• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
• /
• 제5권2호
• /
• pp.87-96
• /
• 2002

The physico-chemical properties of fresh milt of marbled sole, Limanda yokohamae, brown sole, Limanda herzensteini, starry flounder, Platichthys stellatus and olive flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus among flatfishes, and the fine structure of their cryopresserved spermatozoa were investigated. The highest concentration of sperm among these four species was $3.60\pm1.35\times10^{10}/mL$ in marbled sole. Osmolality and pH of seminal plasma in four flatfish species were approximately 330 mOsm/kg and 7.6-8.1, respectively. Seminal plasma compositions showed interspecific differences. The sperm heads of marbled sole, brown sole and starry flounder were ellipsoidal and that of olive flounder was round. The numbers of mitochondria of these four species were eight in marbled sole, seven in brown sole and starry flounder, and six in olive flounder. Cross-sectional view of flagellum showed typical 9+ 2 structure in all species. Most of sperms cryopreserved with a proper method had no visible ultrastructural changes after freeze-thawing, compared with the fresh sperm, but in a few cases, swelling of their heads and midpiece regions were observed.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
• /
• 제5권1호
• /
• pp.64-74
• /
• 2002

The proper conditions for cold storage of milt in four species of flatfish were investigated. Various diluents were tested for the preservation of marbled sole, brown sole, starry flounder and olive flounder milt at $1\pm0.5^{\circ}C$ for 7 days. The most effective diluent was $1\%$ NaCl for marbled sole and Stein's extender for brown sole, starry flounder and olive flounder. After 7 days of storage in different dilution ratios (milt: diluent), marbled sole milt diluted with 1:3-10 and brown sole, starry flounder and olive flounder milt diluted 1:1-10 maintained good sperm activity index (SAI). SAI was affected by storage volume and presence of antibiotic. SAI was lower after 7 days storage in the volume of 1.5 mL than in 0.5 or 1.0 mL. SAI after 29 days storage was markedly enhanced by addition of antibiotic in marbled sole (400 ppm gentamicin, 400 ppm neomycin, 200-400 ppm streptomycin), brown sole (600 ppm gentamicin), starry flounder (1,000 ppm gentamicin) and olive flounder (200-1,000 ppm gentamicin, 200-400 ppm neomycin, 200-1,000 ppm streptomycin).

• 한국식품영양과학회지
• /
• 제23권6호
• /
• pp.933-938
• /
• 1994

A study was amino acid contents by heating conditions of mackerel, pacific saury , yellow croaker, and brown sole investigated. In fresh fishes, total amino acid contents showed higher amount in brown sole and yellow croaker, than those of pacific saury and mackerel. The amino acid contents among the tested samples were higher Glx , leucine, lysine and arginine in order. During heating of samples the amino acid contents decreased. There appeared to be a proportional relationship of the heating temperature to decrease of amino acid. The amino acid contents of steamed samples significantly decreased than those of others. During warming and rewarming samples after storage at 4$^{\circ}C$ for 24 hours , amino acid contents slightly decreased.

• 한국양식학회지
• /
• 제17권2호
• /
• pp.128-132
• /
• 2004

이 연구에서는 자연산 참가자미의 주 어획지역인 강원도 주문진 인근해역에서 1998년 9월부터 1999년 10월까지 연간 생식소중량지수의 변화를 조사하였으며, 조직학적 조사에 의한 생식소 발달과정과 생식주기를 밝혔다. 정소는 정소소엽 형태이며, 각각의 정소엽은 여러 개의 소낭구조를 가진다. 각 소낭내의 생식세포들은 같은 단계의 발달상태를 보인다. 난소는 원추형의 낭상으로 체강벽에서 연결되는 난소간막에 의해 부착되어 있으며, 내부는 결체성 조직인 다수의 난소박판으로 구성되며, 이곳에서 난원세포가 유래한다. 수컷의 GSI는 1월에 가장 높았으며, 암컷의 GSI는 3월에 가장 높은 값을 보였다. 생식주기는 성장기(6∼9월), 성숙기(10∼12월), 완숙 및 산란기(1∼3월)그리고 회복 및 휴지기(4∼5월)로 나눌 수 있었다. 난모세포의 발달양식은 난군동기발달형에 속하였다.

