• 대한영양사협회학술지
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.322-332
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• 2004

The possibility that high, long-term intake of carbohydrates that are rapidly absorbed as glucose may increase the risk of type 2 diabetes has been long-standing controversy. A high consumption of carbohydrates with a high glycemic index produces greater insulin resistance than did the intake of low glycemic index carbohydrates. This study was designed to evaluate the cabohydrate intake status include glycemic index and correlation carbohydrtae intake status with anthropometry factors & other nutrients in usual diet of the Korean type 2 diabetes mellitus. In 104 tpye 2 diabetes mellitus patients(mean age : 51.8yr, male=44.femal=60), we determined carbohydrte intake status include glycemic index with 24hr recall method and measured anthropometry. Mean daily carbohydrtae intakes and glycemic index were 307.3g(male 323.1g, female 295.5g) and 90.7(male 93.4, female 88.8), respectively. We found a strong and statistically significant association between carbohydrate ratio and glycemic index in obese factors, other nutrient. But carbohydrate intake/kg of body weight was low a significant differences in obese factors, other nutrient. Also glycemic index was effected by total energy intake and carbohydrate ratio than carbohydrate intake/kg of body weight. In conclusion, emphasis for dietary modification should be total energy intake and carbohydrate ratio in diabetes mellitus patient.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제27권7호
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• pp.729-739
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• 1994

Riboflavin status of 17 insulin-dependent diabetic mellitus(IDDM) patients in growing period was evaluated as a function of energy intake and expenditure, biochemical nutritional status and diabetic control indicators. Compared with recommended dietary allowances for Koreans(RDA, 1989), only 35.3% of subjects was at good levels of all nutrients intakes and 52.9% of subjects was below normal level of height and weight. Nutrients consumed below RDA levels were energy(=88.5% of subjects), niacin(64.7%), iron(52.9%) and protein(23.5%) respectively. The riboflavin status was within normal range by urinary riboflavin excretion but 17.6% of subjects was evaluated as showed riboflavin deficiency by erythrocyte glutathione reductase activity coefficient(EGRAC). Correlation between riboflavin intake, urinary riboflavin excretion, EGRA level and diabetic duration were not statistically significant. Correlation analyses indicated that EGRA level was inversely correlated with thiamin, niacin and cabohydrate intake. No significant correlations were found between the EGRA and glycosylated hemoglobin A1(HbA1) (r=-0.464, p=0.129). From this study, it is suggested that IDDM subjects need to maintain balanced diet containing nutrients above RDA for individual activity during growing period. It needs more study whether the current recommended riboflavin allowance is adequate for diabetic patients.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.175-180
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of a pre-exercise meal on the plasma human growth hormone (hGH) response and fat oxidation during walking. Subjects (n=8) were randomly provided with either 1 g/kg body weight of glucose in 200 mL water (CHO) or 200 mL water alone (CON) 30 min prior to exercise and subsequently walked on a treadmill at 50% of VO2max for 60 min. Plasma hGH concentrations were significantly higher in subjects who received CHO compared to those who received CON at 15 and 30 min. The fat oxidation rate in the CHO was significantly lower than the CON while walking for 5~15, 25~35 and 45~55 min. Plasma FFA levels were also significantly lower in the CHO compared to the CON at 30, 45 and 60 min. Plasma glucose levels in the CHO were significantly lower while plasma insulin levels were significantly higher than in the CON at 15 and 30 min. Therefore, the results of this study suggest that the elevation of plasma hGH levels due to the intake of a pre-exercise meal may not be strongly related to fat oxidation and plasma free fatty acid (FFA) levels during low-intensity exercise.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.73-82
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• 1985

