• The Korean Journal of Pain
• /
• 제34권1호
• /
• pp.4-18
• /
• 2021

Except for carbamazepine for trigeminal neuralgia, gabapentinoid anticonvulsants have been the standard for the treatment of neuropathic pain. Pregabalin, which followed gabapentin, was developed with the benefit of rapid peak blood concentration and better bioavailability. Mirogabalin besylate (DS-5565, Tarlige®) shows greater sustained analgesia due to a high affinity to, and slow dissociation from, the α2δ-1 subunits in the dorsal root ganglion (DRG). Additionally, it produces a lower level of central nervous system-specific adverse drug reactions (ADRs), due to a low affinity to, and rapid dissociation from, the α2δ-2 subunits in the cerebellum. Maximum plasma concentration is achieved in less than 1 hour, compared to 1 hour for pregabalin and 3 hours for gabapentin. The plasma protein binding is relatively low, at less than 25%. As with all gabapentinoids, it is also largely excreted via the kidneys in an unchanged form, and so the administration dose should also be adjusted according to renal function. The equianalgesic daily dose for 30 mg of mirogabalin is 600 mg of pregabalin and over 1,200 mg of gabapentin. The initial adult dose starts at 5 mg, given orally twice a day, and is gradually increased by 5 mg at an interval of at least a week, to 15 mg. In conclusion, mirogabalin is anticipated to be a novel, safe gabapentinoid anticonvulsant with a greater therapeutic effect for neuropathic pain in the DRG and lower ADRs in the cerebellum.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• 제28권7호
• /
• pp.653-674
• /
• 1995

This study was aimed at comparing the dietary patterns of university female students according to their residence type. As for subjects, one hundred and twenty students of Kongju national university were chosen as a total. They were devided into three groups ; those who live in family home, or university dormitory, or self-boarding house. In this study, intakes of food and nutrient and dietary behaviors of each group were investigated through two-day food records and questionnaire. The result was that mean daily intakes of calcium and iron were lower than RDAs in all groups. According to residence type, subjects of family home and self-boarding seemed to have more serious problem in the nutrients mentioned above considering the proportions of less than 2/3 of RDAs. Especially, iron status was poorer than any other nutrients in the aspects of this proportion and food source. Iron was taken largely from vegetable foods which were recognized as a source of low bioavailability of iron. The average distribution ratios of breakfast, lunch, dinner and snack to total calorie intake was 22, 29, 30 and 19. Thus, it proved that breakfast tended to be more negligent than any other meals, and that snack was an important means to give nutrients for subjects. This meal pattern might be one of the factor for the decrease of the dietary quality. Processed foods were founded to be an important source for providing nutrients. Percentages of calorie, carbohydrate and fat consumed by processed foods to total nutrients. Percentages of calorie, carbohydrate and fat consumed by processed foods to total nutrients intake were 30.6, 29.5 and 46.2. However, other nutrient intakes from processed foods such as vitamin and mineral were small. And processed foods which give nutrients were mainly cereal products like ra myon, bread, and milk and milk products. Consequently, processed foods seemed to be selected as a combinient substitute food which supply calorie to fill their hunger. According to the living type, dormitory students had them more frequently than any other groups. Food habit score was within the category of poor or fair. Particularly, the score of self-boarding students was the lowest of groups(p<0.05). The major dietary problems were small or overating, missing meal and irregular eating. The degree of these problems was a little different among groups(P<0.01). Nineteen kinds of food were consumed per day, and family home and self-boarding students had foods less variously than dormitory students(P<0.05). Proportions of skipping breakfast, lunch and dinner were 20.8, 12.5 and 8.3%. Accordingly, breakfast was missed more often than any other meals. And self-boarding students missed breakfast more often than any other groups. As a conclusion, subjects should take more calcium and iron, and eat diverse foods to improve their nutritional status. And it is also necessary that breakfast should be regarded more importantly, and that processed foods should be taken considering nutritional balance. In view of residence type, subjects of family home or self-boarding had more dietary problems than dormitory subjects. Thus, these results suggest that university female students might have low ability of meal management, and dietary patterns were different by their residence type. Therefore, nutrition education for them should be carried out with respect to dewelling environment.

