• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.109-119
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• 2016

In South Korea the need of sustainably managing development on forest lands has required to develop a new approach to estimating environmental impacts on forest surrounding development sites in a scientific manner. As for forest-related development, two types of development were selected: golf courses and industrial complexes. Using Fragstats 4.2, the fragmentation effects and patterns of each type by forest area within project sites and buffer zones ranging from the outside of project sites up to 2,000 meters were analyzed. As a result, golf courses were strongly related to a group of fragmentation indexes: CA, NP, PD, TE, LSI, TCA, NDCA and CONNECT, whereas industrial complexes were associated with CA, NP, PD, TE, LSI and CONNECT. Among them, NP, LSI, TCA and NDCA of golf courses were considered as representative indexes reflecting the average impact ranges of each sub-group by forest area, and focussing on the size of core areas. In the case of industrial complexes, PD, TE and LSI were the representatives, vulnerable to the composition of given landscape. For two case studies, one for golf courses and the other for industrial complexes, they showed there existed a difference between the average of a group and the individual results. Therefore, to minimize the variations in impact range within a group, it is needed to analyze more individual cases. This study proved there was a distinction between project types in terms of the range of environmental impact. To effectively and comprehensively manage forest development, further research on analyzing other development types related to forests with more cases is needed.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.102-107
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• 1994

The $\beta$-1,4-endoglucanase gene from Actinomyces sp. 40 was cloned into Escherichia coli DH5$\alpha$ with pUC19. Chromosomal DNA from Actinomyces sp. 40 was cleaved with the restriction enzyme Sau3AI and ligated into pUC19 for the transformation of Escherichia coli DH5$\alpha$. Positive clones of $\beta$-1,4-endoglucanase gene were detected as the clear zones on a medium supplemented with carboxymethylcellulose (CMC). This transformant possessed a single plasmid, designated pDS1, which contained the vector DNA and a 3.5 kilobase (kb) Sau3AI insertion fragment encoding endoglucanase. The size of the cloned fragment was reduced to 2.0 kb. The endoglucanase activity produced by the E. coli DH5$\alpha$ (pDS6) was higher than that of Actinomyces sp. 40 strain. The optimum pH and temperature of the cloned enzyme were pH 4.0$\sim$5.0 and 55$^{\circ}C$, respectively. The cloned enzyme was stable at 55$^{\circ}C$ or below and in buffer ranging from pH 4.0 to 7.0. The enzyme degraded CMC but did not degrade xylan, cellobiose, and methyl-umbelliferylcellobiopyranoside (MUC).

• 생태와환경
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• 제40권1호
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• pp.40-49
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• 2007

For effective watershed management, we must understand the complex and dynamic relationships of land uses and water quality. Despite numerous studies investigated the relationships between water quality and land use, there are increasing concerns on the geographical variation and lack of spatial integrations in previous studies. We investigated the relationships between land use and water quality characteristics in the Hwa-Sung estuarine reservoir watershed in Korea, which has spatially integrated land uses. The spatial variations of these relationships were also examined using zonal analysis. Water quality parameter were correlated positively with residential and forest and negatively with paddy and upland especially during base flow in the near buffer zone. During storm flow, correlation between land use and water quality was less apparent. Population and livestock density was correlated well to water quality parameter than just number of population and livestock. Relationships across zones, distinguished by distances from streams, were inconsistent and erratic, suggesting that the relationships between remote land uses and water quality may be affected more significantly by sub-basin characteristics than by the land use itself. The watersheds studied are mainly non-urban and their land uses are similar to typical watershed of other estuarine reservoirs, therefore, the correlation developed in this study might be helpful to manage other watersheds of estuarine reservoir. This methodology could be applied to other areas where the watershed characteristics are not significantly different from the study area.

• 한국습지학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.53-66
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• 2008