This study was conducted to evaluate nutritional status with the analysis of the factors which might influence on the prevalent condition of nutrients-intake. 373 persons who are above 60 years old in Chung-Gu, Seoul were surveyed from March 15 to March 30 in 1985. Results were as follows ; 1. General Characteristics 1) Male respondents among the entire respondents comprised 54.3% and female respondents comprised 45.7%. As for age, male and female respondents comprised 55.0% and 37.2% respectively. 2) As for the educational level of the respondents, illiteracy was 49.9% which was the highest. and those who graduated elementary school was 28.1% which was the second highest. And as for the comparison of the education of the male and female respondents, the educational level of male respondents was much higher than that of female respondents. 3) As for the final occupation of the respondents, those who were engaged in commerce comprised 30.8% which was the highest rate, and who were engaged in agriculture comprised 20.1% which was the second highest rate. And those who were engaged in labor comprised 12.3%. 2. The State of Nutrients-intake The energy of the male respondents was 61.4% of RDA and the protein was nothing but 66.8% of RDA. Except vitamin A, vitamin $B_1$ and niacin, calcium, iron, vitamin $B_2$, vitamin C were lower than RDA (the range: $67.5%{\sim}97.3%$). The energy of the female respondents was 70.0% of RDA and the protein was 58.8% which were lower than RDA. Except vitamin A and vitamin $B_1$, calcium, iron, vitamin $B_2$ vitamin C, niacin were lower than RDA (the range: $68.2%{\sim}98.9%$). 3. The various factors related to nutrients-intake 1) The composition of family and the food environment those who were living with their spouses comprised 44.8% which was the highest rate, and those who were living with their son's family comprised 33.5% which was the second highest rate and those who were living with their doughter's family comprised only 4.6%. Those who were living alone comprised 16.4%. The correlation with nutrient intake didn't show a clear relation. 2) Socio-economic state Those who said that they lacked in living expense comprised 32.7% and those who said that they lacked in pocket-money comprised 23.9%, The female respondents outnumbered the male respondents in lacking living expense or pocket-money. In the correlation with socio-economic, there was no striking relation with education level. However, it was shown that little relation in energy, fat in male and also fat and iron in female. The living expense and the satisfaction in pocket-money had also little relation with energy fat and vitamin C in male. 3) Nutrition knowledge and food habit (a) The state of nutrition knowledge and food habit In nutrition knowledge, those who scored less than 60 points were 32.9%, and those who scored more than 90 points were 21.0%. In food habit, those who scored less than 60 points were 26.5% and those who scored more than 80 points were 45%. (b) The corelation with nutrition knowledge and food habit In case of female respondents, nutrition knowledge had a little relation with the intake of cabohydrate, iron, and vitamin C. And we couldn't see a distinct phenomenon in food habit.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제41권1호
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• pp.41-53
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• 2008

임신성 당뇨병의 발병에 영향을 미치는 식이 인자를 알아보고자 컴퓨터용 식품섭취 빈도조사지와 설문지 등을 이용하여 임신성 당뇨병의 환자군-대조군 연구를 시행한 결과는 다음과 같다. 임신성 당뇨병군이 대조군보다 연령과 BMI가 높았고, 당뇨병의 가족력이 많았다. 임신전의 식습관은 임신성 당뇨병군이 대조군보다 1일 식사횟수가 적었고, 식사시간이 불규칙하고 식사속도가 빨랐으며 채식을 적게 하고 기름진 음식을 싫어하는 경향이었으며, 식습관점수가 낮았다. 식품섭취빈도법으로 조사한 영양소 섭취량에서는 임신성당뇨병군이 대조군보다 탄수화물의 섭취량이 유의적으로 많았고 단백질의 에너지 섭취비율이 유의적으로 낮았다. 지방의 섭취량에는 두 군간에 차이가 없었으며 임신성 당뇨병군이 대조군보다 단백질과 칼슘, 인, 비타민 B,의 영양밀도가 유의적으로 낮았다. 두 그룹간에 섭취량에 유의적 차이를 보이는 식품 중 쌀, 중국국수, 돼지고기 등은 임신성 당뇨병군에서 대조군보다 많이 섭취하였고, 옥수수, 오징어채, 큰멸치, 수박, 포도, 복숭아, 밤, 땅콩, 호상 요구르트, 치즈, 검정콩, 당근 등은 대조군에서 섭취량이나 섭취빈도가 많았다. 두 군 사이에 섭취량에 유의적 차이를 보이는 음식 중 온면, 시루떡, 햄버거, 돼지고기편육, 삶은 계란 등은 임신성 당뇨병군에서 섭취량이 많았고, 전병, 두부조림, 오징어채무침, 깍두기, 야채샐러드, 김치국, 과일샐러드, 콩밥, 콩조림, 토마토쥬스 등은 대조군에서 섭취량이나 섭취빈도가 많았다. 특히 쌀의 경우에는 임신성 당뇨병군이 대조군보다 섭취량은 많았으나 섭취빈도는 적어 임신성 당뇨병군에서 1회의 섭취분량이 많았던 것으로 생각할 수 있다. 영양소 중에서는 탄수화물이나 에너지의 섭취량이 많을 때 임신성 당뇨병의 odds ratio가 증가하였고, 식품이나 음식은 쌀, 국수, 돼지고기, 온면, 시루떡, 햄버거, 삶은 계란, 돼지고기편육 등의 섭취량이 많을 때 임신성 당뇨병의 odds ratio가 증가하였다. 상관관계의 분석결과 에너지 섭취량, 탄수화물 섭취량 등이 혈액의 포도당농도와 상관관계가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 이상으로 본 연구 결과를 종합해 볼 때 임신성 당뇨병에 영향을 미치는 식이 인자는 지방보다는 탄수화물의 섭취량으로 생각되어지며 단백질을 포함한 식사의 질과 바람직하지 않은 식습관이 영향을 미칠 수 있음을 생각해 볼 수 있다.