• Title/Summary/Keyword: bt

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Comparison of shear lag in structural steel building with framed tube and braced tube

  • Mazinani, Iman;Jumaat, Mohd Zamin;Ismail, Z.;Chao, Ong Zhi
    • Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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    • v.49 no.3
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    • pp.297-309
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    • 2014
  • Under lateral loads Framed Tube (FT) system exhibits reduction of cantilever efficiency due to the effect of shear lag. Braced Tube (BT) represents a valuable solution to overcome shear lag problems by stiffening the exterior frame with diagonal braced members. This study investigates the effect of shear lag on BT and FT under wind load. Shear lag and top-level displacement results are compared with previous findings by researchers on FT and BT systems. The investigation of the effect of various configurations in BT on the reduction the shear lag is another objective of this study. The efficiency of each structure is evaluated using the linear response spectrum analysis to obtain shear lag. STADD Pro software is used to run the dynamic analysis of the models. Results show there is relatively less shear lag in all the BT configurations compared to the FT structural system. Moreover, the comparison of the obtained result with those derived by previous studies shows that shear lag is not proportional to lateral displacement. With respect to results, optimum BT configuration in term of lower shear lag caused by lateral loads is presented.

Variation of Dielectric Constant with Various Particle Size and Packing Density on Inkjet Printed Hybrid $BaTiO_3$ Films

  • Lim, Jong-Woo;Kim, Ji-Hoon;Yoon, Young-Joon;Yoon, Ho-Gyu;Kim, Jong-Hee
    • Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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    • 2010.06a
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    • pp.271-271
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    • 2010
  • $BaTiO_3$(BT) has high permittivity so that has been applied to dielectric and insulator materials in 3D system-level package integration. In order to achieve excellent performance of device, the BT layer should be highly dense. In this study, BT thick films were prepared by the inkjet printing method. And these films were cured at $280^{\circ}C$ after infiltration of polymer resin. As a result, we have successfully fabricated not only the inkjet-printed hybrid BT film but also metal-insulator-metal(MIM) capacitor without sintering process. Changes in the dielectric constant of BT hybrid film with particle size and packing density were investigated. The dielectric constant was increased with increasing packing density and particle size. Further, the BT hybrid film using two different size particles had even higher packing density and dielectric constant.

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Expression of Bacillus thringiensis HD-1 gene in rhizobacteria Pseudomonas fluorescens KR164 (근권 길항세균 Pseudomonas fluorescens KR164에 Bacillus thuringiensis HD-1 유전자의 삽입과 발현)

  • Kim, Yeong-Yil;Rhee, Young-Hwan;Kang, Heun-Soo
    • Applied Biological Chemistry
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    • v.35 no.4
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    • pp.227-231
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    • 1992
  • The plasmids pSUPBT and pSUPBTR were constructed with a vector pSUP2021 and the BT toxin gene in the plasmid pES 1. The plasmids constructed were introduced into the antagonistic rhizobacteria P. fluorescens KR164 by conjugation and P. fluorescens having pSUPBT and pSUPBTR were named P. fluorescens KR164(pSUPBT)#2, KR164(pSUPBT)#3, KR164(pSUPBTR)#2 and KR164(pSUPBTR)#3, respectively. The BT toxin gene were identified in all transformants by Southern hybridization and the final product of BT toxin gene was identified only in P. fluorescens KR164(pSUPBTR)#3 by SDS-PAGE. This crystal toxin protein were also observed in electron microscopy.

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Effect of Bopaewon-tang on Immune Reaction (보폐원탕(補肺元湯)이 면역반응에 미치는 영향)

  • Jeon Yong-Keun;Lee Kyung-A;Leem Jae-Yoon;Kwon Jin;Jang In-Soo;Song Jung-Mo;Eun Jae-Soon
    • Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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    • v.20 no.1
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    • pp.125-130
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    • 2006
  • The purpose of this research was to investigate the effects of Bopaewon-tang (BT) on immune reaction in mice. BT (500 mg/kg, p.o.) increased the viability of thymocytes, but decreased the viability of splenocytes in vivo. BT enhanced the population of $CD4^+$cells in thymocytes and enhanced the population of $Thy1^+$ cells in splenocytes and splenic $CD8^+$ cells. Also, BT decreased the production of IL-4 from splenocytes. Furthermore, BT enhanced the production of nitric oxide and the phagocytic activity of peritoneal macrophages. These results suggest that BT enhances the immune response via activation of thymocytes and macrophages.

