• Journal of electromagnetic engineering and science
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.39-45
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• 2009

In this paper, we discuss hardware design and deployment issues in current passive UHF RFID systems. Using the link budget concept, the methodology to calculate forward- and reverse-link interrogation range is shown. Then, we consider hardware issues: phase diversity, phase noise with range correlation, and TX leakage problems. Finally, three interference problems when deploying RFID systems are presented.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.89-97
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• 2015

In bidding processes conducted by government agencies, local governments or public agencies, budget prices are critical to both ordering bodies and bidders since budget prices are bases for selecting a successful bidder. Since a high budget price goes against ordering bodies and a low one goes against bidders, most ordering bodies adopt a system using multiple preliminary prices for determining a budget price to ensure fair and transparent manners. Discussed are how budget prices change depending on the methods of sampling 15 preliminary prices and the methods of sampling 4 out of 15 prices. Computer simulation is conducted to analyze budget prices for various methods to determine multiple preliminary prices. It is more likely for budget prices to be close to base prices when splitting a range of generating preliminary prices into 15 intervals and taking 4 preliminary prices from 15 intervals than when taking 4 preliminary prices from a whole range. In cases when splitting a range of generating preliminary prices, if we take 2 preliminary prices out of intervals above 100% and take 2 out of intervals below 100%, the expected budget prices are equal to a base price and the standard deviations are about half in comparison with those when taking 4 out of 15 intervals.

• Journal of the military operations research society of Korea
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.93-101
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• 1980

An effectively designed budget system in the poor resources environment necessarily has three design criteria : (i) to be both planning-oriented and control-oriented, (ii) to be both rationalistic and realistic, (iii) to be sensitive to the variations of resources environment. PPB system is an extreme (planning-oriented and rationalistic) and conventional OEB/OUB system is the other extreme (control-oriented and incrementalistic). Generally, the merits of rationalism are limited because of the infeasibility of applications. Hence, mixtures of the two extremes such as MBO, ZBB, and RZBB have been examined and applied during the last decade. The classical mathematical models of capital budgeting are the starting points of the development of the Budget-Mix Model introduced in this paper. They are modified by the followings: (i) technological-resource constraints, (ii) bounded-variable constraint, (iii) the exchange rules. Special emphasis is laid on the above (iii), because we need more efficient interresource exchanges in the budget-mix process. The Budget-Mix Model is not based on optimization, but a heuristic approach which assures a satisficing solution. And the application fields of this model range between the incremental Nonzero-Base Budgeting and the rational Zero-Base Budgeting. In this thesis, the author suggests 'the budget- mix concept' and a budget-mix model. Budget-mix is a decision process of making program-mix and resource-mix together. For keeping this concept in the existing organization realistic, we need the development of quantitative models describing budget-mix situations.

• Aerospace Engineering and Technology
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.108-119
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• 2014

In this paper, through the example of international lunar exploration mission the equipment was to investigate, and the amount of data transferred per day were identified. Data storage and the data transfer rate (8.4Mbps less) for the satisfaction of the value within the range of available S and X bands was confirmed by using the communication link budget. The result is to define the range of the sensor information can be obtained, as well as from the values of the parameters calculated for the transmission communication systems will be able to define the specifications.

• Korean Management Science Review
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.81-105
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• 1993

The objective of the paper is to develop models for determining the aggregate budget size in long-range R&D planning of KT(Korea Telecom.) and for allocating it by strategically adopted technologies for KT's TOP(Telecommunication-Oriented Paradise) Strategy. In the model of R&D budget size determination, the linear regression analysis is applied. In allocating the R&D expenditure, criteria weighting and technological importance ranking are determined by means of the Analytic Hierarchy Process(AHP) as a decision aid, along with hierarchical representation and pairwse comparisons. R&D budget analysis provides to basic data for the mid-and long-range R&D planning. The model then needs to be adjusted as the TOP project plan becomes specific. Resource allocation model for R&D based on AHP can be used to identify the importance of the technologies for TOP according to short-, mid-, and long-term perspectives without further modification. It is expected that the R&D budget analysis model works as the basis for planning R&D investment strategies and that the resource allocation model for R&D contributes to the effective use of the limited resource.