환경부는 최근 30년 동안 가정하수, 축산폐수 및 산업폐수 등과 같은 점오염원에 대한 집중적인 기술개발, 시설설치 및 시설개선에 투자를 하여왔으며, 수질개선도 크게 이루어졌다. 그러나 지속적인 인간의 활동 및 토지이용의 고도화로 나타나는 도시화는 유역의 변화를 가져오고 수질 및 수생태계의 건전성을 약화시키는 새로운 오염물질을 유발하고 있다. 이러한 유역의 변화는 주로 인간의 활동공간을 창출하는 개발사업에 의하여 발생한다. 따라서 환경부는 시대적 필요에 의해 수질 및 수생태계 보전에 관한 법률 등의 개정을 통해 다양한 수질 및 유역관리제도(수질오염총량관리제, 비점오염원 관리지역 지정제도, 비점오염원설치신고제도, 고랭지 경작지 경작방법 권고 등)를 도입하여 수질개선을 꾀하고 있다. 그러나 이러한 각종 제도는 개발사업에 효율이 검증되지 않은 허울뿐인 비점저감시설의 난립을 가져올 소지가 매우 높다. 즉, 수질 및 수생태계의 보전은 환경에의 직접적 영향을 끼치는 개발사업의 건설기술 자체가 환경에 영향을 최소화시키는 건설환경기술로 변화될 때 가능하다. 따라서, 본 논문에서는 수질 및 수생태계 보전을 위한 유역관리기법, Low Impact Development(LID) 기술 및 비점오염원 관리 방향에 관한 21세기형 지속가능한 환경정책을 제안하고자 한다.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제34권6호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2007

Land use types within a watershed closely are related with the water quality characteristics of receiving water bodies. Despite of a numerous studies suggesting a strong relationship between water quality and land use, there have been increasing concerns about the geographical variation and a lack of spatial integration in that relationship, which are essential to implementing these findings into land use planning and management. In the meantime, edges mediate the material flux between adjacent systems. This mediating effect of edges is strongly related to the complexity of their shapes. Land use activities within a watershed have a direct impact on the water quality of adjacent aquatic systems, and hydrological processes carry residuals from watershed into adjacent aquatic ecosystems through the edges. Therefore, the geometry of reservoirs theoretically affects the relationship between land uses in the watershed and the quality of receiving bodies of water. In this light, this study integrates the geo-spatial dimensions of land uses in the watershed using GIS and landscape indices in order to explore the relationship between land uses and water quality. Water quality characteristics, land uses and geometry of 133 randomly sampled reservoirs were correlated, based on buffer zones and types of reservoirs. The findings showed that land uses, particularly urban land uses, significantly affect water quality characteristics including BOD, COD, TN and TP, and geometry of reservoirs reduces the concentration of pollutant and nutrients in reservoirs. One of results indicates that the relationship between land use and water quality and effects of spatial dimension may vary with types of reservoirs and pollutants. These results suggest that lakeshore areas are important, particularly for TN reduction and call for a caution to land use activities nearby shoreline areas for sustaining better water quality.

• Architectural research
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.41-52
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• 2020

Laboratory buildings with specialized equipment and ventilation systems pose challenges in terms of efficient energy use and initial construction costs. Additionally, lab spaces should have flexible and efficient layouts and provide a comfortable indoor research environment. Therefore, this study aims to identify the correlation between the facade of a building and its interior layout from case studies of energy-efficient research labs and to propose passive energy design strategies for the establishment of an optimal research environment. The case studies in this paper were selected from the American Institute of Architects Committee on the Environment Top Ten Projects and Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) certified research lab projects. In this paper, the passive design strategies of space zoning, façade design devices to control heating and cooling loads were analyzed. Additionally, the relationships between these strategies and the interior lab layouts, lab support spaces, offices, and circulation areas were examined. The following four conclusions were drawn from the analysis of various cases: 1) space zoning for grouping areas with similar energy requirements is performed to concentrate similar heating and cooling demands to simplify the HVAC loads. 2) Public areas such as corridor, atrium, or courtyard can serve as buffer zones that employ passive solar design to minimize the mechanical energy load. 3) A balanced window-to-wall ratio (WWR), exterior shading devices, and natural ventilation systems are applied according to the space programming energy requirements to minimize the dependence on mechanical service. 4) Lastly, typical laboratory space zoning categories can be revised, reversed, and even reconfigured to minimize the energy load and adjust to the site context. This study can provide deep insights into various design strategies employed for construction of green laboratories along with intuitive arrangement of various building components such as laboratory spaces, lab support spaces, office spaces, and common public areas. The key findings of this study can contribute towards creating improved designs of laboratory facilities with reduced carbon footprint and greenhouse emissions.