• Animal cells and systems
• /
• 제14권3호
• /
• pp.197-206
• /
• 2010

The population structure of brown sole was examined in a total of 308 samples collected from three geographical groups: one locality (Gangneung) on the east side of the Korean Peninsula, two localities (Erimo and Tomakomai) on the southeastern side and four localities (Onishika, Teshio, Tomamae and Yoichi) on the northwestern side of Hokkaido Island, Japan, by using sequences of 484 bp from the 5' end of the control region of mtDNA. We detected 225 haplotypes, but 183 of them were unique to an individual. A total of 116 nucleotide sites were variable. Haplotype diversity (h) was very high, ranging from 0.989 to 1.000, and nucleotide diversity (${\pi}$) was detected between 0.015 and 0.022. Genetic distances (${\Phi}_{ST}$) within populations, among populations and among geographical groups were low (0.0002 to 0.0014). No significant difference was detected by the AMOVA test (P < 0.05). Pairwise $F_{ST}$ values between sampling localities were also low and not significant. Genetic differentiation was not detected among sampling localities.

• 한국수산과학회지
• /
• 제28권5호
• /
• pp.649-658
• /
• 1995

붕넙치과 어류의 종간에 있어서의 유전적 분화정도를 DNA level에서 관찰하기 위하여 참가자미, 문치가자미, 돌가자미, 강가자미의 미토콘드리아 DNA를 분리하고, 6염기인식의 14제한효소로써 절단한 절단단편의 염기치환수를 계산하였다. 1) mtDNA 총염기대수는 4종 모두 17.6kbp 부근으로 나타나 동일한 염기대수를 가지는 것으로 추정되었다. 2) 14종류의 제한효소로써 절단한 절단단편의 pattern으로 4종의 종내 및 종간의 haplotype수를 조사한 결과, 참가자미에서는 10개, 문치가자미에서는 4개, 강가자미에서는 2개, 돌가자미에서는 1개의 haplotype이 관찰되었으며, 종간에 있어서는 공통적인 haplotype가 전혀 관찰되지 않았다. 3) mtDNA의 유전적 변이성을 나타내는 haplotype 다양도 (h)는 참가자미에서 0.588, 문치가자미에서 0.371로 나타나 참가자미에서 높은 변이성을 나타내었다. 4) 4종의 유전적 분화의 정도를 mtDNA haplotype간의 제한 부위당 염기치환수 (d)로써 살펴 본 결과, 종내의 평균은 0.0045, 종간의 평균은 0.0344, 속간의 평균은 0.0457로 되어 종간, 속간의 값이 종내에 비해 현저하게 높은 수치를 나타내었다. 5) 4종간의 mtDNA haplotype는 1개 또는 2개의 염기치환에 의한 차이가 아니고 유전적 불연속을 나타내었다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
• /
• 제23권6호
• /
• pp.939-944
• /
• 1994

가열조건에 따른 고등어, 꽁치, 조기 및 가자미의 유기산 함유율 변화는 다음과 같았다. 4가지 서로 중 고등어가 전체 유기산의 함유율이 가장 높았으며, 모든 시료에 잇어서 공통적으로 latic acid의 함유율이 가장 높았으며 다음으로 succinic acid가 높았으며 이 두 유기산이 전체 유기산 함유율의 95% 이상을 차지하였다. 조기에서는 다른 시료에서와는 달리 succinic acid 대신에 ${\alpha}-ketoglutaric$ acid의 함유율이 높았다. 가열함에 따라서 모든 유기산 함유율이 감소하였으며 가열 온도가 높을수록 함유율 감소폭이 컸으며, 1차 및 2차 데우기에서 보다는 삶거나 가열에서 대부분의 함유율 감소가 일어났다.