• Ocean Systems Engineering
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.33-39
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• 2018

The paper presents a numerical underwater channel model developed in MATLAB for estimating the optical link budget between a light emitting diode (LED) based optical transmitter and a photo diode (PD) receiver when operated in the harbor, coastal and deep waters locations in the Bay of Bengal. The water samples are collected at different locations in the Bay of Bengal using a water sampler during an offshore research cruise. The optical attenuation, the main inherent parameter determining the range of the optical communication link is identified for the different waters using an underwater irradiance measurement system in the laboratory. The identified parameters are applied to the numerical model and found that a 10 W LED and a photo diode based system can provide the optical budget required for a horizontal underwater communication range of about 0.5, 14 and 35 m in the harbor, coastal and deep waters locations respectively. By increasing the transmitter power to 50 W, the operating range of the communication link could be increased up to 53 m in deep water locations in the Bay of Bengal.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.57 no.7
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• pp.1235-1240
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• 2008

In this paper, we presented an active RFID system in 2.45GHz range including LNA, Mixer and gain block. And in this work, a link budget model for RFID applications are proposed. We describe the detailed design and implementation of our system. Our components in RFID system has features such as low Noise Figure, reliable energy budget, and standard compliance with ISO 18000-4. Our receiver is effective for development and evaluation of prototype applications because of the flexibility of the design hardware. So, our platform will be suitable for versatile item management applications.

• ETRI Journal
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.89-100
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• 2018

Millimeter wave communication is one of the main disruptive technologies in upcoming 5G mobile networks. One of the first candidate applications, which will be commercially ready by 2020, is wireless backhaul links or wireless last mile communication. This paper provides an analysis of this use-case from radio engineering and implementation perspectives. Furthermore, preliminary experimental results are shown for a proof-of-concept wireless backhaul solution developed within the EU-KR 5GCHAMPION project, which will be showcased during the 2018 Winter Olympic Games in Korea. In this paper, we verify system level calculations and a theoretical link budget analysis with conductive and radiated over-the-air measurements. The results indicate that the implemented radio solution is able to achieve the target key performance indicator, namely, a 2.5 Gbps data rate on average, over a range of up to 200 m.

• Proceedings of the Zoological Society Korea Conference
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• 1995.10b
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• pp.112-113
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• 1995

No Abstract, See Full Text

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.582-594
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• 1989

The purpose of this study is to analyze the factors affecting the school health teachers' self-confidence. This study was conducted with 87 school health teachers working in Jeonbuk province, from September to December, 1986, The results are follows; 1. Demographic characteristics of school health teachers 1) Age mean ; 34, range; 23-54 2) School Nursing experience mean; 11 years, range; 0-24 3) Clinical experience mean; 1.5 years, range: 0-13 2. Status of school health resources & nursing activities 1) Personnel resource school health teacher: pupils : 1 : 1,436 'classes=1:31 'general teacher=1:39 2) Budget Total school operating budget: School health budget : 100 : 4.2 (52.2 thousand Won) Half of the school health budget expend on medicine. 3) Clinic 80% of all schools have health clinic seperately. 71.32 of all schools have less than $35m^2$, 23.9%, $36-66m^2$. 4) Only 20% of all schools have organization for health 5) Average of clinic visitor for 1 year; 2,084 Major problem is on digestive system. And other problem: respiratory, skin, musculo - skeletal system, dental problem, etc... 6) Literal message for 1 year; 12 times. For health education (4), vaccination (3), examination of parasites (2), etc... 3. The degrees of the school health teachers' self-confidence 1) Program planning & evaluation; 2.9. 2) Clinic management; 2.8 3) Health education; 2.8 4) Management of school environment; 2.7 5) Health care services; 2.5. 6) Operating of school health organization; 2.3 4. Significances to self-confidence on school health nursing activities 1) Program planning & evaluation: home message (r=.228, p<.05) No. of clinic visitor (r=.220, p<.05) expending time for clinic management (r=.229, p<.05) religion (t: 2.5, p<.05) level of school (F=6.3, p<.005) 2) Clinic management: age of school health teacher (r=-.202, p<.05) school health experience (r=-.211, p<.05) salary step (r=.187, p<.05) expending time for clinic management (r=.315, p<0.1) marital status (t=3.97, p<.005) level of school (F=3,139, p<0.5) 3) Management of school environment: level of school (F=3.899, p<.05) expending time for clinic management (r=-,216, p<0.5) 4) Health care service: age of school health teacher (r=-.186, p<.05) marital status (t= 3.67, pH.005) 5) Health education: expending times for clinic management (r=-.252, p<05) level of school (F=5.343, p<.01) 6) Operating of health organization; age of school health teacher (r=-.258, p<.01)salary step (r=.188, p<.05) Based on the above results, the suggestions are as follows; 1. Need to raise ,appointment rate school health teacher. 2. Need to raise self-confidence on school health nursing activities through the inservice education or re-inforcement. 3. Need to secure adequate budget for school health. 4. Participation of school health teacher and support of school master for school health services are required. 5. Need for use the health clinic seperately, adequate facilities and free utilization by visitors.