• 대한물리의학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.17-22
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• 2021

PURPOSE: This study examined the correlations between gait, static balance, and pelvic inclination in patients with chronic stroke. METHODS: Twenty-two chronic stroke patients were included in this study. The subjects participated in gait, static balance, and pelvic inclination tests. In the gait measurement, the cadence and gait velocity were measured, and the average of three trials was calculated and recorded. The static balance was measured using a force platform. The data was captured for ten seconds, and five successful trials were recorded. Pelvic inclination in the sagittal plane was measured using a palpation meter. For data processing, a KolmogorovSmirnov test was used to determine the type of distribution for all variables. Pearson's correlation coefficient was used for correlation analysis. The correlations among the gait, static balance, and pelvic inclination was calculated. The level of significance was .05. RESULTS: Significant negative correlations were observed between the gait variables (cadence, velocity) and static balance variables (COP path length, COP average velocity, and 95% confidence ellipse area) (p < .05). On the other hand, there was no significant correlation between pelvic inclination and gait or between the pelvic inclination and static balance variables. CONCLUSION: Significant correlations were observed between the gait function and static balance. On the other hand, there were no significant correlations between the pelvic inclination and gait and static balance. These results suggest that the pelvic inclination is not an important consideration for increasing the gait function and static balance.

• 전기전자학회논문지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.201-205
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• 2021

본 논문에서는 push-pull 감지 회로 구조로 인해 load transient 특성을 개선시킨 LDO를 제안하였다. LDO 레귤레이터 패스 트랜지스터의 입력단과 내부 오차증폭기의 출력단 사이에 제안된 push-pull 감지 회로 구조로 인한 전압 델타 값의 응답 특성을 개선시켜 종래의 LDO 레귤레이터보다 load transient 특성에서 우수한 효과를 가진다. 기존의 LDO 레귤레이터보다 rising time에서는 약 244 ns, falling time에서는 약 90 ns 만큼의 향상된 응답속도를 가진다. 제안된 회로는 Cadence사의 Spectre, Virtuoso 시뮬레이션 tool을 사용하여 samsung 0.13um 공정으로 특성 및 결과를 시뮬레이션 하였다.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.98-103
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• 2022

Purpose: New therapeutic approaches have emerged to improve gait ability in patients with brain damage, such as action observation learning (AOT), auditory cueing, motor imagery etc. We attempted to investigate the effects of AOT with auditory cueing (AOTAC) on gait function in patients with stroke. Methods: The eighteen stroke patients with a unilateral hemiparesis were randomly divided into three groups; the AOTAC, AOT, and control groups. The AOTAC group (n=8) received training via observing a video that showed normal gait with sound of footsteps as an auditory cue; the AOT group (n=6) receive action observation without auditory stimulation; the control group (n=5) observed the landscape video image. Intervention time of three groups was 30 minutes per day, five times a week, for four weeks. Gait parameters, such as cadence, velocity, stride length, stance phase, and swing phase were collected in all patients before and after each training session. Results: Significant differences were observed among the three groups with respect to the parameters, such as cadence, velocity, stride length, and stance/swing phase. Post-hoc analysis indicated that the AOTAC group had a greater significant change in all of parameters, compared with the AOT and control groups. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that AOTAC may be an effective therapeutic approach to improve gait symmetry and function in patients with stroke. We believe that this effect is attributable to the change of cortical excitability on motor related to cortical areas.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.155-160
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• 2023

Objective: The purpose of this study is to confirm a comparison of bag weight and applied location change on plantar pressure and gait parameters (stride time, stride length, cadence) of the 20s students. Design: One group cross-sectional design Methods: The subjects were measured in each condition. Each condition was no carrying a bag, carrying a 3kg bag, and a 6kg bag on the right shoulder, and walked on the gait analyzer. After the location of the bag was changed, measured when a 3kg backpack and a 6kg backpack was each carried on the back while walking. Results: There was a statistically significant difference in plantar pressure according to bag weight when carried on the right shoulder (p<0.05). As a result of the post-hoc analysis, carrying a 6kg bag was a significant difference between no carrying a bag and carrying a 3kg bag (p<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in changes in stride time, stride length, and cadence. There was no statistically significant difference in plantar pressure and gait parameters according to backpack weight. Conclusions: As a result of this study, it is thought that it will be possible to present a method for the application of the correct bag on location and weight in 20s students, and to prevent and reduce muscle musculoskeletal system diseases caused by incorrect bag wearing.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제103권3호
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• pp.503-509
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• 2014

