• Corrosion Science and Technology
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• 제15권6호
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• pp.290-296
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• 2016

This study was conducted in order to examine the effect of burn damage and the resultant anti-corrosion performance. The breakdown and defect of the paint film caused by burn damage are considered to affect not only the macroscopic appearance but also the adhesive force and the anti-corrosion performance of the paint film. The material of the paint film was epoxy paint that is used most widely for heavy-duty coating, and in order to induce burn damage, heat treatment with a torch was applied to the other side of the paint film. Surface and chemical structure changes according to aging were analyzed using FE-SEM and infrared absorption spectroscopy, and variation in the anti-corrosion performance was analyzed through the AC impedance test.

• 대한용접접합학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한용접접합학회 2009년 추계학술발표대회
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• pp.5-5
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• 2009

용접에 의한 이면부 도장의 Burn damage는 관리하기 힘든 고질적인 품질문제이다. 도장면의 Burn damage 품질문제 발생시 재작업 등으로 인하여 많은 비용이 발생한다. 이런 경우 기존에 보유한 실험자료 및 적절한 이론자료 부족으로 인하여 일회적인 실험 혹은 해석적 방법을 사용하여 용접 이면부의 최고온도 등을 예측하고 회피할 수 있는 방법론을 제공하였다. 그러나 각 경우에 대해 해석 및 실험을 진행하게 되면 시간 및 비용에서 많은 문제점을 일으키게 된다. 따라서 체계적이고 효율적인 Burn damage 예측방법의 필요성이 대두되었다. 본 연구의 목적은 실험적/해석적 방법을 통해 용접이면부 최고 온도를 예측하고 이를 통해 일반화된 용접이면부 최고도달온도 예측식을 유도하는 것에 있다. 이를 위해 다양한 조건에서의 실험과 해석을 실시하였으며 이를 통해 일반화된 용접 이면부 최고도달온도 예측식을 유도하였다.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.124-131
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• 2001

To find out the effect of burn out print finishing for better quality of fabric, examined processing which could make less damages on the fiber because the biggest problem is remained fibers damage after burn out print finishing. Fiber damage examined to the condition of finishing material NaHSO$_4$and H$_2$SO$_4$, 3~10min., 100~13$0^{\circ}C$, glycerin. The fiber damages evaluated the break strength and the surface condition by SEM. Among satin, pile fabric which remained fiber is silk, warp knitted fabric which remained fiber is polyester, the fibers damage level were warp knitted fabric$0^{\circ}C$, glycerin and for 6 minutes by NaHSO$_4$. When carbonized by 20%. 50% and 70% to express textile design, carbonizing rate was not effect on the fiber damage very much. There was almost no damages with glycerine, and almost no damages during 3~6minutes fixation time, 10$0^{\circ}C$ steaming heat fixation by NaHSO$_4$and H$_2$SO$_4$. Without glycerine, there were damage by hydrolysis on polyesters surface and the fiver was broken by fixation time.

• Applied Microscopy
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.37-47
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• 2001

화상에 의한 피부 손상이 간에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위하여 흰쥐를 이용하여 피부 화상을 유도한 다음 각각 5시간, 24시간 후 생화학적 정량법과 형태학적 관찰을 통해 간 조직 손상의 발병기전을 검토해 보고자 하였다. 흰쥐의 화상 유발은 등쪽면의 털을 깎고(total burn surface area $20\sim25%$) $100^{\circ}C$ 물로 10초간 흡입손상 없이 피부 화상만을 가하였다. 생화학적 정량으로는 혈청 내 xanthine oxidase(XO)와 aniline aminotransferase (ALT)의 활성변화, 그리고 혈장 단백질 함량 변화를 측정하였고, 형태학적 관찰은 혈액 중 다형핵 백혈구 수의 산정과 간 세포의 미세구조 변화를 관찰하였다. 실험 결과, 화상 후 혈청 내 XO의 활성 증가(P<0.01)와 함께 체중 당 간 무게(p<0.05)와 혈청 내 ALT의 활성이 증가되었다. 화상 직후 allopurinol의 복강투여로 XO활성, 간 무게, 그리고 ALT의 활성은 모두 감소되었다. 화상 손상에 의한 간 조직의 미세구조적 변화로는 소포체 종창, 리보솜 탈락, 지방소적의 축적, 그리고 담모세관과 세포간질의 확장이 관찰되었다. 뿐만 아니라 염증세포인 호중구의 침윤과 함께 혈관 내피세포의 손상, 쿠퍼세포의 활성화, 그리고 미세융모의 손상들이 관찰되었다. 또한 혈 중 다형핵 백혈구의 수적인 변화에서 화상 유발 5시간 후에 현저히 감소되어 내부 장기에 호중구 침윤의 가능성을 알 수 있었다. 하지만 allopurinol의 투여로 이러한 미세구조의 변화를 예방할 수 있는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과들을 종합해 볼 때, 피부 화상으로부터 간 손상을 유발하는데 있어서 혈 중 XO의 활성증가가 매우 핵심적인 역할을 담당하는 것으로 사료되었다.

