• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제33권12호
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• pp.1331-1338
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• 1996

In order to investigate the reaction in the system of fly ash-sulfuric acid-calcium hydroxide the hydrates were produced by the addition of Ca(OH)2 to fly ash activated with sulfuric acid at various temperatures. And then they were characterized by XRD. SEM and TG-DTA. It was found that in the reaction of fly ash with sulfuric acid fly ash was not decomposed but Al2O3 and SiO2 component in it were activated. The addition of calcium hydroxide into this system resulted in the formation of ettringite and calcium silicate hydrate (C-S-H) As the concentration of sulfuric acid and reaction temperature increased the amount of calcium hydroxide decreased fast. At this time gypsum produced by the reaction calcium hydroxide with sulfuric acid was consumed to form ettringite. Accordingly the formation of ettringite increased with calcium hydroxide and reaction time. And it showed faster than the formation of C-S-H.

• 공학논문집
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.223-233
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• 1998

고상반응식을 이용한 석회와 석영과의 수열반응속도 및 반응메카니즘에 관하여 연구하였다. 출발물질로 석영과 수산화칼슘 CaO/$SiO_2$몰비 0.8-1.0로 혼합하고 $180-200^{\circ}C$, 0.5-8시간동안 포화증기압하에서 오토클레이브로 수열반응을 행하였다. 수열반응속도는 총 석회의 양과 총 석영의 양에 대한 미반응 석회의 양과 미반응 석영의 양의 비로 구하였다. 반응속도는 Jander의 식 $[1-(1-\alpha)^{1/3}]^N=Kt$를 이용하여 얻은 결과, 석회의 반응속도는 N=1로서 주로 용해속도에 의해 지배되고 석영의 반응속도는 $N\risingdotseq2$로서 확산에 의해 주로 지배된다. 규산칼슘수화물계의 수열반응속도는 반응물 입자주위에 형성된 생성물층을 통한 물질전달에 의해 율속되는 것으로 추정되고 전체 수열반응의 속도식은 대략 $N=1-2$로서 경계층으로부터 확산에 의해 율속과정으로 전환된다.

• Advances in concrete construction
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• 제4권4호
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• pp.305-317
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• 2016

Porous materials such as concrete could be subjected to aggressive ions transport. Durability of cement paste is extremely depended on water and ions penetration into its interior sections. These ions transport could lead different damages depending on reactivity of ions, their concentrations and diffusion coefficients. In this paper, chloride diffusion process in cement hydrates is simulated at atomistic scale using molecular dynamics. Most important phase of cement hydrates is calcium silicate hydrate (C-S-H). Tobermorite, one of the most famous crystal analogues of C-S-H, is used as substrate in the simulation model. To conduct simulation, a nanopore is considered in the middle of simulation cell to place water molecules and aggressive ions. Different chloride salts are considered in models to find out which one is better for calculation of the transport properties. Diffusion coefficients of water molecules and chloride ions are calculated and validated with existing analytical and experimental works. There are relatively good agreements among simulation outputs and experimental results.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제49권5호
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• pp.442-447
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• 2012

This study investigated on the early hydration and physical characteristics of BFS by pH variation. NaOH solution was used as a pH activator. In the range from pH 12 to pH 14, Experiment was compared the hydration propertied of OPC(Ordinary Portland Cement) and BFS(Blast Furnace BFS) and BFS containing 2 wt% of gypsum. It was found that CAH(Calcium Aluminate Hydrates) phases and CSH(Calcium Silicate Hydrates) phases were formed during the early hydration of BFS, and that CAH phases, CSH phases and ettringites were formed during the early hydration of BFS containing 2 wt% of gypsum. Furthermore, early hydration of BFS and BFS containing 2 wt% of gypsum were faster then OPC at pH 14, and the 1 day compressive strength of BFS increased by approximately 30% compared to OPC, and BFS containing 2 wt% of gypsum also increased by approximately 40% compared to OPC.

• 콘크리트학회논문집
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.265-272
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• 2015

본 연구에서는 매스콘크리트의 높은 수화열을 제어하기 위하여 결정핵 (C-S-H)와 지연제(포도당)를 동시 사용하여 최대 수화온도를 낮추면서, 응결지연효과를 상쇄시키는 방법이 제시되었다. 이를 위하여 시멘트 페이스트의 수화온도를 측정하고, C-S-H와 포도당의 동시 사용이 시멘트 모르타르의 응결시간 및 압축강도에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 실험결과에 따르면. 칼슘실리케이트 수화물과 포도당을 동시 사용할 경우 최대 수화온도를 저감하면서도 최대수화온도에 도달하는 시간을 줄일 수 있음을 확인하였다. 또한 C-S-H와 포도당의 동시 사용은 시멘트 모르타르의 28일 압축강도에는 큰 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 나타나, 이러한 방법이 매스콘크리트의 수화열 조절에 효과적인 대안이 될 수 있음을 알 수 있었다.

