• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제6권5_6호
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• pp.461-480
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• 2010

This paper analyses the data collected from the $2^{nd}$ Jindo Bridge, a cable-stayed bridge in Korea that is a structural health monitoring (SHM) international test bed for advanced wireless smart sensors network (WSSN) technology. The SHM system consists of a total of 70 wireless smart sensor nodes deployed underneath of the deck, on the pylons, and on the cables to capture the vibration of the bridge excited by traffic and environmental loadings. Analysis of the data is performed in both the time and frequency domains. Modal properties of the bridge are identified using the frequency domain decomposition and the stochastic subspace identification methods based on the output-only measurements, and the results are compared with those obtained from a detailed finite element model. Tension forces for the 10 instrumented stay cables are also estimated from the ambient acceleration data and compared both with those from the initial design and with those obtained during two previous regular inspections. The results of the data analyses demonstrate that the WSSN-based SHM system performs effectively for this cable-stayed bridge, giving direct access to the physical status of the bridge.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제26권5호
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• pp.575-589
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• 2020

For vibration control of stay cables in cable-stayed bridges, viscous dampers are frequently used, and they are regularly installed between the cable and the bridge deck. In practice, neoprene rubber bushings (or of other types) are also widely installed inside the cable guide pipe, mainly for reducing the bending stresses of the cable near its anchorages. Therefore, it is important to understand the effect of the bushings on the performance of the external damper. Besides, for long cables, external dampers installed at a single position near a cable end can no longer provide enough damping due to the sag effect and the limited installation distance. It is thus of interest to improve cable damping by additionally installing dampers inside the guide pipe. This paper hence studies the combined effects of an external damper and an internal damper (which can also model the bushings) on a stay cable. The internal damper is assumed to be a High Damping Rubber (HDR) damper, and the external damper is considered to be a viscous damper with intrinsic stiffness, and the cable sag is also considered. Both the cases when the two dampers are installed close to one cable end and respectively close to the two cable ends are studied. Asymptotic design formulas are derived for both cases considering that the dampers are close to the cable ends. It is shown that when the two dampers are placed close to different cable ends, their combined damping effects are approximately the sum of their separate contributions, regardless of small cable sag and damper intrinsic stiffness. When the two dampers are installed close to the same end, maximum damping that can be achieved by the external damper is generally degraded, regardless of properties of the HDR damper. Field tests on an existing cable-stayed bridge have further validated the influence of the internal damper on the performance of the external damper. The results suggest that the HDR is optimally placed in the guide pipe of the cable-pylon anchorage when installing viscous dampers at one position is insufficient. When an HDR damper or the bushing has to be installed near the external damper, their combined damping effects need to be evaluated using the presented methods.

• 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 논문집
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• 제10권5호
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• pp.115-121
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• 2006

본 논문에서는 다양한 형태의 케이블 요소들의 거동이 강사장교의 극한강도에 미치는 영향을 검토하였다. 연화소성힌지 모델을 사용한 극한강도 평가 시 보-기둥 부재의 기하학적 비선형은 안정함수를 사용하여 고려하였고 재료적 비선형성을 반영하기 위하여 CRC 접선계수와 포물선 함수를 사용하였다. 케이블 부재는 새그의 영향이 고려되었다. 연구 결과 등가탄성계수가 반영된 등가트러스 요소를 사용한 경우 강사장교의 극한강도가 케이블 요소 또는 현수선 요소를 사용하여 평가한 극한강도 보다 안전측으로 평가되었다.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.47-70
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• 2012

To enhance cable stiffness, this paper proposed a combined application of carbon fiber reinforced polymers (CFRP) and steel materials, resulting in a novel type of hybrid stay cable system especially for the cable-stayed bridges with main span lengths of 1400~2800 m. In this combination, CFRP materials can conserve all their advantages such as light weight and high strength; while steel materials help increase the equivalent stiffness to compensate for the low elastic modulus of CFRP materials. An increase of the equivalent stiffness of the hybrid stay cable system could be further obtained with a reasonable increase of its safety factor. Following this concept, a series of parametric studies for the hybrid stay cable system with the consideration of stiffness and cost were carried out. Three design strategies/criteria, namely, best equivalent stiffness with a given safety factor, highest ratio of equivalent stiffness to material cost with a given safety factor, and best equivalent stiffness under a given cost were proposed from the stiffness and cost viewpoints. Finally, a comprehensive design procedure following the proposed design strategies was suggested. It was shown that the proposed hybrid stay cable system could be a good alternative to the pure CFRP or traditional steel stay cables in the future applications of super long span bridges.