• 수산해양기술연구
• /
• 제50권1호
• /
• pp.1-11
• /
• 2014

To compare the catches made using gillnets, trammel nets, and gillnets with supporting lines, several experiments were conducted with commercial vessels near Uljin and Pohang in Eastern Korea between July 2010 and May 2011. Two sets of 13 different nets were used, including 5 panels of gillnets and trammel nets each with stretched mesh sizes of 7.6, 9.1, 10.6, 12.1, and 13.6 cm and 3 panels of gillnets with a mesh size of 9.1 cm with supporting lines with different line spacing. The outer (stretched) mesh size of the trammel nets measured 51.5 cm. The target fishes of the fishing nets were various types of flounders. The catch rate of flounders was 50.7% of the total catch in weight. The total catch for all nets was 443.8 kg. The predominant species was pointhead flounder (Cleisthenes pinetorum). The total catch by trammel nets was 1.4 times that of the comparable gillnets. But more pointhead flounder were caught by gillnets than by trammel nets, though there was no significant difference. Fishermen catching the pointhead flounder in Korea said that there was no need to use trammel net to catch it; this was an unexpected finding compared to the findings of other flounder fisheries. The amounts of roughscale sole, brown sole, and blackfin flounder caught by trammel nets were greater than those caught by gillnets. The mean lengths (standard deviation) of blackfin flounder, pointhead flounder, brown sole, and roughscale sole were 21.0 (4.57), 22.9 (3.40), 24.7 (4.90), and 28.3 (5.43) cm, respectively; there were significant differences in mean length (p < 0.00001). Therefore, in order to catch flounder efficiently, the fishing nets and mesh size should be chosen according to the target species. One advantage of using supporting lines is that it prevents breakage by strengthening the material especially when utilized on a rough bottom. Catch by using gillnet with supporting lines was not greater than that by using trammel net for the conservation of fisheries resources.

• 아시안잔디학회지
• /
• 제8권1호
• /
• pp.47-52
• /
• 1994

Attempts were made to investigate the antagonistic activity of soil borne microorganisms Pseudomonas spp. and Trichoderma spp. against to the pathogens of turf diseases Rhizoctionia solani spp. and Pythiom spp. in vitro by a dual culture bioassay. Inhibition zone between the edge of the my-celium and the margin of each antagonistic bacteria, Pocudontonas, on potato dextrose agar was measured 3 days after incubation at 28˚C. Psudomonas spp. showed relatively high inhibition of mycelium growth of R. solani AG-i and Pythium spp. which cause brown patch and pythium blight, respectively. Antagonistic fungi Trichodenma spp. also showed effective inhibition against mycelium growth of both pathogens, more proper methods of measuring the inhibition effects were required because of fast growth of Trichodenna hypae. Brown patch and pythium blight both, re-quire most higher rate of fungicide use to control in golf curses in Korea. Application of antagon-istic microorganisms are useful as biological resources an approach to sole environmental contamination.

• 한국어류학회지
• /
• 제18권4호
• /
• pp.355-362
• /
• 2006

본 연구에서는 2003년 4월부터 2004년 3월까지 우리나라 동해안 강원도 양양군 현남면 남애리 연안에서 어획된 참가자미의 연령과 성장에 관하여 조사하였다. 연령형질로서는 이석을 사용하였고, 윤문형성시기는 3~5월로 산란시기와 일치하였으며, 연간 1회 형성되어 윤문을 연륜으로 간주하였다. 비선형 회귀방법으로부터 추정한 참가자미의 von Bertalanffy 성장식은 암컷이 $L_t=37.2$ ($1-e^{-0.131\;(t+2.008)}$)이었고, 수컷은 $L_t=28.3$ ($1-e^{-0.177\;(t+2.135)}$)으로, 암수간에 성장의 차이가 있었다.