A Comparative Analysis of IHS, FIHS, PCA, BT and WT Image Fusion Methods Using IKONOS Image Data (IKONOS 영상을 활용한 IHS, FIHS, PCA, BT, WT 영상 융합법의 비교분석)

  • Kim, Hyun;Yu, Jae Ho;Kim, Joong Gon;Seo, Yong Su
    • Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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    • 2009.05a
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    • pp.599-602
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    • 2009
  • This paper presents a comparative analysis of five different fusion methods. The five different methods to merge multispectral images and panchromatic image are IHS, FIHS, PCA, BT and WT methods. The comparative analysis based on visual analysis and quantitative analysis are performed using the merged results. From the results the FIHS method provide good result, BT, PCA, IHS and WT method show the next order.

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Effects of Confinement and Transport Stress on Physiological Condition in Olive Flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus)

  • Hur, Jun-Wook;Park, Cheol-Young;Chang, Young-Jin;William H. Neill
    • Proceedings of the Korean Aquaculture Society Conference
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    • 2003.10a
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    • pp.105-106
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    • 2003
  • Physiological responses (cortisol, glucose, lactic acid, osmolality and hematology) of olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) to stressors associated with confinement and subsequent transport were investigated. Specimens were subjected to confinement stress for 3 h, prior to transport for 15 h. Two different size cohorts of the fish, large (839.6$\pm$162.7 g) and small (98.2$\pm$14.8 g), were used. Experimental cohorts of the fish were divided into 3 groups for blood sampling: group A, sampled at the beginning of confinement and 3 h before transport (BT, -3 h), after confinement and at the beginning of transport (BT, 0 h), 3 h after transport had begun (AT, 3 h), and after 15 h transport (AT, 15 h); group B, sampled at BT, 0 h, at AT, 3 h, and at AT, 15 h; and, group C, sampled at AT, 3 h, and at AT, 15 h. In the cohort of large fish, plasma cortisol levels of the A group were increased over time, from 4.2 ng/ml (BT, -3 h), to 92.0 ng/ml (BT, 0 h), 118.5 ng/ml (AT, 3 h) and 105.5 ng/ml (AT, 15 h). A similar pattern was evident in the B group, in which cortisol increased from 47.5 ng/ml (BT, 0 h) to 53.5 ng/ml (AT, 15 h); and, for the C group, in which cortisol increased from 43.5 ng/ml (AT, 3 h) to 71.5 ng/ml (AT, 15 h). Glucose levels of the A group also were significantly increased, from 39.5 mg/dl (BT, -3 h), to 121.0 mg/dl (BT, 0 h), 298.0 mg/dl (AT, 3 h) and 260.5 mg/dl (AT, 15 h). Lactic acid levels increased markedly during transport, from less than 1 mmol/L (BT, 0 h) to 12.0 mmol/L (AT, 15 h). Plasma osmolality increased from 405.5 mOsm/kg (BT, -3 h, for group A) to values near 500 mOsm/kg subsequent to confinement and transport. In the small-size cohort, plasma cortisol, glucose, lactic acid and osmolality levels showed similar but less pronounced trends than those observed for the large-size cohort. This research provides baseline data on cortisol, glucose, lactic acid, osmolality and hematological responses to confinement and transport, which should be useful to aquaculturists working with olive flounder and to scientists studying other flatfish species.

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Advanced Water Treatment of High Turbidity Source by Hybrid Process of Ceramic Ultrafiltration and Photocatalyst: 1. Effects of Photocatalyst and Water-back-flushing Condition (세라믹 한외여과 및 광촉매 혼성공정에 의한 고탁도 원수의 고도정수처리: 1. 광촉매 및 물역세척 조건의 영향)

  • Cong, Gao-Si;Park, Jin-Yong
    • Membrane Journal
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    • v.21 no.2
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    • pp.127-140
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    • 2011
  • The effects of $TiO_2$ photocatalyst coating bead concentration, water-back-flushing period (FT), and back-flushing time (BT) were investigated in hybrid process of ceramic ultrafiltration and photocatalyst for advanced drinking water treatment in this study. Photocatalyst coating bead concentration was changed in the range of 10~40 g/L, FT in 2~10 min and BT in 6~30 sec. Then, we observed the effects on resistance of membrane fouling $(R_f)$, permeate flux (J) and total permeate volume $(V_{\Upsilon})$ during total filtration time of 180 min. As decreasing photocatalyst coating bead concentration, $R_f$ increased and J decreased. $V_{\Upsilon}$ was the highest value of 8.85 L at 40 g/L of photocatalyst coating bead concentration. At FT change experiment, $R_f$ decreased and J increased as decreasing FT. Then $R_f$ decreased and J increased according to increasing BT at BT change experiment. Because at NBF (no back-flushing) dramatic membrane fouling reduced membrane pore size, turbid and dissolved organic matters ($UV_{254}$ absorbance) could be removed efficiently. Therefore, treatment efficiencies of turbidity and dissolved organic matters were the highest at NBF. Then by cleaning effect of photocatalyst coating bead, the treatment efficiencies of turbidity and dissolved organic matters increased as decreasing FT and increasing BT.