이 연구는 노인들을 대상으로 산림 걷기 운동이 어떻게 기능적 체력과 보행형태에 영향을 미치는지를 규명하고자 하는데 목적이었다. 본 연구를 위하여 37명의 노인들이 참여하였으며 산림 걷기 운동 집단(n=19, $66.34{\pm}4.31$세)과 실내 트레드밀 걷기 운동 집단(n=18, $67.18{\pm}2.78$세)으로 구분되어, 12주간 주에 3회 80분 씩 각각 산림 걷기 운동과 실내 트레드밀 걷기 운동에 참여하였다. 기능적 체력(근력, 지구력, 유연성, 민첩성/평형성, BMI)과 보행형태(보행박자, 보행속도, 보행안정성) 검사는 12 주간 프로그램 전과 후에 측정되었다. 자료 분석을 위하여 평균과 표준편차가 이용되었으며, 독립 t-test와 반복 이원변량분석이 이용되었다. 그 결과, 12주간의 산림 걷기 운동을 실시한 집단이 실내에서 트레드밀 걷기 운동한 집단보다 하지 근력, 허리 유연성, 민첩성/동적 평형성, 그리고 심폐지구력에서 더 크게 향상을 보였다. 그러나 상지 근력, 견관절 유연성, BMI에서는 두집단 모두 똑같은 향상을 보였다. 둘째, 12주간의 산림 걷기 운동을 실시한 집단이 실내에서 트레드밀 걷기 운동한 집단보다 보행박자, 보행속도, 보행안정성에서 더 유의한 향상을 보였다. 따라서 본 연구는 감각-운동신경의 기능적 통합에 기초한 산림 걷기 운동이 노인들의 기능적 체력과 보행형태를 효율적으로 향상시키고, 나아가서 생활을 더 역동적으로 만들며, 낙상을 예방하는 효과적인 운동방법이 될 수 있음을 제안한다.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.2012-2019
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• 2015

본 연구의 목적은 세 가지 가방 휴대 방법에 따라 세 가지 가방의 무게를 달리하여 보행하는 동안 신체의 압력중심점의 변위와 보행률의 변화를 분석하고자 2013년 6월 3일부터 2014년 1월 20일까지 시행하였다. 38명의 건강한 성인(평균 연령: $26.10{\pm}5.32$세, 연령 범위: 22-30세)이 본 연구에 참여하였다. 첫 번째 조건은 한쪽 어깨에 가방을 메고 보행하였고, 두 번째 조건은 한쪽으로 가로질러 가방을 메고 걸었으며, 세 번째 조건은 양쪽 어깨에 가방을 메고 걸었다. 보행의 운동 형상학적 변수와 보행 시 압력중심점의 변위를 측정하기 위하여 3차원 동작분석기와 지면 반력기를 사용하였다. 각 세 가지 조건에 모든 대상자가 참가하였고, 모든 대상자는 각각 세 가지 조건에서 3kg, 5kg, 7kg의 무게를 지닌 가방을 휴대하여 6m를 걸었다. 본 연구 결과, 양쪽 어깨로 가방을 메고 걸을 때 3kg, 5kg, 7kg의 가방의 무게에 따라 전-후 및 내측-외측 방향의 압력중심점과 보행률 변수에서 통계학적으로 유의한 차이가 있었다. 따라서 양쪽 어깨에 가방을 메고 걷는 것이 다른 조건보다 더 효율적으로 보행할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• 대한정형도수물리치료학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.83-101
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• 2004