• Animal Bioscience
• /
• 제36권5호
• /
• pp.740-752
• /
• 2023

Objective: Dietary phytase increases bioavailability of phytate-bound phosphorus (P) in pig nutrition affecting dietary calcium (Ca) to P ratio, intestinal uptake, and systemic utilization of both minerals, which may contribute to improper bone mineralization. We used phytase to assess long-term effects of two dietary available P (aP) levels using a one-phase feeding system on gene expression related to Ca and P homeostasis along the intestinal tract and in the kidney, short-chain fatty acids in stomach, cecum, and colon, serum, and bone parameters in growing gilts and barrows. Methods: Growing pigs (37.9±6.2 kg) had either free access to a diet without (Con; 75 gilts and 69 barrows) or with phytase (650 phytase units; n = 72/diet) for 56 days. Samples of blood, duodenal, jejunal, ileal, cecal, and colonic mucosa and digesta, kidney, and metacarpal bones were collected from 24 pigs (6 gilts and 6 barrows per diet). Results: Phytase decreased daily feed intake and average daily gain, whereas aP intake increased with phytase versus Con diet (p<0.05). Gilts had higher colonic expression of TRPV5, CDH1, CLDN4, ZO1, and OCLN and renal expression of TRPV5 and SLC34A3 compared to barrows (p<0.05). Phytase increased duodenal expression of TRPV5, TRPV6, CALB1, PMCA1b, CDH1, CLDN4, ZO1, and OCLN compared to Con diet (p<0.05). Furthermore, phytase increased expression of SCL34A2 in cecum and of FGF23 and CLDN4 in colon compared to Con diet (p<0.05). Alongside, phytase decreased gastric propionate, cecal valerate, and colonic caproate versus Con diet (p<0.05). Phytase reduced cortical wall thickness and index of metacarpal bones (p<0.05). Conclusion: Gene expression results suggested an intestinal adaptation to increased dietary aP amount by increasing duodenal trans- and paracellular Ca absorption to balance the systemically available Ca and P levels, whereas no adaption of relevant gene expression in kidney occurred. Greater average daily gain in barrows related to higher feed intake.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• 제18권2호
• /
• pp.139-146
• /
• 1985