• 한국전산구조공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전산구조공학회 2004년도 봄 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.439-446
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• 2004

In this study, the characteristic of the Near Fault Ground Motion which was not considered at the seismic design in our country and how the Near Fault Ground Motion affects the cable-stayed bridge which have long period is analyzed through the dynamic response analysis. So, the object of this study is following that it makes the data which can be utilized as the seismic safety evaluation in case of the cable-stayed bridge taken the near fault in the future.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 2002년도 봄 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.1031-1038
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• 2002

In this paper the erection method of the Seohae Bridge starter is presented. The erection method of starter for cable stayed bridge was changed from conventional bracket supported erection to heavy lifting supported directly by stays. There was the need to reduce the erection time drastically. The cost saving was obtained as a bonus.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.1-12
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• 1989

사장교는 경간이 크기 때문에 발생하는 대변형 효과, 케이블의 현수 작용, 그리고 축력으로 인한 휨 강성 변화 등으로 비선형 거동이 나타난다. 사장교의 동적 거동은 구조물 안정성 검사를 위한 중요한 요소가 된다. 특히, 편재 이동하중이 작용하는 경우, 연직 변위와 비틂 변위는 복합될 뿐만 아니라 단면 좌우의 케이블 축력 변화도 중요한 동적 특성을 나타낸다. 본 연구에서는 편재 이동하중이 작용하는 사장교의 해석을 위한 이론적 연구와 유한 요소법을 제시하였고 이동 하중의 속도변화와 편심량의 크기에 따라 케이블의 장력과 절점 변위에 대한 동적 거동을 규명하였다. 본 연구에서 수행한 해석 결과에 따르면, 편재 이동 하중을 받는 사장교의 해석에서는 주형의 비틂과 이로 인한 케이블 축력 증가도 고려해야 할 것으로 사료된다.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제44권2호
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• pp.241-254
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• 2022

The cables in a cable-stayed bridge are critical load-carrying parts. The potential damage to cables should be identified early to prevent disasters. In this study, an efficient deep learning model is proposed for the damage identification of cables using both a multi-layer perceptron (MLP) and a graph neural network (GNN). Datasets are first generated using the practical advanced analysis program (PAAP), which is a robust program for modeling and analyzing bridge structures with low computational costs. The model based on the MLP and GNN can capture complex nonlinear correlations between the vibration characteristics in the input data and the cable system damage in the output data. Multiple hidden layers with an activation function are used in the MLP to expand the original input vector of the limited measurement data to obtain a complete output data vector that preserves sufficient information for constructing the graph in the GNN. Using the gated recurrent unit and set2set model, the GNN maps the formed graph feature to the output cable damage through several updating times and provides the damage results to both the classification and regression outputs. The model is fine-tuned with the original input data using Adam optimization for the final objective function. A case study of an actual cable-stayed bridge was considered to evaluate the model performance. The results demonstrate that the proposed model provides high accuracy (over 90%) in classification and satisfactory correlation coefficients (over 0.98) in regression and is a robust approach to obtain effective identification results with a limited quantity of input data.

• 한국철도학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국철도학회 2008년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.206-213
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• 2008

Mo-Am arch bridge is only the long-span bridge (with 125m span) in the Kyong-Bu high-speed line in service, while other bridges are PSC box girder bridges and steel composite bridges with span lengths of $25\sim50m$. However, in foreign high-speed lines, special cable-supported bridges like cable-stayed bridges and extradosed bridges are being adopted in earnest with technical specifications. The cable supported bridge is recognized as one of the indices of technology in civil engineering field, and thus it is being adpoted with a sense of rivalry in countries with advanced technology in railway engineering. In this paper, to apply the top-level cable-supported bridge technology to the domestic high-speed line up to 400km/h by establishing the technical specifications on cable-supported bridges including span length, the requirements for securing the dynamic stability and running safety of high speed train are analyzed through case studies for domestic and foreign cases.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.391-411
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• 2016

This study investigates the mode identifiability of a multi-span cable-stayed bridge in terms of a benchmark study using stabilization diagrams of a system model identified using stochastic subspace identification (SSI). Cumulative contribution ratios (CCRs) estimated from singular values of system models under different wind conditions were also considered. Observations revealed that wind speed might influence the mode identifiability of a specific mode of a cable-stayed bridge. Moreover the cumulative contribution ratio showed that the time histories monitored during strong winds, such as those of a typhoon, can be modeled with less system order than under weak winds. The blind data Acc 1 and Acc 2 were categorized as data obtained under a typhoon. Blind data Acc 3 and Acc 4 were categorized as data obtained under wind conditions of critical wind speeds around 7.5 m/s. Finally, blind data Acc 5 and Acc 6 were categorized as data measured under weak wind conditions.