results suggest that the addition of ExSL promotes bone formation and calcium absorption in growing rats.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.206-215
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of manganese (Mn) supplementation on bone status and calcium balance in ovariectomized rats according to the calcium intake levels. Total of 50 Sprague Dawley female rats (6 weeks) were divided into 5 groups and bred for 12 weeks: sham operated control group (SACa), OVX Ca deficiency group (OLCa) with Ca deficiency diet (0.1% Ca modified AIN-93N diet), OVX Ca deficiency & Mn supplement group (OLCaMn), OVX adequate Ca group (OACa; 0.5% Ca AIN-93N diet) and OVX adequate Ca & Mn supplement group (OACaMn). BMD (bone mineral density) of the femur was increased by Mn supplementation in OVX adequate Ca group. However, BMDs of spine, femur and tibia were lowered in OLCa compared to the OLCaMn group. Bone strength of tibia in OLCaMn group was significantly lower than OLCa group. Serum ALP (alkaline phosphatase) and CTx (C-telopeptide of collagen cross-links) levels were significantly higher in ovariectomized rats than those in the sham group, but they were not changed by Mn supplementation. Ca retention rate and Ca absorption rate did not differ among the experimental groups. Urinary Ca excretion was increased by Mn supplementation in Ca deficiency rats. In summary, Mn supplementation resulted in positive effects on bone mineral density ovariectomized rats with which intake adequate Ca. However, Mn supplementation on Ca deficiency ovariectomized rats resulted in decrement of BMO and bone strength by increasing Ca excretion. Therefore, it is encouraged to consider calcium intake levels in supplementation of manganese in order to prevent postmenopausal osteoporosis and to keep bone healthy. (KoreanJNutr2008; 41(3): 206~215)

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.2 no.4
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• pp.214-217
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• 2004

This study was carried out to investigate the physiological charateristics of F. pinicola in sawdust media. The optimum temperature in sawdust media was $30^{\circ}C$ in of F. pinicola. The optimum pH was 5 in F. pinicola. Mycelial growth and density of F. pinicola was quite good when birch tree and oak sawdust, respectively were used as cultural substrates. The best mycelial growth in F. pinicola was observed when beer waste was added as supplement on sawdust substrates. The optimum supplement ratios of beer waste and a magnecium sulfate were 20%, and 0.1% respectively. However, optimun supplement ratios of a calcium oxide and a LVD were different as 0.1% in F. pinicola.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.13-22
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• 2008

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to identify the correlation between calcium in soft drinks and enamel remineralization. Method: Six soft drinks were used in this study. These were calcium milk, normal milk, calcium yoghurt, normal yoghurt, calcium orange juice, and orange juice. Enamel specimens which 300- 400Vickers Hardness Number (VHN) were selected. These samples were immersed in each soft drink for 12 hours in an in vitro remineralization model. All specimens were processed for SEM image of the enamel surface. Results were analyzed by SPSS 13.0 package program. Results: Calcium milk was the most influential and normal yoghurt was the least to enamel surface. There was not significant difference according to calcium supplement in milk although the difference of enamel hardness was ${\Delta}f13.4$ in calcium milk, and ${\Delta}f4.7$ in normal milk (P>0.05). Other soft drinks showed a little change about calcium but they were insignificant. Demineralization effect was remarkably observed in calcium yoghurt ($-{\Delta}f269.1$) and this effect was confirmed by SEM images. In conclusion, calcium supplemented soft drinks had little influences to hardness of enamel surface.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.865.2-865.2
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• 1999