The propose of the study was to evaluate the efficacy of the partial body weight support during treadmill training on the ambulation in elderly with chronic stroke. Fourteen hemiplegic volunteers participated and were divided into an experimental and control groups. In the experimental group, the body weight support during treadmill training was performed 3 times per week for 6 weeks. In the control group, usual treadmill training was applied. Before and after experiments, temporal-spatial gait parameters were measured. The date of 14 patients who carried out the whole experimental course were statistically analyzed. The results of the study were : 1. In the comparison of gait velocity before and after experiment, the gait velocity was significantly increased in the experimental group and the control group(p<.05). In the comparison of difference of the gait velocity between groups, there was not, significant difference between the experimental group and the control group(p>.05). 2. In comparison of gait cadence before and after experiment, the gait cadence was significantly increased in both groups(p<.05). In the comparison of difference of the gait cadence between groups, there was not significant difference between the experimental group and the control group(p>.05). 3. In the comparison of step length before and after experiment, the step length was significantly increased in the experimental group and the control group(p<.05). In the comparison of difference of the step length between groups, there was not significant difference between the experimental group and the control group(p>.05). 4. In the comparison of single support time asymmetry before and after experiment, the single support time asymmetry was no significant difference between groups(p>.05). In the comparison of difference of the single support time asymmetry between groups, there was not significant difference between the experimental group and the control group(p>.05). 5. In the comparison of step length asymmetry before and. after experiment, the step length asymmetry was not significant difference between the experimental group and the control group(p>.05). In the comparison of difference of the single step length asymmetry between groups, there was not significant difference between the experimental group and the control group(p>.05).

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.59-79
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to determined the effects of reciprocal inhibition on spatial-temporal gait parameters in spastic hemiplegic patients through GaitRite system. The subjects were consisted 45 patients who had spastic hemiplegia due to stroke. All subjects randomly assigned to 3 group : manual reciprocal inhibition program group(manual group), neuromuscular electrical stimulation group(NMES group) and control group. The manual group received voluntary isometric contraction of pre-tibia muscle. The NMES group received neuromuscular electrical stimulation on tibialis anterior. The control group was not recieved any therapeutic intervention. Before and after experiments, spatial-temporal gait parameters and functional ambulatory profile was measure in all patients. The data of 30 patients who complete experimental course were statistically analysed. The results of this study were as following : 1. The percentage of change of functional ambulatory profile were markedly increased in manual group but statistically non significant(p>.01). 2. The percentage of change of gait velocity and cadence were markedly increased in manual group but statistically non significant(p>.01). 3. Asymmetry ratio of gait elements were more improved in manual group but statistically non significant(p>.01). 4. There were no statistical difference between pre-test and post-test with functional ambulatory profile, gait velocity, cadence and asymmetry ratios in NMES group(p>.01). 5. There were no statistical difference between pre-test and post-test with unctional ambulatory profile, gait velocity, cadence and asymmetry ratios in control group(p>.01). In conclusion, the present results revealed that reciprocal inhibition which produced by voluntary isometric contraction of pre-tibia muscle can be improved spatial-temporal gait parameters including functional ambulatory profile in hemiplegic patients. Therefore, reciprocal inhibition is useful to improve functional activities in hemiplegic patient. Further study should be done to analyze the effects of intervention duration of reciprocal inhibition, appropriate muscle contraction, optimal time to apply the reciprocal inhibition in more long period.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.339-350
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• 2005