Combination effects of Organic Materials and Bacillus thuringiensis on Spodoptera exigua (유기농자재와 Bacillus thuringiensis의 혼합처리에 의한 파밤나방의 방제효과)

  • Han, Ji Hee;Yoon, Jihye;Son, Sujin;Kim, Jeong Jun;Lee, SangYeob
    • The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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    • v.19 no.4
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    • pp.411-417
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    • 2015
  • This study is conduced to investigate control efficacy of mixture of plant extracts which has been reported to control pest and Bacillus thuringiensis or alone. Control efficacy of 0.025% matrine or mixture of 0.016% matrine and BT ($5{\times}10^4cfu$) against $3^{rd}$ instar larvae of beet armyworm were best as 98.7% and 93.3%. Treatment of mixture of 0.01% matrine and BT ($5{\times}10^4cfu$) showed the mortality of 69.3%. In the case of neem, when the mixture of 0.1% neem and BT was applied to larvae of S. exigua, their mortality was 50.0% and weight of larvae were significantly different compare with control and only neem treatment. Therefore For effective control reducing population of beet armyworm and possibility to develop resistance against BT and eco-friendly agents, mixture of 0.016% Matrine and BT ($5{\times}10^4cfu$) could be used.

Hybrid Water Treatment of Tubular Alumina MF and Polypropylene Beads Coated with Photocatalyst: Effect of Nitrogen Back-flushing Period and Time (관형 알루미나 정밀여과와 광촉매 코팅 폴리프로필렌 구의 혼성 수처리: 질소 역세척 주기와 시간의 영향)

  • Park, Jin Yong;Choi, Min Jee;Ma, Jun Gyu
    • Membrane Journal
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    • v.23 no.3
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    • pp.226-236
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    • 2013
  • The effect of $N_2$ back-flushing period (FT) and time (BT) was compared with the previous result used PES (polyethersulfone) beads loaded with titanium dioxide photocatalyst in hybrid process of alumina microfiltration and PP (polypropylene) beads coated with photocatalyst in viewpoints of membrane fouling resistance ($R_f$), permeate flux (J), and total permeate volume ($V_T$). The reason of nitrogen back-washing instead of the general air back-washing method is to minimize the possible effect of oxygen included in air on water quality analysis. As decreasing FT, $R_f$ decreased and J and $V_T$ increased. Treatment efficiency of dissolved organic matters (DOM) was 82.0%, which was the higher than 78.0% of the PES beads result. This means that PP beads coated with photocatalyst was the more effective than PES beads loaded with photo-catalyst in the DOM removal. As increasing BT, the final $R_f$ decreased and the final J increased, but $V_T$ was the maximum at BT 15 sec. The average treatment efficiency of turbidity did not have any trend as changing BT. As BT increasing from 6 sec to 30 sec, the treatment efficiency of DOM increased 11.8%, which was a little higher than the result of PES beads.

Control efficacy of BtPlus against two mosquitoes, Aedes koreicus and Culex vagans (한국숲모기와 줄다리집모기에 대한 비티플러스 방제 효과)

  • Kim, Yonggyun;Minoo, Sajjadian;Ahmed, Shabbir
    • Korean journal of applied entomology
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    • v.59 no.1
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    • pp.41-54
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    • 2020
  • Two mosquito species were collected in still-water near farming area in Andong, Korea. Based on morphological characters, these two mosquitoes were identified as Aedes koreicus and Culex vagans, respectively. DNA barcode analyses supported the identification. An entomopathogenic bacterium, Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis (BtI), exhibited insecticidal activities against the two mosquito species and its virulence was more potent than that of B. thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki. It has been known that the bacterial metabolites of Xenorhabdus spp. suppress insect immunity and enhance pathogenicity of B. thuringiensis. This study tested the effect of the bacterial culture broth of Xenorhabdus spp. on enhancing BtI pathogenicity. Among three Xenorhabdus spp., culture broth of X. ehlersii (Xe) was relatively effective to enhance BtI pathogenicity against both mosquito species. Indeed, organic extracts of Xe culture broth suppressed the hemocyte-spreading behavior, suggesting the presence of immunosuppressant in the culture broth. These results suggest a formulation of BtPlus by mixing BtI spore and Xe culture broth to be applied to control the two mosquito species.