• 대한물리치료과학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.923-934
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• 2001

In order to investigate a pathogenesis of liver damage induced by skin burn, thermal injury was induced by scald burn on entirely dorsal surface in rats (total body surface area 30%) except for inhalated injury. At 5 and 24 h after scald bum, biochemical assay and morphological changes in skin tissue, serum and liver tissue were examined. The effects of bum injury on the levels of glutathione, lipid peroxide and on the activities of oxygen free radical generating and scavenging enzymes have been determined in association with observing of histologic and ultrastructural changes, measuring the protein concentration in plasma, and counting the number of intravascular polymorphonuclear leukocytes. The activity of xanthine oxidase, an enzyme of oxygen free radical generating system. was elevated (p<0.01) in serum, but not in skin and in liver tissue. Futhermore, thermal injury decreased not only the protein concentration in plasma but also the number of leukocytes, that indicates induction of edema formation with protein exudation and inflammation by neutrophil infiltration into the internal organs. These data suggest that acute dermal scald burn injury leads to liver damage, that is related to elevation of xanthine oxidase activity in serum. Xanthine oxidase may be a key role in the pathogenesis of liver damage induced by skin burn.

• 대한원격탐사학회지
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.517-534
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• 2019

In abrupt fire disturbances, high quality images suitable for wildfire damage assessment can be difficult to acquire. Quantifying wildfire burn area and severity are essential measures for quick short-term disaster response and efficient long-term disaster restoration. Planetscope (PS) imagery offers 3 m spatial and daily temporal resolution, which can overcome the spatio-temporal resolution tradeoff of conventional satellites, albeit at the cost of spectral resolution. This study investigated the potential of augmenting PS imagery by integrating the spectral information from Sentinel-2 (S2) differenced Normalized Burn Ratio (dNBR) to PS differenced Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (dNDVI) using histogram matching,specifically for wildfire burn area and severity assessment of the Okgye wildfire which occurred on April 4th, 2019. Due to the difficulty in acquiring reference data, the results of the study were compared to the wildfire burn area reported by Ministry of the Interior and Safety. The burn area estimates from this study demonstrated that the histogram-matched (HM) PS dNDVI image produced more accurate burn area estimates and more descriptive burn severity intervals in contrast to conventional methods using S2. The HM PS dNDVI image returned an error of only 0.691% whereas the S2 dNDVI and dNBR images overestimated the wildfire burn area by 5.32% and 106%, respectively. These improvements using PS were largely due to the higher spatial resolution, allowing for the detection of sparsely distributed patches of land and narrow roads, which were indistinguishable using S2 dNBR. In addition, the integration of spectral information from S2 in the PS image resolved saturation effects in areas of low and high burn severity.