This study is the quasi-experimental study on the gait training rehabilitation. The purpose of this study is to prepare the baseline data for most suitable of gait while we were scrutinizing how the walking characters, functional walking ability, gait quality of stroke patients were affected by the gait on BWSTT (Body Weight Supported Treadmill Training) through the change of treadmill velocity and body weight support. To accomplish this purpose, this study used thirty subjects, more than 3 months post stroke, for rehabilitation who were divided between two gait training groups they received the neurophysiological physical therapy. For 6 weeks, 5 times a week for 15 minutes per session, the BWSTT group participated in 30 sessions structured speed-dependent treadmill training with 30% body weight supported, and the ratio of body weight support was gradually decreased as the patients advanced the capability of more self-support. The OGT(Over Ground Training) group received the same quantity of equal sessions like BWSTT. Firstly, we measured the absolute improvement of walking velocity (m/s), capacity(min/m) and cadence(steps/min) among walking characters. Secondly, we measured the functional walking ability such as Functional Ambulatory Category(FAC, score out of 5), Modified Motor Assesment Scale(MMAS, score out of 6) and Gait Quality Chart(score out of 41). Data analysis was performed with using SPSS 10.0 win program. The descriptive analysis was used to obtain average and standard deviation. The independent t-test and the paired t-test were used to compare both the groups about pre and post training test. Treatment effects were established by pre and post assessment. Subjects tolerated the training well without side-effects. Therefore, the results of this study were as follows; 1. There was a more significant difference from the improvement of walking velocity(0.09m/s), endurance(4.53min/m), cadence(4.20steps/min), FAC(0.26score), MMAS(0.33 score) and hip joint and pelvic of gait quality(0.39 score) ever before in the BWSTT group(p<.05). 2. There was a more significant increase from the walking velocity(0.01m/s) in the OGT group(p<.05). 3. There was a more statistical significant increase from comparing the average of walking velocity in both groups ever before(0.42m/s in BWSTT group and 0.31m/s in OGT group)(p<.05). There was a statistical significant difference from the average of cadence in both groups(61.87step/min in BWSTT group and 3.60steps/min in OGT group)(p<.05). As we can see from above, the findings suggest that BWSTT may be more effective than the OGT for improving some gait parameters such as gait velocity and cadency. This conclusion also suggest that BWSTT is more effective for the improvement of gait of stroke patients.

• 대한물리치료과학회지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.27-37
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• 2004

The propose of the study was to evaluate the efficacy of the partial body weight support during treadmill training on the ambulation in elderly with chronic stroke. Fourteen hemiplegic volunteers participated and were divided into an experimental and control groups. In the experimental group, the body weight support during treadmill training was performed 3 times per week for 6 weeks. In the control group, usual treadmill training was applied. Before and after experiments, temporal-spatial gait parameters were measured. The date of 14 patients who carried out the whole experimental course were statistically analyzed. The results of the study were : 1. In the comparison of gait velocity before and after experiment, the gait velocity was significantly increased in the experimental group and the control group(p<.05). In the comparison of difference of the gait velocity between groups, there was not significant difference between the experimental group and the control group(p>.05). 2. In comparison of gait cadence before and after experiment, the gait cadence was significantly increased in both groups(p<.05). In the comparison of difference of the gait cadence between groups, there was not significant difference between the experimental group and the control group(p>.05). 3. In the comparison of step length before and after experiment, the step length was significantly increased in the experimental group and the control group(p<.05). In the comparison of difference of the step length between groups, there was not significant difference between the experimental group and the control group(p>.05). 4. In the comparison of vastus medialis root mean square(RMS) before and after experiment, the vastus medialis RMS was significantly increased in the experimental group(p<.05). In the comparison of vastus medialis root mean square(RMS) before and after experiment, the vastus medialis RMS was not significantly increased in the experimental group(p>.05). In the comparison of difference of the vastus medialis RMS between groups, there was not significant difference between the experimental group and the control group(p>.05). 5. In the comparison of latency of somatosensory evoke potential(SSEP) before and after experiment, the latency of SSEP was significantly increased in the experimental group(p<.05). In the comparison of latency of somatosensory evoke potential(SSEP) before and after experiment, the latency of SSEP was significantly decreased in the control group(p>.05). In the comparison of difference of the latency of SSEP between groups, there was not significant difference between the experimental group and the control group(p>.05). 6. In the comparison of functional ambulation profile(FAP) before and after experiment, the FAP was not significant difference in the experimental group and the control group(p>.05). In the comparison of difference of the FAP between groups, there was not significant difference between the experimental group and the control group(p>.05).