• Environmental Sciences Bulletin of The Korean Environmental Sciences Society
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.139-148
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• 2000

A mass balance/photochemical modeling approach was used to evaluate the sea-to-air dimethyl sulfide (DMS) fluxes in tropical regions and part of the Southern Ocean. The flux determinations were based on 10 airborne observations by ACE 1 transit flights (i.e., Flights 4-9 and 29-32). The DMS flux values for the tropical regions ranged from 1.0 to 7.4 $\mu$mole/$m^2$/day with an average estimate of 4.2$\pm$2.3 $\mu$mole/$m^2$/day. The seasonal variations in the DMS flux predicted for the equatorial Pacific Ocean based on atmospheric DMS measurements were not entirely consistent with those derived from seawater DMS measurements were not entirely consistent with those derived from seawater DMS measurements reported in previous literature. Inhomogeneities in the DMS flux field were found to cause significant shifts in the atmospheric DMS levels even in the same sampling location. Accordingly, no definitive statement can be made at this stage regarding systematic differences or agreements in the DMS flux estimates from the two approaches. Moreover, this study strongly suggests that DMS oxidation is the most likely dominant source of SO$_2$in tropical regions, which is also supported by another set of compiled observations. Finally, these SO$_2$observations indicate that, when significant data was available for both the boundary and buffer layers, the vertical SO$_2$gradient between these two zones was primarily negative.

• 한국경제지리학회지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.229-246
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• 2020

코로나 바이러스 사태로 글로벌 환경이 급변하고 있는데, 특히 접경지역과 같이 상대적으로 외면 받아오던 지역에 대한 중요성이 커지고 있다. 특히, 남북한 접경지역의 경우는 포스트코로나 시대에 화해와 협력, 공존을 위한 공간으로서 새로운 인식 및 개념화가 요구된다. 본 논문은 포스트코로나 시대의 전망을 통해 자국우선주의, 새로운 국가경쟁력의 기준 변화, 지역가치사슬의 변화, 4차산업혁명시대 디지털 경제로의 전환 등 변화특성에 따라 SWOT 분석 등 상황별 발전방향을 분석, 제시해보았으며, 이를 토대로 완충지역의 활용, 회복탄력성의 마련을 위한 비정치적 협력의 확대, 신성장동력산업 육성 등 현실적인 접근을 제안하고, 시나리오 작성을 통해 긍정적인 경우와 부정적인 경우의 영향과 대응전략을 마련해 보았다.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.15-32
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• 2011

This study was carried out to investigate the soil characteristics and propose the management for the Monument Beobsoo Marsh, Korea. The soil properties of O.M, $Ca^{2+}$, $Na^+$ and CEC were higher and the soil properties of pH_{1:5}$ and $P_2O_5$ were lower the studied sites than other marsh sites in Korea. Although the Heavy metals such as Pb, Hg, Cd, Cu, Zn, Cr and As were lower compare to the safety standard of soil pollution in Korea, the overall conservation management plan based on long-term monitoring should be considered just because it varied by the point and non-point source pollution within the studied marsh. The source of water pollution varied due to non-point polluting origins such as sewage inlet, degraded terrain for agriculture, fishing sites, sites of removed water grasses, pesticides, chemical fertilizers, as well as fallen leaves. The creation of an artificial marsh is recommended due to the soil environment of the studied sites may be changed owing to the accumulated contaminants from the sources of both of point or non-point contaminants. The establishment of the zones of core, buffer and transition which is basic management structure of the UNESCO MaB could be applied to manage the studied site. Simultaneously the promotion of voluntary participation and education of the local residents are needed.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture International Edition
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• 제1호
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• pp.13-25
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• 2001

Recently there have been increasing demands and desire for the urban open space due to urban development or environmental deterioration. Urban natural parks in Seoul provide citizens with comfortable open space and thus play an important role as learning spaces to experience nature and understand the environment. Accordingly, this study aims to analyze existing vegetation and provide basic data for the conservation and management plans of urban natural parks and education programs. The contents of the study encompass natural environment such as topography, altitude, slope and aspect and botanical ecosystem including the structure of plant communities and tree growth. According to the result of topography analysis, the overall altitude was not high but the slope was relative steep. Vegetation of Seoo Royal Tomb, a urban natural park has been classified into 12 types, and they include; Quercus acutissima community(lowland type), Quercus acutissima community(valley type), quercus variabilis community, Quercus mongolica community, Castanea crenata community, Capinus laxiflora community, Pinus densiflora community(lowland type), Pinus densiflora community(slope type), Robinia pseudo-acacia community, Populos$\times$albaglandulosa community, Pinus rigida community, and Pinus koraiensis community. Based on the survey and analysis results, we have classified the study area into conservation, buffer, and utilization zones for the effective management. This study provides basic data to support the establishment of master plans for urban natural parks by analyzing vegetation conditions at Seoo Royal Tomb, an urban natural park, Based on the results presented in the study, consistent monitoring work needs to be conducted, and elaborate management plans also should be prepared.