• 콘크리트학회논문집
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.639-646
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• 2007

본 연구에서는 환경에 유해한 휘발성 유기화합물 (VOC)을 사용하지 않은 나노합성 세라믹 도장재를 도포한 콘크리트의 내구성 증진 효과를 평가하기 위하여 건조상태 부착강도 실험, 습윤상태 부착강도 실험, SEM 촬영, MIP 분석, 탄산화 촉진 실험, 전기적 촉진법에 의한 염소이온 확산실험, 동결융해에 대한 저항성, 내알칼리 실험 및 내염수성 실험을 실시하여 기존의 표면처리제와 비교 평가하였다. 부착강도 측정 결과 나노합성 세라믹 도장재가 건조상태 및 습윤상태에서 가장 이상적인 결과를 나타내었는데 이는 가수분해와 중축합반응을 통하여 무기질계 세라믹 구조를 형성한 나노합성 세라믹이 콘크리트 내의 C-A-S (calcium silicate aluminate)나 C-S-H (calcium silicate hydrate)와 같은 수화물과의 수소결합을 통해 콘크리트 표면과 일체화되어 나타난 결과로 판단된다. 또한 SEM 및 MIP 분석의 결과를 통해 미세한 공극을 가진 표면 조직을 보여주었다. 그리고 탄산화 및 염소이온 확산 실험과 동결융해 저항성에서 기존의 유기도장재를 능가하는 결과를 보였으며 내알칼리성 및 내염수성 실험에서도 좋은 성능을 나타내었다. 이상의 결과를 통해 기존의 휘발성 유기화합물을 사용하는 유기도장재의 대안으로써 해안 구조물, 하수 처리장 등 콘크리트 구조물의 내구성 향상을 위한 나노합성 세라믹 도장재의 사용이 기대된다.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 1999년도 학회창립 10주년 기념 1999년도 가을 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.85-88
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• 1999

We tested the limestone powder as a filler powder for the effective use of slag cement. Hydration process were investigated by measuring the thermal differential analysis(DTA), compressive strength, XRD patterns, calorimeter of slag cement-limestone powder paste prepared by mixing limestone powder-slag cement. The results obtained in this study, there were no significant difference between the cases of adding up to 5% limestone powder, but the reaction time was accelerated. Also the compressive strength was increased for adding up to 5% limestone powder. The min hydrated paste products were Ca(OH)2 and calcium silicate hydrates. In the case of mixed limestone powder peak appear tricalcium carboaluminate hydrate in the sample of 7 days hydration.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 2005년도 추계 학술발표회 제17권2호
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• pp.773-776
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• 2005

MSWI ash is the residue from waste combustion processes at temperature between $850^{\circ}C\;and\;1000^{\circ}C$. And the main components of MSWI ash are $SiO_2,\;CaO\;and\;Al_2O_3$. The aim of this study is to find a way to useful application of MSWI ash(after treatment) as a structural material and to investigates the hydraulic activity, compressive strength development, composition variation of such chemicallyi-activated MSWI ashes concrete. And it was found that early cement hydration, followed by the breakdown and dissolving of the MSWI-ashes, enhanced the formation of calcium silicate hydrates(C-S-H), The XRD and SEM-EDS results indicate that, both the hydration degree and strength development are closely connected with a curing condition and a chemically-activator. Compressive strengths with values in the 40.5MFa were obtained after curing the activated MSWI ashes with NaOH+water glass at $90^{\circ}C$.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제31권11호
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• pp.1387-1395
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• 1994

Re-hydration properties of heated and ground CaO-SiO2-H2O system were studied under hydrothermal condition in order to examine the possibility of recycling ALC waste as raw materials of ALC. Powder of calcium silicate hydrates and ALC waste without heat treatment did not show further hydration while those of heat-treated at proper temperature showed re-hydration properties under hydrothermal condition. The lath-like shape of initially synthesized tobermorite was gradually turned into small debris during heating and plate-like tobermorite was crystallized during re-hydration of the heated powders. Heated and ground ALC waste could be added to natural raw mix for ALC at the ammount up to 20% with increased compressive strength and up to 30% with slightly decreased compressive strength. The optimum heating temperature of ALC for recycling was about 50$0^{\circ}C$.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.194-200
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• 1994

Pitchstone(Volcanic ejecta) reacts with CaO in hot water and increases its sedimentary volume by forming Ca(OH)2 and calcium silicate hydrates. ALC was prepared from the various gelling and curing conditions using the ratio of pitchstone/CaO was 2(CaO/SiO2 mol ratio=0.81), and then the products, crystalline phases and physical properties of ALC with experimental conditions was investigated. The crystalline phase of tobermorite with laths and plate type and the porosity were increased, the thermal conductivity was decreased with increasing gelling temperature and time. But modulus of rupture has maximum value when gelling time was 2 hrs. Othwrwise the bulk density nearly unchanged with increasing curing temperature, but the modulus of rupture was increased.