본 연구는 대두발효식품인 메주나 Tempeh를 식이로서 쥐에서 섭취시킨 후 대두의 발효가 단백질과 무기질의(Ca, Fe, Zn) 생체 이용율에 미치는 영향을 보고저 하였다. 분리대두단백질 삶은콩, 메주 그리고 Tempeh를 단백질 급원으로 하는 식이를 횐 쥐에게 섭취하게 한 후 그에 따른 단백질 효율과 단백질 보유율, 그리고 무기질들의 생체 이용율을 조사하였다. 이상의 실험결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1 ) Casein의 PER을 2.5로 환산한 값을 기준으로 한 C-PER은 ISP군(郡), 삶은콩군(郡), 메주군(郡), Tempeh군(郡)이 각각 1.82, 1.98, 2.11, 2.36이었으며 식이에 따라 유의적인 차이가 없었다(P<0.05). 2) 단백질 보유율은 casein군(郡), ISP군(郡), 삶은콩군(郡),메주군(郡), 그리고 Tempeh군(郡)이 각각 44.44%, 51.83%, 47.67%, 50.90% 그리고 45.97%이었고 식이에 따라 유의적인 차이가 없었다(P<0.005). 3) Ca의 체내 보유율은 caseim군(郡) ISP군(郡), 삶은콩군(郡), 메주군(郡) 그리고 Tempeh군(郡)이 각각 62.26%, 59.22%, 61.59%, 55.78% 그리고 67.09%이었으며 식이에 따른 유의적인 차이가 없었다(P<0.05). Fe의 체내 보유율은 casein군(郡), ISP군(郡), 삶은콩군(郡), 메주군(郡) 그리고 Tempeh군(郡)에서 각각 23.80%, 50.66%, 74.46%, 45.24% 그리고 56.14%이었다. 즉 이들은 식이에 따라 유의적인 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났는데, ISP군(郡)과 삶은콩군(郡), 삶은콩군(君)과 메주군(郡), 삶은콩군(郡)과 Tempeh군(郡) 사이에서 유의적인 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다(P<0.005). Zn의 체내 보유율은 casein군(郡), ISP군(郡), 삶은콩군(郡), 메주군(郡) 그리고 Tempeh군(郡)에서 각각 58.66%, negative, 58.24%, 56.97%, 68.48%로서 이들은 식이에 따라 유의적인 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다(P<0.05). 즉 ISP군(郡)과 삶은콩군(郡), 삶은콩군(君)과 메주군(郡), 삶은콩군(郡)과 Tempeh군(郡) 사이에서는 Zn보유량에 유의적인 차이가 있었다. 4) 골격에서 무기질 함량을 비교해 본 결과 Casein군(郡), ISP군(郡), 삶은콩군(郡), 메주군(郡) 그리고 Tempeh군(郡)에서는 각 Ca, Fe, Zn별로 유의적인 차이가 나타나지 않았다. 이 실험에서 나타낸 바와 같이 발효에 의해 PER이나 단백질 보유율은 크게 영향을 받지 않았으나 미량원소인 Zn의 이용율은 발효에 의해 체내 이용도가 높아질 수 있음이 나타났다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
• /
• 제40권12호
• /
• pp.1720-1725
• /
• 2011

본 연구에서는 아스파르트산, 탄산칼슘 및 황산철을 반응시켜 아스파르트산 킬레이트 철분(aspartic acid chelated iron, Asp-Fe)을 제조하고 Asp-Fe의 철분결핍 쥐(iron-deficient rat, ID)에서의 생물학적 유용성을 확인하였다. 시험군은 철분이 함유된 식이를 섭취한 정상군(NC), 철분 결핍식이를 1개월간 투여하여 철분 결핍 상태를 유도한 쥐(ID)에 생리식염수를 공급한 결핍 대조군(ID+C), 철분 결핍 쥐에 햄철(heme-Fe) 투여군(ID+heme-Fe) 및 Asp-Fe 투여군(ID+Asp-Fe)으로 나누어 실시하였다. 그 결과 식이섭취량, 장기무게, 체중증가 정도에서 각 군에 따른 차이가 없는 것으로 나타났다. 7일간 투여 후 혈액 중 철분의 함량을 측정한 결과 결핍쥐에 Asp-Fe 투여군(175.2 ${\mu}g$/dL)과 heme-Fe 투여군(140.8 ${\mu}g$/dL)은 결핍 대조군(96.1 ${\mu}g$/dL)보다 유의적인 수준으로 증가하였다. 총 철분 결합능(total iron binding capacity, TIBC)를 측정한 결과 Asp-Fe 투여군(735.4 ${\mu}g$/dL)은 결핍 대조군(841.9 ${\mu}g$/dL)보다 유의적 수준으로 정상화되었다. 헤마토크리트(HCT) 수치를 측정한 결과에서 Asp-Fe 및 heme-Fe 모두 결핍 대조군보다 증가하는 경향은 보였지만 유의적인 차이는 없었다. 흡수율에서는 heme-Fe의 경우 21.3%인 반면에 Asp-Fe의 경우 50.2%로 약 2.3배 높은 것으로 나타났으며, 혈청에서의 철분농도 및 transferrin saturation(TS)는 heme-Fe 투여군 및 결핍 대조군에 비하여 Asp-Fe 투여군이 유의하게 높은 수준을 유지하였다. 이상의 결과로 미루어 볼 때 아미노산 킬레이트 철분은 heme-Fe과 유사한 수준의 생체 이용율을 가지고 있으며, 철분 결핍을 회복시키는데 매우 효과적인 보충제로서 이용될 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국가금학회지
• /
• 제24권4호
• /
• pp.193-198
• /
• 1997