• 한국가스학회지
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.43-48
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• 2009

The energetic and environmental problems have been getting serious after the revolution of modern industry. Therefore, demand of gas as an eco-friendly energy source is increasing. With the demand of gas, the use of gas is also increased, so injury and loss of life by the fire have been increasing every year. Hence the influence on flame caused by Vapor Cloud Explosion in enclosure of experimental booth was calculated by using the API regulations. And the accident damage was estimated by applying the influence on the adjacent structures and people into the PROBIT model. According to the probit analysis, the spot which is 5meter away from the flame has nearly 100% of the damage probability by the first-degree burn, 27.8% of the damage probability by the second-degree burn and 14.5% of the death probability by the fire.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.187-191
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• 1999

Burns can be caused by fire, chemicals, heated object and fluids. Distinguishing a minor burn from a more serious burn involves determining the degree of damage to the tissues of the body. Algin is known as natural polymer marine plants, we prepared the official burn ointment which is made by Algin. This burn ointment was covered on the skin wound of artificial burned and their effect of healing was investigated by the evaluation of histological and hematological change as a function of time. The result of rats test showed that burn ointments made from Algin was effective in formation of the new tissue and reduction of inflammation.

• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.169-182
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• 2022

본 연구는 산불피해가 발생한 접경지역 산림 내 희귀특산식물(개느삼) 분포를 예측하고 피해를 정량화하고자 수행되었다. 이를 위해 산불피해강도에 따른 산림면적 피해(NBR), 임상도를 통한 수종별 피해(Vegetation map), MaxEnt 모델 분석을 수행, 보다 정밀한 결과를 도출하고자 하였다. 우선, 산불피해강도 분석은 위성영상(Landsat-8)을 활용하여, 산불피해강도(ΔNBR_2016-2015)를 분석하고 피해범위를 도출하였다. 임상도 작성은 환경부의 토지피복도, 산림청의 임상도, 자체적으로 식생조사를 진행하여, 산불 전·후의 임상도를 작성하고, 수종 피해 및 변화를 확인하였다. 마지막으로 MaxEnt 모델 분석은 관련문헌과 자체조사 자료를 기준으로 작성된 개느삼 실제서식지 좌표를 활용하여, AUC(Area Under Curve) 값을 도출하였다. 분석된 결과의 정밀도를 높이고자, 임상도와 결합하여, 개느삼이 주로 분포하는 소나무 군락 및 소나무-참나무림 군락을 대상으로 재분석한 결과, 대상지 내 개느삼 실제출현 좌표 325개소 중 299개 지점에서 개느삼 출현가능성이 92.0%로 예측되어 유의미한 결과를 얻을 수 있었다. 해당 자료를 산불피해강도(ΔNBR_2016-2015) 자료와 중첩한 결과, 산불피해지 내 개느삼 서식가능지(예측) 면적 44,760 m²의 45.9%인 20,552 m²가 훼손된 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 따라서 본 연구는 산불로 인해 훼손된 희귀식물 서식지 면적을 정량화하고 희귀식물 보전·관리를 위한 사례가 될 것으로 기대된다.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제41권4호
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• pp.317-324
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• 2014

Background Burn infliction techniques are poorly described in rat models. An accurate study can only be achieved with wounds that are uniform in size and depth. We describe a simple reproducible method for creating consistent burn wounds in rats. Methods Ten male Sprague-Dawley rats were anesthetized and dorsum shaved. A 100 g cylindrical stainless-steel rod (1 cm diameter) was heated to $100^{\circ}C$ in boiling water. Temperature was monitored using a thermocouple. We performed two consecutive toe-pinch tests on different limbs to assess the depth of sedation. Burn infliction was limited to the loin. The skin was pulled upwards, away from the underlying viscera, creating a flat surface. The rod rested on its own weight for 5, 10, and 20 seconds at three different sites on each rat. Wounds were evaluated for size, morphology and depth. Results Average wound size was $0.9957cm^2$ (standard deviation [SD] 0.1845) (n=30). Wounds created with duration of 5 seconds were pale, with an indistinct margin of erythema. Wounds of 10 and 20 seconds were well-defined, uniformly brown with a rim of erythema. Average depths of tissue damage were 1.30 mm (SD 0.424), 2.35 mm (SD 0.071), and 2.60 mm (SD 0.283) for duration of 5, 10, 20 seconds respectively. Burn duration of 5 seconds resulted in full-thickness damage. Burn duration of 10 seconds and 20 seconds resulted in full-thickness damage, involving subjacent skeletal muscle. Conclusions This is a simple reproducible method for creating burn wounds consistent in size and depth in a rat burn model.