부화부산물을 사료화하는데 필요한 기초자료를 얻기 위하여 가압열처리한 육계 초생추와 난용계 수평아리 , 육계 사롱란 및 난용계 사롱란 등 4가지 부화부산물 사료의 화학적 조성과 생물학적 이용성을 조사하였다. 조지방함량은 모든 부산물사료에서 큰 차이가 없었으나, 조단백질함량은 초생추 부산물구들이 60.27∼62.59％로 사롱란구들의 39.24∼40.09％ 보다 높았으며, 조회분은 반대로 사롱란구들이 29.18∼34.49％로 초생추 부산물구들의 6.50∼6.71％ 보다 높았다. Ca 과 Mg 함량은 사롱란구들이 초생추 부산물구들 보다 높았다. P 함량은 초생추구들이 사롱란구보다 높은 경향이었으며, K Na Zn 함량은 초생추와 사롱란에서 모두 난용계가 육용계보다 높은 경향이었으나 P은 육용계가 난용계보다 높은 경향이었다. 아미노산의 총량은 초생추구들이 54.I5∼56.20％로 사롱란구들의 29.16∼31.45％ 보다 높았으며, 초생추와 사롱란에서 모두 난용계가 육계보다 높은 경향이었다. 아미노산이용율은 전반적으로 초생추구들이 사롱란구들 보다 높았으며, 초생추와 사롱란에서 모두 육용계가 난용계보다 높은 경향이었다. ME가는 전반적으로 초생추구들이 사롱란구들 보다 높게 측정되었다. 결론적으로 난용계 수평아리는 고단백질-고에너지 사료자원으로, 난용계 및 육계 사롱은 고단백질-고칼슘 사료자원으로 이용될수 있을 것으로 생각된다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• 제16권4호
• /
• pp.281-286
• /
• 1983

본 연구에서는 tempeh제조 과정중의 phytic acid함량 변화를 측정하였고 그에 따른 단백질, 무기질과의 상호작용을 조사하였다. 또한 한국인의 기호에 맞는 대두 발효식품의 소개를 목적으로 tenpeh의 수응도도 아울러 조사하였다. 이상의 실험결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1 ) Tempeh제조시 회수율은 75.28 %였다. 2) 날콩, 삶은 콩, teulpeh의 총 인 함량은 $718.60{\sim}744.2mg%$로 각 시료간에는 유의적인 차이가 없었다. 그러나 phytic acid p 함량은 날콩에 539.38 mg%, 삶은 콩에 462.28 mg%, tempeh에 348.64 mg%로 열처리나 발효에 의해 phytic acid p 함량이 유의적으로 낮아짐을 보였고 열처리보다는 발효에 의해 phytic acid p가 유의적으로 감소됨을 나타냈다. 3 ) 총 단백질 함량은 날콩과 tenlpeh간에 유의적인 차이가 없었고 Ultrafiltration한 후 보유된 단백질 함량에는 약간의 차이가 있었으나 통계적 유의성은 없었다. 단백질 g당 phytic acid mg양을 산출한 결과 Ultrafiltration한 후 retentate내의 phytic acid/protein ratio는 날콩에서 14.66 , tempeh에서 7.80으로 유의적인 차이를 보였다. 4 ) Ca의 함량은 날콩과 tempeh에서는 유의적인 차이가 없으나 Ultrafiltration한 후 retentate의 Ca보유율은 tenlpeh에서 유의적으로 낮았다. Zn의 함량도 날콩과 tempeh에서 유의적인 차이가 없었고 Ultrafiltradon한 후 retentate 내 Zn보유율은 tempeh에서 유의적으로 낮았다. 5) 관능검사 결과는 마늘을 첨가한 것이 냄새, general desirability 및 전체적 점수에서 유의적으로 높게 평가되었다. 그러나 두 시료 모두 색깔, 외관, 풍미, 질감, 냄새 및 general desirability에서 3.31이상의 좋은 평가를 받았으므로 tempeh가 새로운 식품으로 소개될때 별 저항없이 받아들여질 것으로 사료된다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• 제24권10호
• /
• pp.1413-1420
• /
• 2014

Phytate is an antinutritional factor that impacts the bioavailability of essential minerals such as $Ca^{2+}$, $Mg^{2+}$, $Mn^{2+}$, $Zn^{2+}$, and $Fe^{2+}$ by forming insoluble mineral-phytate salts. These insoluble mineral-phytate salts are hydrolyzed rarely by monogastric animals, because they lack the hydrolyzing phytases and thus excrete the majority of them. The ${\beta}$-propeller phytases (BPPs) hydrolyze these insoluble mineral-phytate salts efficiently. In this study, we cloned a novel BPP gene from a marine Pseudomonas sp. This Pseudomonas BPP gene (PsBPP) had low sequence identity with other known phytases and contained an extra internal repeat domain (residues 24-279) and a typical BPP domain (residues 280-634) at the C-terminus. Structure-based sequence alignment suggested that the N-terminal repeat domain did not possess the active-site residues, whereas the C-terminal BPP domain contained multiple calcium-binding sites, which provide a favorable electrostatic environment for substrate binding and catalytic activity. Thus, we overexpressed the BPP domain from Pseudomonas sp. to potentially hydrolyze insoluble mineral-phytate salts. Purified recombinant PsBPP required $Ca^{2+}$ or $Fe^{2+}$ for phytase activity, indicating that PsBPP hydrolyzes insoluble $Fe^{2+}$-phytate or $Ca^{2+}$-phytate salts. The optimal temperature and pH for the hydrolysis of $Ca^{2+}$-phytate by PsBPP were $50^{\circ}C$ and 6.0, respectively. Biochemical and kinetic studies clearly showed that PsBPP efficiently hydrolyzed $Ca^{2+}$-phytate salts and yielded myo-inositol 2,4,6-trisphosphate and three phosphate groups as final products. Finally, we showed that PsBPP was highly effective for hydrolyzing rice bran with high phytate content. Taken together, our results suggest that PsBPP has great potential in the animal feed industry for reducing phytates.

• 대한영양사협회학술지
• /
• 제12권1호
• /
• pp.55-67
• /
• 2006

The purpose of this study was to compare the food behavior and nutrient intakes, and the analysis of constituent parts of blood related to iron nutrition conditions and to investigate the correlation between iron nutrition conditions and obesity. Each subject was assigned to one of such as normal(n=55) and obese groups(n=60) according to their obesity index. Their nutritional status, serum iron status were evaluated based in 24-hr dietary recalls, questionnaire and blood analysis. The mean age of the normal group(10.76 years) and that of the obese group(10.95 years) made little difference. The height(p<0.05), weight(p<0.001), and obesity index(p<0.001) in the obese group were higher than those of the normal group in every respect. The 63.55% of the subject of this study gave an answer 'They eat breakfast daily', and the frequency of eating breakfast made little difference. The average intakes of energy were 1669.44 kcal(84.19% of EER) in the obese group and 1673.59 kcal(86.72% of EER) in the normal group respectively, which made little difference between two groups. The intake of nutrients such as calcium and folate was as insufficient as below 75% of RI. The heme iron intake of the obese group was low that of the normal group(p<0.05). Among the major 20 iron resources the iron intake through animal food intake were 1.43 mg(12.00%) in the obese group and 1.93 mg(17.72%) in the normal group respectively. The rating of iron condition in the blood showed that the number of red blood cell(p<0.01), the hemoglobin(p<0.001), and hematocrit(p<0.01) of the obese group were lower than those of the normal group. These results suggest that there should be the right choice of food according to its bioavailability and nutritive guidance to appropriate food behavior, in addition to increasing iron intake to improve iron nutrition conditions of obese male elementary school students.